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Articles 31 - 48 of 48
Full-Text Articles in Fourteenth Amendment
Due Process As Separation Of Powers, Nathan S. Chapman, Michael W. Mcconnell
Due Process As Separation Of Powers, Nathan S. Chapman, Michael W. Mcconnell
Scholarly Works
From its conceptual origin in Magna Charta, due process of law has required that government can deprive persons of rights only pursuant to a coordinated effort of separate institutions that make, execute, and adjudicate claims under the law. Originalist debates about whether the Fifth or Fourteenth Amendments were understood to entail modern “substantive due process” have obscured the way that many American lawyers and courts understood due process to limit the legislature from the Revolutionary era through the Civil War. They understood due process to prohibit legislatures from directly depriving persons of rights, especially vested property rights, because it was …
State-Created Property And Due Process Of Law: Filling The Void Left By Engquist V. Oregon Department Of Agriculture, Michael Wells, Alice Snedeker
State-Created Property And Due Process Of Law: Filling The Void Left By Engquist V. Oregon Department Of Agriculture, Michael Wells, Alice Snedeker
Scholarly Works
Several years ago, in Village of Willowbrook v. Olech, the Supreme Court recognized a 'class-of-one' Equal Protection theory, under which individuals charging that they were singled out for arbitrary treatment by officials may sue for vindication. Last term, in Engquist v. Oregon Department of Agriculture, the Court barred recourse to this type of claim on the part of government employees. The reasoning of Engquist, which emphasizes the discretionary nature of employment decisions, threatens to eliminate a wide range of class-of-one claims outside the employment area as well. There is a pressing need for an alternative. This article proposes another basis …
Second Class Delivery: The Elimination Of Birthright Citizenship As A Repeal Of "The Pursuit Of Happiness", Sara C. Barnhart
Second Class Delivery: The Elimination Of Birthright Citizenship As A Repeal Of "The Pursuit Of Happiness", Sara C. Barnhart
Georgia Law Review
In recent years, immigration has been at the forefront of political debate in the United States. In response to concerns over undocumented immigrants, some members of Congress have proposed the elimination of birthright citizenship. Eliminating birthright citizenship means that citizenship at birth would be based on the citizenship of one's parents rather than one's birth in U.S. territory. This Note demonstrates the historical nature of this U.S. immigration controversy by tracing similar movements throughout history. It documents the roots of the common law doctrine of birthright citizenship, followed by a discussion of the protection of citizenship status the Fourteenth Amendment's …
The Future Of Footnote Four, Dan T. Coenen
The Future Of Footnote Four, Dan T. Coenen
Georgia Law Review
The Supreme Court's decision in United States v. Carolene Products Co. generated the most famous footnote-and perhaps the most famous passage-in all of the American Judiciary's treatment of constitutional law. Among other things, Footnote Four suggested that "prejudice against discrete and insular minorities may be a special condition, which tends seriously to curtail the operation of those political processes ordinarily to be relied upon to protect minorities, and which may call for a correspondingly more searching judicial inquiry."' The importance of this principle cannot be overstated. It pervaded the work of the Warren Court2 and has played a prominent role …
Human Rights And Due Process Of Law, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
Human Rights And Due Process Of Law, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
Popular Media
One of our constitutional rights, the right to due process of law, is terra incognita to most Americans, even though it is one of the most important constitutional rights. This article discusses the history of this fundamental right.
