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Articles 91 - 120 of 265
Full-Text Articles in First Amendment
Religion-Based Peremptory Challenges After Batson V. Kentucky And J.E.B. V. Alabama: An Equal Protection And First Amendment Analysis, Benjamin Hoorn Barton
Religion-Based Peremptory Challenges After Batson V. Kentucky And J.E.B. V. Alabama: An Equal Protection And First Amendment Analysis, Benjamin Hoorn Barton
Michigan Law Review
This Note argues that under Batson, J.E.B., the First Amendment, and the Equal Protection Clause, religion-based peremptory challenges are unconstitutional. This Note asserts that the analysis of governmental religious discrimination, such as a peremptory challenge, is the same under either the First Amendment or the Equal Protection Clause because both apply strict scrutiny to purposeful government discrimination.
Part I examines Batson and J.E.B. in greater detail and states a model for analyzing discriminatory peremptory challenges in which such challenges are treated as intentional governmental discrimination subject to heightened scrutiny. Part II argues that under the First Amendment, intentional governmental …
Strangers On A Train, Peirre N. Leval
Strangers On A Train, Peirre N. Leval
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Make No Law: The Sullivan Case and the First Amendment by Anthony Lewis
Girls Lean Back Everywhere: The Law Of Obscenity And The Assault On Genius, Anne E. Gilson
Girls Lean Back Everywhere: The Law Of Obscenity And The Assault On Genius, Anne E. Gilson
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Girls Lean Back Everywhere: The Law of Obscenity and the Assault on Genius by Edward de Grazia
Free Speech For Me—But Not For Thee: How The American Left And Right Relentlessly Censor Each Other, Bradley L. Smith
Free Speech For Me—But Not For Thee: How The American Left And Right Relentlessly Censor Each Other, Bradley L. Smith
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Free Speech for Me—But Not for Thee: How the American Left and Right Relentlessly Censor Each Other by Nat Hentoff
The Integration Of Religious Liberty, John Witte Jr.
The Integration Of Religious Liberty, John Witte Jr.
Michigan Law Review
A Review of A Nation Dedicated to Religious Liberty: The constitutional Heritage of the Religion Clauses by Arlin M. Adams and Charles J. Emmerich
Imagining A Free Press, Geoffrey R. Stone
Imagining A Free Press, Geoffrey R. Stone
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Images of a Free Press by Lee C. Bollinger
Transforming Free Speech: The Ambiguous Legacy Of Civil Libertarianism, Gregory P. Magarian
Transforming Free Speech: The Ambiguous Legacy Of Civil Libertarianism, Gregory P. Magarian
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Transforming Free Speech: The Ambiguous Legacy of Civil Libertarianism by Mark A. Graber
The Meaning Of Dissent, Lee C. Bollinger
The Meaning Of Dissent, Lee C. Bollinger
Michigan Law Review
A Review of The First Amendment, Democracy, and Romance by Steven H. Shiffrin
Structural Free Exercise, Mary Ann Glendon, Raul F. Yanes
Structural Free Exercise, Mary Ann Glendon, Raul F. Yanes
Michigan Law Review
In Part I of this article, we analyze the development of case law interpreting the religious freedom language of the First Amendment from the 1940s to the eve of the rights revolution as a casualty of the piecemeal approach to incorporation, compounded by a series of judicial lapses and oversights. Part II deals with the fate of the Religion Clause in the era of the rights revolution, when the free exercise and establishment provisions were deployed in the service of a constitutional agenda to which they were, in themselves, largely peripheral. The current period of doctrinal change is the subject …
Making Sense Of Billboard Law: Justifying Prohibitions And Exemptions, R. Douglass Bond
Making Sense Of Billboard Law: Justifying Prohibitions And Exemptions, R. Douglass Bond
Michigan Law Review
Part I of this Note surveys the trends in the aesthetic regulation of billboards, culminating in the Supreme Court of California's decision in Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego, and the Supreme Court's review of that decision. Part II analyzes the five Metromedia opinions in order to present properly the contemporary debate over billboard law. It inquires whether a sign prohibition should hinge on the commercial or noncommercial status of the targeted signs. Part III indicates how ambiguities in the Metromedia plurality opinion have produced the conflict in lower courts between the commercial/noncommercial distinction and the onsite/ off …
The New Politics Of Pornography, René L. Todd
The New Politics Of Pornography, René L. Todd
Michigan Law Review
A Review of The New Politics of Pornography by Donald A. Downs
