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Articles 91 - 120 of 257
Full-Text Articles in Fourteenth Amendment
Rostker V. Goldberg: A Step Backward In Equal Protection, Or A Justifiable Affirmation Of Congressional Power?, Gilbert L. Purcell, Janet Rappaport
Rostker V. Goldberg: A Step Backward In Equal Protection, Or A Justifiable Affirmation Of Congressional Power?, Gilbert L. Purcell, Janet Rappaport
Pepperdine Law Review
The Supreme Court in Rostker v. Goldberg upheld a Congressional decision which excluded women from registration for service in the Armed Forces of the United States. Although the case was brought based upon equal protection grounds, the majority took a separation of powers stance and based its decision upon the fact that the Court has traditionally granted deference to the decisions of Congress in the area of military affairs. The minority opinions disagreed with the majority's analysis and claimed that the central issue in Rostker was not military in nature, but was that Congress' plan to register males only, promoted …
Justice Stevens And The Emerging Law Of Sex Discrimination , John P. Wagner
Justice Stevens And The Emerging Law Of Sex Discrimination , John P. Wagner
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Reinforcement Of Middle Level Review Regarding Gender Classifications: Mississippi University For Women V. Hogan , Mary Ellen Shull
Reinforcement Of Middle Level Review Regarding Gender Classifications: Mississippi University For Women V. Hogan , Mary Ellen Shull
Pepperdine Law Review
In Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan, the United States Supreme Court was presented with an equal protection challenge initiated by a male who was denied admission to a state-supported all-female school of nursing. After a review of relevant decisions in this area, the author examines the Supreme Court's intermediate level of scrutiny analysis and argues that application of a higher level of scrutiny to gender-based classifications is a prerequisite to true equality between the sexes.
An Analysis Of Selective Service System V. Minnesota Public Interest Research Group, Teresa L. Howell
An Analysis Of Selective Service System V. Minnesota Public Interest Research Group, Teresa L. Howell
Pepperdine Law Review
Section 1113 of the Department of Defense Authorization Act passed in 1982 prohibits the receipt of Title IV educational funds by students who do not comply with draft registration requirements. In Selective Service System v. Minnesota Public Interest Research Group, the United States Supreme Court upheld section 1113 in the face of a multi-tiered constitutional challenge. After exploring the history of section 1113, the author examines the Supreme Court's analysis of each of the constitutional challenges: bill of attainder, privilege against self-incrimination, and equal protection. Finally, the author investigates the probable impact of the Court's decision.
Aids: Do Children With Aids Have A Right To Attend School?, Gilbert A. Partida
Aids: Do Children With Aids Have A Right To Attend School?, Gilbert A. Partida
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Equal Protection And The New Rational Basis Test: The Mentally Retarded Are Not Second Class Citizens In Cleburne, Gordon W. Johnson
Equal Protection And The New Rational Basis Test: The Mentally Retarded Are Not Second Class Citizens In Cleburne, Gordon W. Johnson
Pepperdine Law Review
Recently, the Fifth Circuit held that classifications involving the mentally retarded were quasi-suspect and should be reviewed under a heightened scrutiny analysis. The Supreme Court reversed that holding but granted the retarded a remedy by applying a more genuine scrutiny under the rational basis test. The Court's decision in City of Cleburne, Texas v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc. raises the question whether the Court intends to apply an increased level of scrutiny under the rational basis test or whether this case merely represents another ad hoc decision made on the horns of a dilemma. This Note discusses the uncertain impact …
"Off With His __": Analyzing The Sex Disparity In Chemical Castration Sentences, Zachary Edmonds Oswald
"Off With His __": Analyzing The Sex Disparity In Chemical Castration Sentences, Zachary Edmonds Oswald
Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
Societies around the world have performed castration, in its various forms, on their male and female members for thousands of years, for numerous reasons. Even within the United States, prisoners have been sentenced to castration (as a form of punishment or crime prevention) since the early twentieth century. In recent years, legislatures have perpetuated this practice but with a modern twist. Now, states use chemical injections to castrate their inmates. It turns out, however, that systemic problems plague the chemical castration sentencing regime. These problems arise from the nature of the crimes eligible for chemical castration sentences, the manner of …
The Regulation Of Race In Science, Kimani Paul-Emile
The Regulation Of Race In Science, Kimani Paul-Emile
Faculty Scholarship
The overwhelming majority of biological scientists agree that there is no such thing as race among modern humans. Yet, scientists regularly deploy race in their studies, and federal laws and regulations currently mandate the use of racial categories in biomedical research. Legal commentators have tried to make sense of this paradox primarily by looking to equal protection strict scrutiny analysis. However, the colorblind approach that attends this doctrine — which many regard as synonymous with invalidation — does not offer a particularly useful way to think about the use of race in research. It offers no way to address how …