Data Matching, Data Mining, And Due Process, Daniel J. Steinbock
Data Matching, Data Mining, And Due Process, Daniel J. Steinbock
Georgia Law Review
The Article concerns the governmental use of computerized data matching (comparison of records) and data mining (profiling),which increasingly are aimed at locating potential terrorists. The most striking aspect of virtually all anti-terrorist data matching and data mining decisions is the total absence of even the most rudimentary procedures for notice, hearing, or other opportunities for meaningful participation before, or even after, the deprivation is imposed. The Article evaluates under Fourth Amendment and due process standards a variety of law enforcement activities data matching or data mining might instigate. After reviewing these activities' potential effects on private, governmental, and accuracy interests, …
Equal Protection Of The Laws: Recent Judicial Decisions And Their Implications For Public Educational Institutions, Anne Dupre, John Dayton
Equal Protection Of The Laws: Recent Judicial Decisions And Their Implications For Public Educational Institutions, Anne Dupre, John Dayton
Scholarly Works
This article reviews recent judicial decisions concerning the Equal Protection Clause and provides an analysis of their implications for public educational institutions. The article begins by giving a brief historical overview of the Equal Protection Clause, its application to the states, and describes the three-tiered approach to challenges alleging government denial of equal protection of the laws. Recent applications of each tier are addressed by discussing Adarand v. Pena, Hopwood v. Texas, U.S. v. Virginia, and Romer v. Evans. The article concludes by noting that these recent cases have added to uncertainty concerning the Court’s interpretation of the Equal …
Governmental Inaction As A Constitutional Tort: Deshaney And Its Aftermath, Thomas A. Eaton, Michael Wells
Governmental Inaction As A Constitutional Tort: Deshaney And Its Aftermath, Thomas A. Eaton, Michael Wells
Scholarly Works
DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services is the Supreme Court's first major effort to define the scope of state and local governments' affirmative obligations under the fourteenth amendment. The Court rejected liability against a county welfare agency and a caseworker for failing to prevent a father from severely beating his four-year-old son. The Court intimated that constitutional affirmative duties exist only where the plaintiff is in the state's custody. Scholarly commentary reads the case as announcing a sweeping prohibition against the imposition of affirmative duties in other contexts. Professors Eaton and Wells demonstrate that the DeShaney opinion is …
Service Of Process Abroad: A Study Of The Adequate Notice Requirement, Jan H.F. Schamp
Service Of Process Abroad: A Study Of The Adequate Notice Requirement, Jan H.F. Schamp
LLM Theses and Essays
This LL.M. thesis provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the adequate notice requirement in transnational service of process, examining the interplay between United States constitutional standards, European Communities conventions, and international treaty law. The work begins with a functional analysis of service of process, tracing its dual role as an assertion of territorial jurisdiction and as a mechanism for defendant notification across the American legal system, traditional English Common Law, and the Civil Law tradition. It then undertakes a detailed comparison of the "due notice" requirement under the Due Process Clause of the United States Constitution with the analogous protections …
Equal Protection Limitations On Choice Of Law Decisions, Anne-Marie Witters
Equal Protection Limitations On Choice Of Law Decisions, Anne-Marie Witters
LLM Theses and Essays
In this paper, the author seeks to clarify the implications of contemporary Fourteenth Amendment theory for state autonomy in deciding conflict cases, concentrating on state discrimination against non-residents and aliens. The author argues that laws which distinguish locals from residents of other states should be reviewed under strict scrutiny, just as laws that discriminate against aliens. Also U.S. choice of law methodologies from both past and present are discussed, with the conclusion that modern theories violate the Equal Protection Clause of their systematic preference for forum residents and parochial results. After a review of the European conflicts system, the choice …
Substantive Due Process And The Scope Of Constitutional Torts, Michael L. Wells, Thomas A. Eaton
Substantive Due Process And The Scope Of Constitutional Torts, Michael L. Wells, Thomas A. Eaton
Scholarly Works
The thesis of this Article is that both the Supreme Court and its critics have failed to identify and confront the central issue presented by these due process constitutional tort cases. That issue is neither procedural fairness nor the choice between state and federal courts. It is deciding whether a government-inflicted injury to life, liberty, or property violates the substantive protections of the due process clauses and thereby warrants a constitutionally derived tort remedy. In Part II of this Article we examine the Supreme Court's decisions in this area, focusing primarily on Parratt v. Taylor. We demonstrate that neither Parratt …
In Their Own Image: The Reframing Of The Due Process Clause By The United States Supreme Court, J. Ralph Beaird
In Their Own Image: The Reframing Of The Due Process Clause By The United States Supreme Court, J. Ralph Beaird
Scholarly Works
A distinguished constitutional scholar recently pointed out that "many of the important decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States are not based on law in the popular sense of that term." It is true, he noted, that "the court endeavors to identify Constitutional clauses upon which to hang its pronouncements." "[S]ome key words and phrases in the Constitution," however, "are so highly indeterminate that they cannot really qualify as law in any usual sense." Rather, he said, "they are semantic blanks--verbal vacuums that may be filled readily with any one of many possible meanings." Thus, it is not …
Federalizing Through The Franchise: The Supreme Court And Local Government, R. Perry Sentell Jr.
