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Articles 91 - 120 of 149
Full-Text Articles in First Amendment
New Criticisms Of The Libel-Proof Plaintiff Doctrine , Wayne M. Serra
New Criticisms Of The Libel-Proof Plaintiff Doctrine , Wayne M. Serra
Cleveland State Law Review
This paper will explore the libel-proof plaintiff doctrine and examine it in light of traditional standing and jurisdictional principles. Part II of this paper discusses the origin of the libel-proof doctrine and its application. Part III explores the general requirements for diversity actions in the federal district courts, the application of state law to those actions, and the impact of the First Amendment on state libel law. Part IV discusses standing to sue principles and analyzes the libel-proof plaintiff doctrine in light of those principles. Part V discusses some criticisms of the libel-proof plaintiff doctrine. Finally, Part VI concludes that …
Lisa Herdahl And Religious Liberty , Nadine Strossen
Lisa Herdahl And Religious Liberty , Nadine Strossen
Cleveland State Law Review
Introduction of the ACLU’s Roger Baldwin Medal of Liberty Award honoree, detailing her specific struggle and outlining the larger national picture her case reflected.
Petition For Writ Of Certiorari, Northeast Ohio Coalition For The Homeless, Et Al., V. City Of Cleveland, 522 U.S. 931 (1997), Kevin F. O'Neill, David Goldberger, Raymond V. Vasvari, Joan M. Englund
Petition For Writ Of Certiorari, Northeast Ohio Coalition For The Homeless, Et Al., V. City Of Cleveland, 522 U.S. 931 (1997), Kevin F. O'Neill, David Goldberger, Raymond V. Vasvari, Joan M. Englund
Law Faculty Briefs and Court Documents
No abstract provided.
Suppressed History Or Distorted History? A Review Of Rosenfeld's The American Aurora, Arthur R. Landever
Suppressed History Or Distorted History? A Review Of Rosenfeld's The American Aurora, Arthur R. Landever
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
A book review of Richard N Rosenfeld, American Aurora: A Democratic-Republican Returns: The Suppressed History of Our Nation's Beginnings and the Heroic Newspaper That Tried to Report It, Macmillan, 1997.
Application Of U.S. Supreme Court Doctrine To Anonymity In The Networld, George H. Carr
Application Of U.S. Supreme Court Doctrine To Anonymity In The Networld, George H. Carr
Cleveland State Law Review
There are still many issues to be resolved about the Internet's unique status as a media technology and its legal status under current law. Debate over the propriety, necessity, and legality of anonymous speech has been protracted and pervasive. Indeed, this debate has extended to all corners of the Internet. The main source material for this Note is the recent case of McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Comm'n, in which the Supreme Court confirmed its continuing commitment to preservation of the right to free speech, and interpreted the First Amendment to protect much anonymous speech. This Note will quantify how the …
Joining A Cult: Religious Choice Or Psychological Aberration, Dena S. Davis
Joining A Cult: Religious Choice Or Psychological Aberration, Dena S. Davis
Journal of Law and Health
In this article, I will analyze the different theories about "cult" membership and conversion, specifically focusing upon whether or not conversions to cults ought to be respected by the law in the same way that the law respects conversion to be respected by the law in the same way that the law respects conversion to and membership in, mainstream religions. In section II, I attempt (unsuccessfully) to define a "cult". In section III, I discuss the civil liberties issues surrounding "cults" and the public furor they have engendered. In section IV, I discuss the different and competing theories about why …
Bad News, Good News For The First Amendment, In Supreme Court Review Of The 1993-94 Term,, David F. Forte
Bad News, Good News For The First Amendment, In Supreme Court Review Of The 1993-94 Term,, David F. Forte
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
With the passage of the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act (F.A.C.E.), and the Supreme Court’s decision in NOW v. Scheidler, pro-life activists who engage in civil disobedience will suffer far greater legal disabilities than have been placed upon other protest movements in American history. But following Madsen, pro-life demonstrators can now take advantage of protections not previously articulated by the Court. So long as they do not engage in repetitive illegalities, pro-life demonstrators can count on strong First Amendment guarantees.