The Death Of The Voting Rights Act Or An Exercise In Geometry?--Shaw V. Reno Provides More Questions Than Answers, Michael J. Moffatt
The Death Of The Voting Rights Act Or An Exercise In Geometry?--Shaw V. Reno Provides More Questions Than Answers, Michael J. Moffatt
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Could The Best Of Tightrope Walkers Manage To Walk The Line Between Race-Consciousness And Race-Predominance? An Analysis Of Race-Based Districting In Light Of Miller V. Johnson, Sean Simpson
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Gender Classification And United States V. Virginia: Muddying The Waters Of Equal Protection , Brent L. Caslin
Gender Classification And United States V. Virginia: Muddying The Waters Of Equal Protection , Brent L. Caslin
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Inevitable Collision: Affirmative Action And The Constitution, Jennifer Moore
The Inevitable Collision: Affirmative Action And The Constitution, Jennifer Moore
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Marriage In California: Is The Federal Lawsuit Against Proposition 8 About Applying The Fourteenth Amendment Or Preserving Federalism? , Charles M. Cannizzaro
Marriage In California: Is The Federal Lawsuit Against Proposition 8 About Applying The Fourteenth Amendment Or Preserving Federalism? , Charles M. Cannizzaro
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Notes Toward A Critical Contemplation Of Law, Sonia K. Katyal
Notes Toward A Critical Contemplation Of Law, Sonia K. Katyal
Faculty Scholarship
In this tribute to Professor Derrick Bell’s legacy, Professor Katyal reflects on one of Bell’s greatest gifts: the necessary, and perhaps unfinished gift of critical contemplation of law, along with its possibilities and its concomitant limitations. In her paper, Katyal reflects on two seemingly disparate areas of civil rights that might benefit from Bell’s critical vision: the area of LGBT rights and equality, and federal Indian law. Relying on some of Bell’s most valuable insights, Katyal calls for the creation of a “critical sexuality studies” and a “critical indigenous studies” that employs some of Bell’s groundbreaking lessons in reimagining broader …
Immigration Enforcement And The Fugitive Slave Acts: Exploring Their Similarities, Karla M. Mckanders
Immigration Enforcement And The Fugitive Slave Acts: Exploring Their Similarities, Karla M. Mckanders
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Two seemingly different federal enforcement systems that affect the movement of unskilled workers — the 1793 and 1850 Fugitive Slave Acts and current state immigration enforcement policies — have remarkable similarities. Both systems are political stories that are demonstrative of the failure of federalism. The federal government’s current failure to enforce immigration laws has encouraged state and local governments to pass their own laws. Alabama and Arizona have enacted far-reaching laws, which are similar to the federal Immigration and Nationality Act § 287(g) programs. Both have been challenged on constitutional preemption and equal protection grounds. Recent scholarship has focused mainly …
When The Evil Day Comes, Will Title Vii's Disparate Impact Provision Be Narrowly Tailored To Survive An Equal Protection Clause Challenge, Eang Ngov
Faculty Articles
"The road to hell is paved with good intentions." Employers must be careful about the intentional and unintentional effect of their employment practices, even when acting with good motive. Title VII’s disparate impact provision holds employers liable for employment practices that cause an adverse impact on racial groups, even when the employment practice applies equally to all groups and was not implemented to disadvantage a particular group. A prima facie case of disparate impact can arise solely based on numbers - a comparison between the rate at which one racial group passes a test or is selected for hiring or …
The Future Of Discriminatory Local Ordinances Aimed At Regulating Illegal Immigration, John Ryan Syllaios
The Future Of Discriminatory Local Ordinances Aimed At Regulating Illegal Immigration, John Ryan Syllaios
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
The Future Of Disparate Impact, Richard A. Primus
The Future Of Disparate Impact, Richard A. Primus
Articles
The Supreme Court's decision in Ricci v. DeStefano foregrounded the question of whether Title VIl's disparate impact standard conflicts with equal protection. This Article shows that there are three ways to read Ricci, one of which is likely fatal to disparate impact doctrine but the other two of which are not.
War And Peace Between Title Vii's Disparate Impact Provision And The Equal Protection Clause: Battling For A Compelling Interest, Eang Ngov
Faculty Articles
“[T]he war between disparate impact and equal protection will be waged sooner or later, and it behooves us to begin thinking about how – and on what terms – to make peace between them.” This Article addresses Justice Scalia’s premonition in Ricci v. DeStefano by providing an analysis of how that war may be waged and whether peace can be made between Title VII’s disparate impact provision and the Equal Protection Clause. Ricci involved a challenge to the City of New Haven’s decision to void the test results of an examination required for promotion within the City’s fire department. The …
Native Hawaiians And The Ceded Lands Trust: Applying Self-Determination As An Alternative To The Equal Protection Analysis, R. Hōkūlei Lindsey
Native Hawaiians And The Ceded Lands Trust: Applying Self-Determination As An Alternative To The Equal Protection Analysis, R. Hōkūlei Lindsey
American Indian Law Review
No abstract provided.
