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First Amendment Commons™

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2009

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Articles 91 - 120 of 154

Full-Text Articles in First Amendment

Thomas Jefferson, We Have A Problem: The Unconstitutionality Nature Of The U.S.'S Aerospace Export Control Regime As Supposed By Bernstein V. U.S. Department Of Justice , Mike N. Gold Jan 2009

Thomas Jefferson, We Have A Problem: The Unconstitutionality Nature Of The U.S.'S Aerospace Export Control Regime As Supposed By Bernstein V. U.S. Department Of Justice , Mike N. Gold

Cleveland State Law Review

All men are created equal, except aerospace workers. This was not how the Declaration of Independence was written, but it is how the U.S. government is currently enforcing its aerospace-related export control restrictions. Specifically, under the auspices of the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (“ITAR”)1 those in the aerospace workforce have unwittingly surrendered their First Amendment rights to free speech. This article will describe how the Ninth Circuit case of Bernstein v. U.S. Department of Justice2 clearly demonstrates the unconstitutional nature of the ITAR and will recommend reforms that would bring America's export control regime back into line with the …


A New Originalism: Adoption Of A Grammatical Interpretive Approach To Establishment Clause Jurisprudence After District Of Columbia V. Helle, Christopher A. Boyko Jan 2009

A New Originalism: Adoption Of A Grammatical Interpretive Approach To Establishment Clause Jurisprudence After District Of Columbia V. Helle, Christopher A. Boyko

Cleveland State Law Review

This thesis proposes an approach to Establishment Clause jurisprudence (and one applicable to constitutional interpretation as a whole) that maintains fidelity to the Constitution by confining the application and interpretation of explicit text to the strictures of well-established norms of grammar and usage. It will begin by analyzing the disparities created through the addition or substitution of super-textual language to the clause through the use of surrogate concepts, and will demonstrate that any such method of constitutional adjudication becomes unworkable and incoherent once such tests utilize surrogate concepts and terminology. Through grammatical exegesis will emerge the theory that the Religion …


Culture, Religion, And Indigenous People, David Bogen, Leslie F. Goldstein Jan 2009

Culture, Religion, And Indigenous People, David Bogen, Leslie F. Goldstein

Maryland Law Review

No abstract provided.


Regulating Robocalls: Are Automated Calls The Sound Of, Or A Threat To, Democracy, Jason C. Miller Jan 2009

Regulating Robocalls: Are Automated Calls The Sound Of, Or A Threat To, Democracy, Jason C. Miller

Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review

African-American voters receive a phone message implying that they are not registered to vote. Others hear "an almost threatening male voice," a "fake New York accent," factual distortions about legislation, false endorsements from controversial groups, calls promoting one candidate claiming to be from his opponent, and a constant barrage of annoying phone calls designed to make voters think a different candidate was sponsoring them. These messages were delivered through automated political telephone calls, also known as robocalls. Robocalls are cheap and efficient--one can deliver a pre-recorded message through 100,000 automated phone calls in one hour for only $2000. Consequently, robocalls …


Nobody's Fools: The Rational Audience As First Amendment Ideal, Lyrissa Lidsky Jan 2009

Nobody's Fools: The Rational Audience As First Amendment Ideal, Lyrissa Lidsky

Faculty Publications

Assumptions about audiences shape the outcomes of First Amendment cases. Yet the Supreme Court rarely specifies what its assumptions about audiences are, much less attempts to justify them. Drawing on literary theory, this Article identifies and defends two critical assumptions that emerge from First Amendment cases involving so-called "core" speech. The first is that audiences are capable of rationally assessing the truth, quality, and credibility of core speech. The second is that more speech is generally preferable to less. These assumptions, which I refer to collectively as the rational audience model, lie at the heart of the "marketplace of ideas" …


No Tears For Creon, Marc O. Degirolami Jan 2009

No Tears For Creon, Marc O. Degirolami

Scholarly Articles

This essay critiques Professor Martha Nussbaum's book, Liberty of Conscience: In Defense of America's Tradition of Religious Equality (2008). Nussbaum's thesis is that the entire tradition of religious liberty in America can be both best understood (as a historical exercise) and justified (as a philosophical one) by recourse to the overarching principle of equal respect-that "[a]ll citizens have equal rights and deserve equal respect from the government under which they live." Nussbaum insists that equal respect pervades the tradition and that all other values of religious liberty are subordinate to it. She examines various free-exercise and establishment issues in light …


Betraying Truth: Ethics Abuse In Middle East Reporting, Kenneth Lasson Jan 2009

Betraying Truth: Ethics Abuse In Middle East Reporting, Kenneth Lasson

All Faculty Scholarship

This article presents a brief overview of press freedom under the First Amendment, attempts to create a working definition of media “objectivity,” examines various codes of professional ethics for journalists, and analyzes specific cases in which such standards have allegedly been abused or abandoned in Middle East reporting.