Counter-Demonstration As Protected Speech: Finding The Right To Confrontation In Existing First Amendment Law, Kevin F. O'Neill, R. Vasvari
Counter-Demonstration As Protected Speech: Finding The Right To Confrontation In Existing First Amendment Law, Kevin F. O'Neill, R. Vasvari
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
Accordingly, this Article is aimed at disentangling lines of precedent that are all too frequently entwined by urging an analysis of public protest cases that distinguishes among the four regulatory players. Thus, this Article devotes separate sections to the regulatory roles of legislators,16 administrators,17 judges,18 and police,19 with an introductory section on the doctrinal bedrock in this field: the public forum doctrine.20
Rhetoric, Evidence, And Bar Agency Restrictions On Speech By Attorneys, Lloyd B. Snyder
Rhetoric, Evidence, And Bar Agency Restrictions On Speech By Attorneys, Lloyd B. Snyder
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
There are two problems with permitting litigation about attorney speech to proceed without requiring bar disciplinary agencies to present empirical data or other evidence to support claims that restrictions on attorney speech are necessary. First, the history of bar association restrictions on attorney speech should make us skeptical that the bar rules are based on lofty ideals about protection of the public. The restrictions began as rules promulgated by elite corporate lawyers whose effect was to limit the activities of their less affluent brethren who were representing criminal defendants and other impoverished clients. The purpose of the rules was to …
Courts Take Close Look At Adult Use Regs, Alan C. Weinstein
Courts Take Close Look At Adult Use Regs, Alan C. Weinstein
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
Regulations imposed on "adult businesses" by state or local government raise serious constitutional issues because the First Amendment's guarantee of freedom of expression extends to sexually oriented media. This article provides an update on recent adult business cases dealing with locational restrictions, public indecency laws, licensing requirements, and public health regulations.
The First Amendment: When The Government Must Make Content-Based Choices, Erwin Chemerinsky
The First Amendment: When The Government Must Make Content-Based Choices, Erwin Chemerinsky
Cleveland State Law Review
Thus, I focus my attention on the problem of the First Amendment when the government must make content-based choices. I want to divide my remarks into four parts. I begin by reviewing the traditional bedrock rule of the First Amendment: The government cannot regulate speech based on its content. Second, I identify a broad range of cases where this rule cannot apply because the government must make content-based choices. Third, I suggest that the usual First Amendment principles are not helpful in analyzing these cases. Finally, I offer some initial thoughts about directions for dealing with this problem.
Free Speech By The Light Of A Burning Cross, Jerome O'Callaghan
Free Speech By The Light Of A Burning Cross, Jerome O'Callaghan
Cleveland State Law Review
For scholars of the First Amendment this case is an excellent example of the dilemmas posed by many of the doctrines created by the Court. While Justice Scalia proposes an elaborate and novel understanding of the limits of free speech regulation, Justice White responds with an assertion that Scalia's reasoning is "transparently wrong," and that his opinion is a "radical revision of First Amendment law." According to Justice Stevens, the majority opinion is no more than "an adventure in a doctrinal wonderland." Part II of this paper examines the attacks made by Justices White and Stevens against the majority opinion. …
The Myth Of Ministry Vs. Mortar: A Legal & Policy Analysis Of Landmark Designation Of Religious Institutions, Alan C. Weinstein
The Myth Of Ministry Vs. Mortar: A Legal & Policy Analysis Of Landmark Designation Of Religious Institutions, Alan C. Weinstein
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
This Article proposes to examine the conflict between religious institutions and landmark preservation groups at both its empirical and normative levels. Part I of the Article provides an overview of historic preservation. It traces the development of the historic preservation movement, describes the standards and procedures commonly found in preservation ordinances, and discusses briefly the seminal cases in this field. Part II then attempts to answer three questions: (1) how extensive is the conflict between religious institutions and landmark commissions; (2) what has been the response of state and local legislatures to the conflict; and (3) what legal doctrines have …
Report Of The Subcommittee On First Amendment And Land Use, Alan C. Weinstein, Edward H. Ziegler Jr.
