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Articles 301 - 330 of 376

Full-Text Articles in Fourteenth Amendment

The Toll For Traveling Students: Durational-Residence Requirements For In-State Tuition After Saenz V. Roe, Douglas R. Chartier Dec 2005

The Toll For Traveling Students: Durational-Residence Requirements For In-State Tuition After Saenz V. Roe, Douglas R. Chartier

Michigan Law Review

After the excitement of getting into the college of her choice wears off, a student may soon wonder how she will pay for her newfound prize. Though higher education is almost always a sound investment given its potentially tremendous return and importance in getting a good job, the cost is daunting- sometimes even prohibitive-for many students. Public undergraduate and graduate schools are an attractive option for many students because of lower tuitions. Yet state universities deny many students the full measure of this benefit. Public universities usually charge significantly higher tuition rates to out-of-state students than in-state students. A nonresident …


In The Wake Of Gratz V. Bollinger: Standing On Thin Ice, 38 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1037 (2005), Zubaida Qazi Jan 2005

In The Wake Of Gratz V. Bollinger: Standing On Thin Ice, 38 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1037 (2005), Zubaida Qazi

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.


Hands Off Policy: Equal Protection And The Contact Sports Exemption Of Title Ix, Jamal Greene Jan 2005

Hands Off Policy: Equal Protection And The Contact Sports Exemption Of Title Ix, Jamal Greene

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

The disparity between what the Constitution permits of public schools and what Title IX permits of private ones is unquestionably stark. This Article calls this disparity into question. First, it asks under what circumstances, if any, allowance for sex discrimination in athletics may be justified under constitutional standards. Then, it considers the practical relevance of the disparity between how a school may lawfully discriminate under Title IX and how it may do so under the Equal Protection Clause. Finally, it offers a prescription for bringing into balance the gender equity messages sent by Title IX and the Constitution.


The Rule Of Law And The Achievement Of Unanimity In Brown, Stephen Ellmann Jan 2005

The Rule Of Law And The Achievement Of Unanimity In Brown, Stephen Ellmann

NYLS Law Review

No abstract provided.


Separate But Equal Education In The Context Of Gender, Isabelle Katz Pinzler Jan 2005

Separate But Equal Education In The Context Of Gender, Isabelle Katz Pinzler

NYLS Law Review

No abstract provided.


Brown V. Board Of Education, Footnote 11, And Multidisciplinarity, Michael Heise Jan 2005

Brown V. Board Of Education, Footnote 11, And Multidisciplinarity, Michael Heise

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Identifying State Actors In Constitutional Litigation: Reviving The Role Of Substantive Context, Michael L. Wells Nov 2004

Identifying State Actors In Constitutional Litigation: Reviving The Role Of Substantive Context, Michael L. Wells

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.


Brown Et Al. V. Board Of Education Of Topeka Et Al., 347 U.S. 483 (1954), Supreme Court Of The United States Apr 2004

Brown Et Al. V. Board Of Education Of Topeka Et Al., 347 U.S. 483 (1954), Supreme Court Of The United States

The Journal of Appellate Practice and Process

No abstract provided.


Are Single-Sex Schools Inherently Unequal?, Michael Heise Jan 2004

Are Single-Sex Schools Inherently Unequal?, Michael Heise

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


A Glimpse Behind And Beyond Grutter, Evan H. Caminker Jan 2004

A Glimpse Behind And Beyond Grutter, Evan H. Caminker

Articles

Many people have suggested that the recent battle over affirmative action was a defining moment for the contemporary relevance of Brown v. Board of Education and that it would determine the promise and potential for widespread societal integration. In my remarks, I want to comment upon a couple of comparisons and links between the Brown, Bakke, Grutter, and Gratz cases.


Righting The Canoe: Title Ix And The Decline Of Men's Intercollegiate Athletics, 37 J. Marshall L. Rev. 257 (2003), Andrew J. Boyd Jan 2003

Righting The Canoe: Title Ix And The Decline Of Men's Intercollegiate Athletics, 37 J. Marshall L. Rev. 257 (2003), Andrew J. Boyd

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.


Public School Assignment Methods After Grutter And Gratz: The View From San Francisco, David I. Levine Jan 2003

Public School Assignment Methods After Grutter And Gratz: The View From San Francisco, David I. Levine

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.