Invasion Of Privacy: The Cross Creek Trial Of Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Laura J. Hines
Invasion Of Privacy: The Cross Creek Trial Of Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Laura J. Hines
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Invasion of Privacy: The Cross Creek Trial of Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings by Patricia Nassif Acton
A Prior Restraint By Any Other Name: The Judicial Response To Media Challenges Of Gag Orders Directed At Trial Participants, René L. Todd
A Prior Restraint By Any Other Name: The Judicial Response To Media Challenges Of Gag Orders Directed At Trial Participants, René L. Todd
Michigan Law Review
Gag orders directed at trial participants do not directly intrude into the media's editorial process, but instead result in a reduction of the total communication available regarding trial proceedings. In this way, participant-directed gag orders are effective, albeit indirect, restraints upon the media. This Note examines the dynamics of these participant-directed restrictions and their consequent effect upon the media. Part I examines participant-directed gag orders in relation to traditional prior restraint doctrine. After discussing the history of prior restraint doctrine and the present standard of prior restraint analysis, Part I relates efforts by courts to apply. prior restraint doctrine to …
Public Response To Racist Speech: Considering The Victim's Story, Mari J. Matsuda
Public Response To Racist Speech: Considering The Victim's Story, Mari J. Matsuda
Michigan Law Review
The threat of hate groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the neo-Nazi skinheads goes beyond their repeated acts of illegal violence. Their presence and the active dissemination of racist propaganda means that citizens are denied personal security and liberty as they go about their daily lives. Professor Richard Delgado recognized the harm of racist speech in his breakthrough article, Words That Wound, in which he suggested a tort remedy for injury from racist words. This Article takes inspiration from Professor Delgado's position, and makes the further suggestion that formal criminal and administrative sanction - public as opposed to private …
American Broadcasting And The First Amendment, René L. Todd
American Broadcasting And The First Amendment, René L. Todd
Michigan Law Review
A Review of American Broadcasting and the First Amendment by Lucas A. Powe, Jr.
Harry Kalven, The Proust Of The First Amendment, Lee Bollinger
Harry Kalven, The Proust Of The First Amendment, Lee Bollinger
Michigan Law Review
A Review of A Worth Tradition: Freedom of Speech in America by Harry Kalven, Jr.
Free Speech And The "Acid Bath": An Evaluation And Critique Of Judge Richard Posner's Economic Interpretation Of The First Amendment, Peter J. Hammer
Free Speech And The "Acid Bath": An Evaluation And Critique Of Judge Richard Posner's Economic Interpretation Of The First Amendment, Peter J. Hammer
Michigan Law Review
Part I of this Note introduces the mechanics of the model Judge Posner has developed to determine whether restrictions upon speech should be upheld. Part II evaluates and critiques Posner's method from an internal perspective. This is first done by examining the theoretical foundations and assumptions of his economic perspective. This part then turns to testing the output and conclusions of the model to determine how successfully the theory can be turned into practice. Part III constitutes an external critique of Posner's model. This part addresses the question of whether the first amendment should be thought of in economic terms. …
The Apologetics Of Suppression: The Regulation Of Pornography As Act And Idea, Steven G. Gey
The Apologetics Of Suppression: The Regulation Of Pornography As Act And Idea, Steven G. Gey
Michigan Law Review
The first three parts of this article discuss in detail the relationship between the Supreme Court's obscenity rulings and the academic theories that have been offered to bolster the conclusions reached by the Court in this area. Part IV of the article considers a contrary theory of free expression that requires constitutional protection for the dissemination and possession of pornography. In this section I argue that the present efforts to ban pornography are directly linked to a tolerance model of free expression. The tolerance model, which is usually contrasted with an analytical approach characterized by Holmesian skepticism, necessarily relies upon …
Public Prayer And The Constitution, Ethan M. Posner
Public Prayer And The Constitution, Ethan M. Posner
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Public Prayer and the Constitution by Rodney K. Smith
The Believer And The Powers That Are, Elizabeth Ferguson
The Believer And The Powers That Are, Elizabeth Ferguson
Michigan Law Review
A Review of The Believer and the Powers That Are by John T. Noonan, Jr.