Federalizing Through The Franchise: The Supreme Court And Local Government, R. Perry Sentell Jr.
Scholarly Works
Decisionmaking at the local government level has been significantly affected by both national legislation and federal court decisions seeking to protect the right to vote. Indeed, Professor Sentell feels that the Supreme Court, through decisions invalidating restrictions on the franchise, has involved itself to an unparalleled degree in heretofore purely local affairs. In examining these decisions, the author queries if legitimate voting regulations may be now imposed by local governments. In so doing he focuses upon the Court's equal protection analysis of extraordinary majority vote requirements and elections restricted to certain segments of the electorate and upon the expansive judicial …
Hawkins V. Town Of Shaw: The Court As City Manager, C. Ronald Ellington, Lawrence F. Jones
Hawkins V. Town Of Shaw: The Court As City Manager, C. Ronald Ellington, Lawrence F. Jones
Scholarly Works
For over one hundred years Congress and the federal courts have pursued the goal of racial equality in the United States. In areas such as voting rights, public accommodations, and housing, Congress and the courts have interacted closely, with broad judicial interpretations upholding major remedial legislation. Moreover, when confronted by official state sources of racial discrimination, courts have traditionally responded to the clear command of the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment without awaiting congressional action. Brown v. Board of Education stands as perhaps the best known instance in which a court has, on its own, ordered the elimination …
Civil Disobedience: Is It Justified?, W. T. Blackstone
Civil Disobedience: Is It Justified?, W. T. Blackstone
Georgia Law Review
THE question, "Is civil disobedience justified?", raises profound problems of ethics and legal and political philosophy. Perhaps a precise and general answer to this question is impossible, but in this Article I wish to elucidate the various components and aspects of this question so that, to whatever extent possible, it can be intelligibly formulated and answered. It seems plain that we first must have a clear-cut definition of what constitutes civil disobedience, and it is plainly the case that many discussions of the question of civil disobedience have been both confusing and unfruitful because the participants did not have an …
Human Rights: A Tide In The Affairs Of Men, Paul G. Kauper
Human Rights: A Tide In The Affairs Of Men, Paul G. Kauper
Georgia Law Review
MANY movements are discernible in these turbulent days of social change and revolution. Not the least is a great tidal movement, global in its dimensions, for the articulation, extension and more effective vindication of human rights. The celebration in 1968 of the twentieth anniversary of the adoption by the United Nations Assembly of the Declaration of Human Rights riveted special attention on the human rights movement and makes this subject particularly appropriate. Since the phrasing is so apt to describe the situation, I hope I shall be forgiven for cribbing a part of Shakespeare's familiar sentence and using it in …
The Continuing Challenge Of The Fourteenth Amendment, Thurgood Marshall
The Continuing Challenge Of The Fourteenth Amendment, Thurgood Marshall
Georgia Law Review
I HAVE come here to Athens tonight to help you commemorate a great event of the past. This year marks the centennial of an occurrence which has had, and will continue to have, great impact on the people in this room. It was in 1868, on July 28 to be exact, that Secretary of State Seward certified that the fourteenth amendment had been ratified by three-quarters of the states and had become part of the Constitution. This event is not simply an isolated historical landmark for the students of this school. Historically, the ratification of the Civil War Amendments marked …
The Supreme Court, The Individual And The Criminal Process, E. Hunter Taylor Jr.
The Supreme Court, The Individual And The Criminal Process, E. Hunter Taylor Jr.
Scholarly Works
The sweeping social changes presently occurring in this country are having important effects on the law. The impact of this philosophical revolution upon th elaw is manifesting itself most directly and vividly in the Supreme Court of the United States where the entire concept of "individual liberty and freedom" is undergoing far-reaching change. One of the most important changes is occurring in the development of constitutional rules of criminal procedure, particularly those applicable to the states through the fourteenth amendment. Most of the particular longstanding announced aims of the Court, e.g., protection against the conviction of the innocent and prevention …