Symposium - The Maryland Constitutional Law Schmooze - Foreword: Our Paradoxical Religion Clauses, Mark A. Graber Jan 2009

Symposium - The Maryland Constitutional Law Schmooze - Foreword: Our Paradoxical Religion Clauses, Mark A. Graber

Maryland Law Review

No abstract provided.


Constitutional Faith And Dynamic Stability: Thoughts On Religion, Constitutions, And Transitions To Democracy, David Gray Jan 2009

Constitutional Faith And Dynamic Stability: Thoughts On Religion, Constitutions, And Transitions To Democracy, David Gray

Maryland Law Review

No abstract provided.


Like A Hole In The Head, Lief H. Carter Jan 2009

Like A Hole In The Head, Lief H. Carter

Maryland Law Review

No abstract provided.


Miranda, Dickerson, And Jewish Legal Theory: The Constitutional Rule In A Comparative Analytical Framework, Samuel J. Levine Jan 2009

Miranda, Dickerson, And Jewish Legal Theory: The Constitutional Rule In A Comparative Analytical Framework, Samuel J. Levine

Maryland Law Review

No abstract provided.


Biblical Interpretation, Constitutional Interpretation, And Ignoring Text, Henry L. Chambers Jr. Jan 2009

Biblical Interpretation, Constitutional Interpretation, And Ignoring Text, Henry L. Chambers Jr.

Maryland Law Review

No abstract provided.


The Rules Against Scandal And What They Mean For The First Amendment’S Religion Clauses, Marci A. Hamilton Jan 2009

The Rules Against Scandal And What They Mean For The First Amendment’S Religion Clauses, Marci A. Hamilton

Maryland Law Review

No abstract provided.


The Dueling First Amendments: Government As Funder, As Speaker, And The Establishment Clause, Carol Nackenoff Jan 2009

The Dueling First Amendments: Government As Funder, As Speaker, And The Establishment Clause, Carol Nackenoff

Maryland Law Review

No abstract provided.


Atmospheric Harms In Constitutional Law, Frederick Mark Gedicks Jan 2009

Atmospheric Harms In Constitutional Law, Frederick Mark Gedicks

Maryland Law Review

No abstract provided.


Justice Sutherland Reconsidered, 62 Vand. L. Rev. 639 (2009), Samuel R. Olken Jan 2009

Justice Sutherland Reconsidered, 62 Vand. L. Rev. 639 (2009), Samuel R. Olken

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.


The First Amendment Right Against Compelled Listening, Caroline Mala Corbin Jan 2009

The First Amendment Right Against Compelled Listening, Caroline Mala Corbin

Articles

This Article argues for a new First Amendment right: the right against compelled listening. Free speech jurisprudence - which already recognizes the right to speak, the right to listen, and the right against compelled speech - is incomplete without the right against compelled listening. The same values that underlie the other free speech rights also lead to this right. Furthermore, this claim holds true regardless of whether one conceives of the primary purpose of the Free Speech Clause as creating a marketplace of ideas, enhancing participatory democracy, or promoting individual autonomy. The Article starts by examining the protection afforded to …


The Unconstitutionality, Ineffectiveness, And Alternatives Of Gang Injunctions, Thomas A. Myers Jan 2009

The Unconstitutionality, Ineffectiveness, And Alternatives Of Gang Injunctions, Thomas A. Myers

Michigan Journal of Race and Law

Gang violence across America puts in jeopardy the peace and tranquility of neighborhoods. Cities are challenged to keep their communities safe from gang violence. One common way in which cities attempt to combat violent gang activity is by using gang injunctions. Gang injunctions are court orders that prohibit gang members from conducting already-illegal activities such as vandalism, loitering, and use or possession of illegal drugs or weapons within a defined area. These injunctions, however, also prohibit otherwise legal activity such as associating with others within the restricted area of the injunction, using words or hand gestures, and wearing certain clothing. …