The Long Shadow Of The Confederacy In America's Schools: State-Sponsored Use Of Confederate Symbols In The Wake Of Brown V. Board, Kathleen Riley Feb 2002

The Long Shadow Of The Confederacy In America's Schools: State-Sponsored Use Of Confederate Symbols In The Wake Of Brown V. Board, Kathleen Riley

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

Critics of Confederate symbols have become increasingly vocal in recent years, forcing state and local governments to reevaluate their use of such symbols in public settings. This Note tracks the proliferation of Confederate symbols in American society since the 1950s, arguing that such use of these symbols, especially in the realm of public schools, stands in violation of the Constitution. Particularly, the Note analyzes the viability of possible legal remedies to school-sponsored racism based on the lack of government free speech rights, Thirteenth Amendment protections against "Badges of Inferiority," and Fourteenth Amendment claims under the Equal Protection and Due Process …


Freedom Of The Private-University Student Press: A Constitutional Proposal, 36 J. Marshall L. Rev. 139 (2002), Brian J. Steffen, John E. Ferguson Jan 2002

Freedom Of The Private-University Student Press: A Constitutional Proposal, 36 J. Marshall L. Rev. 139 (2002), Brian J. Steffen, John E. Ferguson

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.


Conscious Use Of Race As A Voluntary Means To Educational Ends In Elementary And Secondary Education: A Legal Argument Derived From Recent Judicial Decisions, Julie F. Mead Jan 2002

Conscious Use Of Race As A Voluntary Means To Educational Ends In Elementary And Secondary Education: A Legal Argument Derived From Recent Judicial Decisions, Julie F. Mead

Michigan Journal of Race and Law

This paper provides an in-depth examination of the ten recent court decisions concerning race-based student selection processes. As these cases will illustrate, school districts face increasing demands to justify any race-conscious selection process. The significance of meeting the demands and the implications for what appears to be an evolving legal theory is national in scope and broad in application. Some have even argued that some of these cases mark a departure away from the Court's thinking in Brown v. the Board of Education. It should also be noted that each of the cases mentioned above occurred in the context …


The Courts' Inconsistent Treatment Of Bethel V. Fraser And The Curtailment Of Student Rights, 36 J. Marshall L. Rev. 181 (2002), David L. Hudson Jan 2002

The Courts' Inconsistent Treatment Of Bethel V. Fraser And The Curtailment Of Student Rights, 36 J. Marshall L. Rev. 181 (2002), David L. Hudson

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.


Integration Without Classification: Moving Toward Race-Neutrality In The Pursuit Of Public Elementary And Secondary School Diversity, Paul Diller Aug 2001

Integration Without Classification: Moving Toward Race-Neutrality In The Pursuit Of Public Elementary And Secondary School Diversity, Paul Diller

Michigan Law Review

Ever since the Supreme Court's invalidation of racially segregated public schools in Brown v. Board of Education, America has wrestled with the challenge of successfully dismantling educational apartheid. In recent years, the federal judiciary has largely retreated from enforcing desegregation in school districts that were once under court supervision for engaging in intentional racial discrimination, finding that the vestiges of past discrimination have been satisfactorily ameliorated. In some such unitary school districts, as well as in districts in which no intentional segregation was ever identified by the courts, boards of education, have voluntarily implemented student assignment plans designed to increase …


Mary Daly V. Boston College: The Impermissibility Of Single-Sex Classrooms Within A Private University, Maryam Ahranjani Jan 2001

Mary Daly V. Boston College: The Impermissibility Of Single-Sex Classrooms Within A Private University, Maryam Ahranjani

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.


A General Theory Of Cultural Diversity, Steven A. Ramirez Jan 2001

A General Theory Of Cultural Diversity, Steven A. Ramirez

Michigan Journal of Race and Law

This Article seeks to extend the analysis of these developments in the corporate world to anti-discrimination law under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This Article will show that discrimination based upon cultural insights or experiences is distinct from race discrimination and will articulate a general theory of why and under what circumstances this holds true. The difference between culture-based discrimination and using culture as a proxy for race (Which would then be race discrimination) requires a careful and non-mythological understanding of what race is, and what race is not. Moreover, showing that culture discrimination is not prohibited …


When The Classroom Speaks: A Public University's First Amendment Right To A Race-Conscious Admissions Policy, Alfred B. Gordon Apr 2000

When The Classroom Speaks: A Public University's First Amendment Right To A Race-Conscious Admissions Policy, Alfred B. Gordon

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

No abstract provided.


Are State-Supported Historically Black Colleges And Universities Justifiable After Fordice?—A Higher Education Dilemma, John A. Moore Jan 2000

Are State-Supported Historically Black Colleges And Universities Justifiable After Fordice?—A Higher Education Dilemma, John A. Moore

Florida State University Law Review

No abstract provided.