Symbols, Perceptions, And Doctrinal Illusions: Establishment Neutrality And The "No Endorsement" Test, Steven D. Smith
Symbols, Perceptions, And Doctrinal Illusions: Establishment Neutrality And The "No Endorsement" Test, Steven D. Smith
Michigan Law Review
Section I of this article briefly describes the emergence and development of the "no endorsement" test. Section II then seeks to show that the test is deficient as doctrine, and thus incapable of providing the clarity and coherence that current doctrine so sorely lacks. Section III considers various likely theoretical justifications for the "no endorsement" proposal, including the justification advanced by Justice O'Connor, and concludes that these justifications, like the test itself, are seriously flawed. This conclusion provokes a question: If the "no endorsement" test is doctrinally deficient and without theoretical justification, why has it elicited such widespread enthusiasm? Section …
Restricting Adult Access To Material Obscene As To Juveniles, Ann H. Coulter
Restricting Adult Access To Material Obscene As To Juveniles, Ann H. Coulter
Michigan Law Review
This Note considers whether state regulations that restrict juvenile access to material that is obscene as to minors unconstitutionally encroach upon the first amendment rights of adults. Part I briefly describes the Court's opinion in Ginsberg. Part II introduces the "O'Brien analysis" and discusses the aspects of juvenile access restrictions that tend to make O'Brien scrutiny applicable. In this context the frequently relaxed judicial review of governmental restrictions on sexually related material will be discussed. Having concluded that the O'Brien analysis is applicable to access restrictions, Part III applies the test and ultimately concludes that juvenile access restrictions survive …
Law. Liberalism And Free Speech, M. Sean Laane
Law. Liberalism And Free Speech, M. Sean Laane
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Law, Liberalism and Free Speech by D.F.B. Tucker
Tolerance Theory And The First Amendment, James L. Oakes
Tolerance Theory And The First Amendment, James L. Oakes
Michigan Law Review
A Review of The Tolerant Society: Free Speech and Extremist Speech in America by Lee C. Bollinger
Freedom Of Speech, Melissa H. Maxman
Freedom Of Speech, Melissa H. Maxman
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Freedom of Speech by Eric Barendt
American Indian Sacred Religious Sites And Government Development: A Conventional Analysis In An Unconventional Setting, Mark S. Cohen
American Indian Sacred Religious Sites And Government Development: A Conventional Analysis In An Unconventional Setting, Mark S. Cohen
Michigan Law Review
For centuries, American Indians have regarded specific lands as essential to their livelihood, government, culture, and religion. Congress and the courts have at times recognized the important relationship between tribes and their lands. Recognition has not always coincided with protection; during the nineteenth century and part of the twentieth century a series of governmental actions resulted in the tribes surrendering title and possession to many of their ancestral lands. Recently, however, American Indians have become increasingly active litigants in a variety of contexts. In one set of cases, Indians challenged government development projects on public lands, contending that because the …
Intentional Infliction Of Emotional Distress By Spiritual Counselors: Can Outrageous Conduct Be "Free Exercise"?, Lee W. Brooks
Intentional Infliction Of Emotional Distress By Spiritual Counselors: Can Outrageous Conduct Be "Free Exercise"?, Lee W. Brooks
Michigan Law Review
Part I explains the extent to which courts are competent to decide the threshold question of whether particular conduct is religious. Part II describes the balancing test put forward by the Supreme Court for evaluating free exercise claims, and derives criteria relevant to spiritual counseling from cases involving such claims. Part III summarizes the pertinent criteria and reviews the ways they may be employed to systematize the treatment of spiritual counseling cases.
Religion And The Burger Court, Rex E. Lee
Religion And The Burger Court, Rex E. Lee
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Religion, State and the Burger Court by Leo Pfeffer
Interpretations Of The First Amendment, Abner S. Greene
Interpretations Of The First Amendment, Abner S. Greene
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Interpretations of the First Amendment by
Levy Vs. Levy, David A. Anderson
Levy Vs. Levy, David A. Anderson
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Emergence of a Free Press by Leonard W. Levy