Aligning Judicial Elections With Our Constitutional Values: The Separation Of Powers, Judicial Free Speech, And Due Process, Jason D. Grimes Jan 2009

Aligning Judicial Elections With Our Constitutional Values: The Separation Of Powers, Judicial Free Speech, And Due Process, Jason D. Grimes

Cleveland State Law Review

This Note consists of five Parts. Part II traces the historical development of state judicial elections from the perspective of the Framers' doctrine of separation of powers. It shows that judicial elections were borne more of historical contingency than constitutional design. Part II then assesses the recent history of elections to the Ohio Supreme Court. It determines that Ohio's judicial elections share two problems with many other states: millions of dollars given to judicial candidates by special interests likely to appear before the court, and candidates' broad freedom of speech to earn the political and financial support of these special …


Trade Secret Litigation And Free Speech: Is It Time To Restrain The Plaintiffs?, Elizabeth A. Rowe Jan 2009

Trade Secret Litigation And Free Speech: Is It Time To Restrain The Plaintiffs?, Elizabeth A. Rowe

UF Law Faculty Publications

Trade secret misappropriation litigation is often criticized for its negative effects on competition and speech. In particular, some accuse plaintiff trade secret owners of filing complaints for the purpose of running competitors out of business, or restraining individuals from discussing matters which are unfavorable. This Article enters the discussion to critically assess whether there is reason to consider restricting these actions. It concludes that trade secret litigation on the whole does not inappropriately impinge on speech rights. Even if certain cases come closer to offending defendants' free speech rights, these occasions and the concerns they raise are not unique to …


Equality And The Free Exercise Of Religion , Bret Boyce Jan 2009

Equality And The Free Exercise Of Religion , Bret Boyce

Cleveland State Law Review

Part I of this Article begins with a brief overview of Supreme Court case law on free exercise exemptions, which provides a background for modern historical and normative debates. Part II examines the original understanding of the Religion Clauses, which proponents of “substantive neutrality” claim supports their position. This Part rejects that claim, concluding that the limited evidence of the original understanding of the First Amendment and the Fourteenth Amendment (under which current doctrine makes the First Amendment's guarantees applicable to the states) does not provide a firm basis for resolving modern debates over exemptions, but is at least as …


State Government—The Arkansas Freedom Of Information Act—Public Or Private Record: A Simple Distinction Threatens The Future Of Open Government In Arkansas, Pulaski County V. Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, Inc., 371 Ark. 214, 264 S.W.3d 465 (Ark. Oct. 4, 2007)., Geoffrey D. Neal Jan 2009

State Government—The Arkansas Freedom Of Information Act—Public Or Private Record: A Simple Distinction Threatens The Future Of Open Government In Arkansas, Pulaski County V. Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, Inc., 371 Ark. 214, 264 S.W.3d 465 (Ark. Oct. 4, 2007)., Geoffrey D. Neal

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.


The Chill Bill: The Hate Crimes Prevention Act Of 2007 And The Forgotten Dangers To The First Amendment, Hank Gates Jan 2009

The Chill Bill: The Hate Crimes Prevention Act Of 2007 And The Forgotten Dangers To The First Amendment, Hank Gates

Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest

This comment will address whether the Hate Crimes Prevention Act is unconstitutionally overbroad in violation of the First Amendment because it threatens to chill protected speech. Part II will outline the text of the House Bill 1592 as passed by the House of Representatives. Part III will outline the United States Supreme Court's overbreadth doctrine in its current form and the Supreme Court's major decisions on hate crime legislation in the past. Part IV will evaluate the potential dangers that the Act, in its current form, poses to protected speech. Ultimately, this comment concludes that Congress can draft hate crimes …


In The Matter Of Ottinger V. Non-Party The Journal News, Daniel Haier Jan 2009

In The Matter Of Ottinger V. Non-Party The Journal News, Daniel Haier

NYLS Law Review

No abstract provided.