Snyder V. Louisiana: Continuing The Historical Trend Towards Increased Scrutiny Of Peremptory Challenges, John P. Bringewatt
Snyder V. Louisiana: Continuing The Historical Trend Towards Increased Scrutiny Of Peremptory Challenges, John P. Bringewatt
Michigan Law Review
In March 2008, the Supreme Court decided Snyder v. Louisiana, the latest in the line of progeny of Batson v. Kentucky. This Note demonstrates that Snyder is part of a historical pattern of Supreme Court decisions concerning the use of peremptory challenges in which the Court has moved away from permitting the unfettered use of the peremptory challenge in favor of stronger Equal Protection considerations. Snyder alters the requirements for trial judges in deciding Batson challenges by requiring them to provide some explanation of their reasons for accepting a prosecutor's justification of a peremptory challenge. Snyder is the …
State-Created Property And Due Process Of Law: Filling The Void Left By Engquist V. Oregon Department Of Agriculture, Michael Wells, Alice Snedeker
State-Created Property And Due Process Of Law: Filling The Void Left By Engquist V. Oregon Department Of Agriculture, Michael Wells, Alice Snedeker
Scholarly Works
Several years ago, in Village of Willowbrook v. Olech, the Supreme Court recognized a 'class-of-one' Equal Protection theory, under which individuals charging that they were singled out for arbitrary treatment by officials may sue for vindication. Last term, in Engquist v. Oregon Department of Agriculture, the Court barred recourse to this type of claim on the part of government employees. The reasoning of Engquist, which emphasizes the discretionary nature of employment decisions, threatens to eliminate a wide range of class-of-one claims outside the employment area as well. There is a pressing need for an alternative. This article proposes another basis …
The Unconstitutionality Of Mississippi's Employment Protection Act And A Framework For Assessing Similar State Immigration Employment Laws, Nicholas Neidzwski
The Unconstitutionality Of Mississippi's Employment Protection Act And A Framework For Assessing Similar State Immigration Employment Laws, Nicholas Neidzwski
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Terms Of Imprisonment: Treating The Noncitizen Offender Equally, Nora V. Demleitner
Terms Of Imprisonment: Treating The Noncitizen Offender Equally, Nora V. Demleitner
Scholarly Articles
Not available.
Conaway V. Deane: To Have And To Hold, From This Day Forward—Maryland’S Unfit Marriage To Federal Equal Protection Analysis, Rachel A. Shapiro
Conaway V. Deane: To Have And To Hold, From This Day Forward—Maryland’S Unfit Marriage To Federal Equal Protection Analysis, Rachel A. Shapiro
Maryland Law Review
No abstract provided.
Engquist V. Oregon Department Of Agriculture: No Harm Meant? The Vanquished Requirement Of Ill-Will In Class-Of-One Equal Protection Claims And The Erosion Of Public Employees’ Constitutional Rights, Kerstin Miller
Maryland Law Review
No abstract provided.
Eatin' Good? Not In This Neighborhood: A Legal Analysis Of Disparities In Food Availability And Quality At Chain Supermarkets In Poverty-Stricken Areas, Nareissa Smith
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
Many Americans-especially the poor-face severe hurdles in their attempts to secure the most basic of human needs-food. One reason for this struggle is the tendency of chain supermarkets to provide a limited selection of goods and a lower quality of goods to patrons in less affluent neighborhoods. Healthier items such as soy milks, fresh fish, and lean meats are not present in these stores, and the produce that is present is typically well past the peak of freshness. Yet, if the same patron were to go to another supermarket owned by the same chain--but located in a wealthier neighborhood-she would …
Abolishing The Time Tax On Voting, Elora Mukherjee
Abolishing The Time Tax On Voting, Elora Mukherjee
Faculty Scholarship
A “time tax” is a government policy or practice that forces one citizen to pay more in time to vote compared with her fellow citizens. While few have noticed the scope of the problem, data indicate that, due primarily to long lines, hundreds of thousands if not millions of voters are routinely unable to vote in national elections as a result of the time tax, and that the problem disproportionately affects minority voters and voters in the South. This Article documents the problem and offers a roadmap for legal and political strategies for solving it. The Article uses as a …
Can Courts Repair The Crumbling Foundation Of Good Citizenship? An Examination Of Potential Legal Challenges To Social Studies Cutbacks In Public Schools, Eli Savit
Michigan Law Review
In the wake of No Child Left Behind, many public schools have cut or eliminated social studies instruction to allot more time for math and literacy. Given courts' repeated celebration of education as the "foundation of good citizenship," this Note examines potential legal claims and litigation strategies that could be used to compel social studies instruction in public schools. This Note contends that the federal judiciary's civic conception of education leaves the door slightly ajar for a Fourteenth Amendment chrallenge on behalf of social studies-deprived students, but the Supreme Court's refusal in San Antonio v. Rodriguez to recognize education as …
Are You My Mother?: Removing A Gestational Surrogate’S Name From The Birth Certificate In The Name Of Equal Protection, Erin V. Podolny
Are You My Mother?: Removing A Gestational Surrogate’S Name From The Birth Certificate In The Name Of Equal Protection, Erin V. Podolny
University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class
No abstract provided.