Report Of The Subcommittee On First Amendment And Land Use, Alan C. Weinstein, Edward H. Ziegler Jr.
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
In recent years, there has been a marked expansion in the types of uses, both commercial and nonprofit, that challenge land-use regulations on First Amendment grounds. This expansion is occurring for two reasons. First, "land use and the first amendment" is a developing area in the law. As is typical of developing areas in the law, litigants are encouraged to bring cases because the law is unsettled and they hope to create significant new rights. Second, a number of societal factors have coalesced to create a greater potential for conflict when government regulates the use of land. In part, this …
First Amendment And Land Use, In Recent Developments In Land Use, Planning, And Zoning, Alan C. Weinstein
First Amendment And Land Use, In Recent Developments In Land Use, Planning, And Zoning, Alan C. Weinstein
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
Once again in the past year, the U.S. Supreme Court has entered an opinion involving the first amendment that has significant ramifications for local zoning and planning. This marks the third time since 1986 that the Court has handed down a decision in this field. The most important development in this area of the law since last year's committee report is the Supreme Court's decision in FW/PBS, Inc. v. City of Dallas, which addressed the validity of a comprehensive adult entertainment zoning and licensing ordinance enacted by Dallas in 1986. FW/PBS was followed with great interest because it marked the …
First Amendment And Land Use, In Recent Developments In Land Use, Planning, And Zoning, Alan C. Weinstein, Edward E. Ziegler Jr.
First Amendment And Land Use, In Recent Developments In Land Use, Planning, And Zoning, Alan C. Weinstein, Edward E. Ziegler Jr.
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
In the mid-1980s, the focus in this area of the law was on nuisance closures and license revocation actions affecting adult bookstores and other kinds of establishments where either obscenity or illicit sexual activities were taking place. In our last committee report focusing on the first amendment area we reported on those areas of the law in light of the Supreme Court's decision in Arcara v. Cloud Books, Inc. Since then, there has been one important Fifth Circuit decision, FW/PBS Inc. v. City of Dallas, that the Supreme Court has agreed to review, with a decision expected in 1989. There …
New Rules For Zoning Adult Uses: The Supreme Court's Renton Decision, Alan Weinstein
New Rules For Zoning Adult Uses: The Supreme Court's Renton Decision, Alan Weinstein
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
This term, for the third time in 10 years, the U.S. Supreme Court considered the validity of zoning that restricts the location or operation of businesses that trade in sexually oriented books, magazines, movies, or entertainment. Restrictions on such "adult businesses" raise serious constitutional issues because the First Amendment's guarantee of freedom of speech extends to sexually oriented media so long as the material is not considered obscene. In the latest case, City of Renton v. Playtime Theatres, 106 S.Ct. 925 (1986), 38 ZD 258, the Court upheld a zoning ordinance that limited the location of theaters exhibiting adult movies …
Attitudinal And Legal Factors In Professional Advertising, Ruth Bogatyrow Kraft
Attitudinal And Legal Factors In Professional Advertising, Ruth Bogatyrow Kraft
Journal of Law and Health
This Article is concerned with advertising by professionals, a phenomenon which has taken on greater importance and become more controversial as its impact has grown over the past decade. Part II of this Article discusses the legal precedents which permitted the development of professional advertising in general. In Part III the body of literature concerning professional and consumer attitudes towards promotional behavior is reviewed. Part IV presents and evaluates the initial results of a survey of plastic surgeons. The promotional attitudes of plastic surgeons are an especially interesting subject of study, as advertising by this medical sub-specialty presents in a …
Student Publications, The First Amendment, And State Speech, T. D. Buckley Jr.
Student Publications, The First Amendment, And State Speech, T. D. Buckley Jr.