Teaching Freedom: Exclusionary Rights Of Student Groups, Joan W. Howarth Jan 2009

Teaching Freedom: Exclusionary Rights Of Student Groups, Joan W. Howarth

Scholarly Works

Progressive, anti-subordination values support robust First Amendment protection for high school and university students, including strong rights of expressive association, even when those rights clash with educational institutions' nondiscrimination policies. The leading cases addressing the conflicts between nondiscrimination policies and exclusionary student groups are polarized and distorted by their culture war context. That context tainted the leading authority, Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, and is especially salient in the student expressive association cases, many of which are being aggressively litigated by religious groups with strong anti-homosexuality goals. The strength of these First Amendment claims can be difficult to recognize …


The Chill Bill: The Hate Crimes Prevention Act Of 2007 And The Forgotten Dangers To The First Amendment, Hank Gates Jan 2009

The Chill Bill: The Hate Crimes Prevention Act Of 2007 And The Forgotten Dangers To The First Amendment, Hank Gates

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

This comment will address whether the Hate Crimes Prevention Act is unconstitutionally overbroad in violation of the First Amendment because it threatens to chill protected speech. Part II will outline the text of the House Bill 1592 as passed by the House of Representatives. Part III will outline the United States Supreme Court's overbreadth doctrine in its current form and the Supreme Court's major decisions on hate crime legislation in the past. Part IV will evaluate the potential dangers that the Act, in its current form, poses to protected speech. Ultimately, this comment concludes that Congress can draft hate crimes …


A 'Ho New World: Raced And Gendered Insult As Ersatz Carnival And The Corruption Of Freedom Of Expression Norms, Lolita Buckner Inniss Jan 2009

A 'Ho New World: Raced And Gendered Insult As Ersatz Carnival And The Corruption Of Freedom Of Expression Norms, Lolita Buckner Inniss

Publications

Carnivalization, a concept developed by literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin and later employed in broad social and cultural contexts, is the tearing down of social norms, the elimination of boundaries, and the inversion of established hierarchies. It is the world turned upside down. Ersatz carnival is a pernicious, inverted form of carnival, one wherein counter-discourses propounded by outsiders are appropriated by elites and frequently redeployed to silence and exclude those same outsiders. The use of the slur "'ho" by gangsta' rappers in the performance of songs that articulate a vision of urban culture is an example of carnivalization. Thus, when words …


A Confused Concern Of The First Amendment: The Uncertain Status Of Constitutional Protection For Individual Academic Freedom, Neal H. Hutchens Jan 2009

A Confused Concern Of The First Amendment: The Uncertain Status Of Constitutional Protection For Individual Academic Freedom, Neal H. Hutchens

Educational Policy Studies and Evaluation Faculty Publications

The question of whether the First Amendment protects the individual academic freedom of faculty members at public colleges and universities has resulted in divergent views among courts and legal scholars. In joining the ongoing discourse regarding constitutional protection for academic freedom, this article considers using academic freedom policies and standards voluntarily adopted by institutions as a basis to provide First Amendment protection for faculty speech at public colleges and universities. The article proposes that such policies present one alternative to help clear some of the legal fog regarding First Amendment protection for individual academic freedom, especially in relation to the …


Students’ Free Speech Rights Shed At The Cyber Gate, Vivian Lei Jan 2009

Students’ Free Speech Rights Shed At The Cyber Gate, Vivian Lei

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Education is one of the most important functions of the government. Because public schools are under the control of state and local authorities, the administrators and teachers of these schools are subject to requirements established in the United States Constitution. For example, for more than thirty years, the Supreme Court has supported the due process rights of students facing a deprivation of liberty and property interests in education.


Turkey: At The Crossroads Of Secular West And Traditional East, Padideh Ala'i Jan 2009

Turkey: At The Crossroads Of Secular West And Traditional East, Padideh Ala'i

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

On January 9, 2008 Washington College of Law at American University sponsored a conference entitled: Turkey: At the Crossroads of Secular West and Traditional East. This conference was percipitated by the recent election of the AKP party in Turkey and my trip to Turkey in summer 2007. In this short introduction to the American University International law Review symposium issue, I summarize the major issues raised in that one day conference specifically by Dean Haluk Kabaalioglu of Yeditepe University Facutly of Law, expert on EU law and Turkish-EU relations,and Professor Feroz Ahmad, the learned historian of modern Turkey. The aim …