The American 'Legal' Dilemma: Colorblind I/Colorblind Ii--The Rules Have Changed Again: A Semantic Apothegmatic Permutation, John C. Duncan Jr Jan 2000

The American 'Legal' Dilemma: Colorblind I/Colorblind Ii--The Rules Have Changed Again: A Semantic Apothegmatic Permutation, John C. Duncan Jr

Journal Publications

"Our Constitution is colorblind" initially meant that white majority preferences could not and should not be reflected in government action. The maxim now means race should not be reflected at all in government action. The answer to racism lies somewhere between well-reasoned "blind" hope and historically-proven skepticism. Part I of this Article discusses the ideal of the colorblind society; Part II discusses what this Article deems as Colorblind I. Part III places each colorblind argument in perspective, and seeks to illustrate that the concept of colorblindness could be an ideal, but has rather become meaningless rhetoric in an endless racial …


Race, Class, Caste…? Rethinking Affirmative Action, Clark D. Cunningham, N.R. Madhava Menon Mar 1999

Race, Class, Caste…? Rethinking Affirmative Action, Clark D. Cunningham, N.R. Madhava Menon

Michigan Law Review

Many who oppose affirmative action programs in the United States because they use "racial" categories such as black, African American, or Latino, claim that equally effective and more equitable programs can be developed using only class categories, such as "low income." A key test case for the "race v. class" debate is admission to law schools, made urgent by recent legal prohibitions on the use of "race" in the admission procedures to state universities in California, Washington, and Texas. An empirical study by Linda Wightman, the former director of research for the Law School Admissions Council (LSAC), has shown that …


Minority Preferences Reconsidered, Terrance Sandalow Jan 1999

Minority Preferences Reconsidered, Terrance Sandalow

Reviews

During the academic year 1965-66, at the height of the civil rights movement, the University of Michigan Law School faculty looked around and saw not a single African-American student. The absence of any black students was not, it should hardly need saying, attributable to a policy of purposeful exclusion. A black student graduated from the Law School as early as 1870, and in the intervening years a continuous flow of African-American students, though not a large number, had been admitted and graduated. Some went on to distinguished careers in the law.


Subtracting Sexism From The Classroom: Law And Policy In The Debate Over All-Female Math And Science Classes In Public Schools, Carolyn B. Ramsey Jan 1998

Subtracting Sexism From The Classroom: Law And Policy In The Debate Over All-Female Math And Science Classes In Public Schools, Carolyn B. Ramsey

Publications

No abstract provided.


Fighting Anti-Gay Abuse In Schools: The Opening Appellate Brief Of Plaintiff Jamie Nabozny In Nabozny V. Podlesny, Patricia M. Logue, David S. Buckel Jan 1997

Fighting Anti-Gay Abuse In Schools: The Opening Appellate Brief Of Plaintiff Jamie Nabozny In Nabozny V. Podlesny, Patricia M. Logue, David S. Buckel

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

In Nabozny v. Podlesny, 92 F.3d 446 (7th Cir. 1996), a case of first impression, the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals recognized the constitutional right of a gay male public school student to equal protection from anti-gay harassment and assaults. The court held that Jamie Nabozny had stated equal protection claims against his school district and three school principals for gender and sexual orientation discrimination based on allegations that, because he is gay and a boy, defendants had failed to afford him the same kinds of protection given to other harassed students. At trial on remand a jury found …


Equal Protection Of The Laws: Recent Judicial Decisions And Their Implications For Public Educational Institutions, Anne Dupre, John Dayton Jan 1997

Equal Protection Of The Laws: Recent Judicial Decisions And Their Implications For Public Educational Institutions, Anne Dupre, John Dayton

Scholarly Works

This article reviews recent judicial decisions concerning the Equal Protection Clause and provides an analysis of their implications for public educational institutions. The article begins by giving a brief historical overview of the Equal Protection Clause, its application to the states, and describes the three-tiered approach to challenges alleging government denial of equal protection of the laws. Recent applications of each tier are addressed by discussing Adarand v. Pena, Hopwood v. Texas, U.S. v. Virginia, and Romer v. Evans. The article concludes by noting that these recent cases have added to uncertainty concerning the Court’s interpretation of the Equal …


At Loggerheads: The Supreme Court And Racial Equality In Public School Education After Missouri V. Jenkins, Roberta M. Harding Apr 1996

At Loggerheads: The Supreme Court And Racial Equality In Public School Education After Missouri V. Jenkins, Roberta M. Harding

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

June 12th of 1995 marked a somber occasion in the annals of school desegregation litigation. On that day, the United States Supreme Court sent disturbing messages in its opinion in Missouri v. Jenkins. The Court's decision hinders achievement of the objective of school desegregation litigation—providing equal educational opportunities for African-American public school children—and detrimentally impacts other substantive areas of civil rights litigation. This article examines what I believe are several important general consequences of Jenkins's the impairment of a trial judge's discretionary equitable remedial powers; the Court's establishment of a new agenda that sacrifices the interests of African-American …


Assessing The Efficacy Of School Desegregation, Michael Heise Jan 1996

Assessing The Efficacy Of School Desegregation, Michael Heise

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Forty Years In The Desert, Paul F. Campos Jan 1995

Forty Years In The Desert, Paul F. Campos

Publications

The author uses Brown v. Board of Education and the volumes of commentary it has provoked to illustrate that coherent constitutional interpretation is a useless exercise. He argues that the decision should be accepted as political reality and moral necessity and that we should cease debating its merit as constitutional interpretation.