Cleveland State Law Review
The lower federal courts and state courts have been applying the first amendment in student press cases arising at public colleges and high schools since 1967. But ordinary first amendment analysis is inadequate in most student press disputes. As a result the courts in some cases have been unable to articulate satisfactorily the bases for good decisions. And in other cases the real issues generated in student press litigations have been ignored. This Article evaluates the cases so far decided, and proposes a new approach to student press disputes which would rationalize what the courts have intuitively done correctly in …
Billboards, Aesthetics, And The First Amendment: Municipal Sign Regulation After Metromedia, Alan Weinstein
Billboards, Aesthetics, And The First Amendment: Municipal Sign Regulation After Metromedia, Alan Weinstein
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
In Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego, 453 U.S. 490 (1981), 33 ZD 238, the U.S. Supreme Court, although sharply divided, held that states and municipalities could regulate signs and billboards to reduce traffic hazards and improve a community's appearance, but cautioned that regulations which imposed too many restrictions on protected First Amendment rights to freedom of speech would be struck down. The nine Supreme Court justices wrote five separate opinions in Metromedia, struggling to find a workable accommodation between free speech guarantees and the deference normally granted to a municipality's exercise of the police power.' This article, after …
The Flag Salute Cases And The First Amendment, Stephen W. Gard
The Flag Salute Cases And The First Amendment, Stephen W. Gard
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
The flag salute cases have been a source of endless fascination for legal and historical scholars. Most of this large body of scholarship has focused on the apparent oddity of Justice Frankfurter's view that there was no constitutional infirmity in the "petty tyranny" of a governmental requirement that school children engage in a hypocritical affirmation of belief. Unfortunately, the doctrinal importance of the opinions of Justices Jackson and Frankfurter in the flag salute cases as contrasting statements on the interpretation of the freedom of speech guarantee of the first amendment and the function of the judiciary in preserving our most …
The Ambush Interview: A False Light Invasion Of Privacy, Kevin F. O'Neill
The Ambush Interview: A False Light Invasion Of Privacy, Kevin F. O'Neill
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
The ''ambush" interview is a controversial investigative reporting technique permeating both national and local television news programming. In the typical ambush interview, a reporter and his news crew intercept an unsuspecting newsworthy subject on the street and bombard him with incriminating accusations ostensibly framed as questions. The ambush interviewee inevitably appears guilty before the viewing audience. This is due to a variety of forces, including the subject's severe credibility disadvantage and the accusatory nature of the reporter's questions. This Note applies a false light invasion of privacy analysis to the ambush technique and examines the nexus between the technique and …
Regulating Pornography: Recent Legal Trends, Alan C. Weinstein
Regulating Pornography: Recent Legal Trends, Alan C. Weinstein
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
Since the Supreme Court's 1976 decision in Young v. American Mini Theaters, Inc., 427 U.S. 50 (1976) local governments have been permitted to single out adult bookstores and theaters for special regulatory treatment.' In the wake of Young, many municipalities enacted "pornography zoning" ordinances based on the Detroit dispersion model. Observing this trend in 1978, the Harvard Law Review noted that these municipalities were interpreting Young as approving pornography zoning as constitutionally acceptable "in nearly all circumstances." 2 This interpretation seemed incorrect, however, to the Review's editors: "Detroit's pornography zoning was found to satisfy three established First Amendment criteria; future …
Constitutional Issues In The Regulation Of The Financing Of Election Campaigns, Archibald Cox
Constitutional Issues In The Regulation Of The Financing Of Election Campaigns, Archibald Cox
Cleveland State Law Review
The decisions sustaining campaign expenditures by corporations and organized groups are libertarian in the superficial sense that they sustain claims under the first amendment. Their effect, however, is to increase the influence of organized groups, especially of groups with access to money, and to diminish the voice of the individual. If liberty means the opportunity of the individual man or woman to express himself or herself in a society in which ideas are judged principally by their merit, increasing the relative influence of organizations and shrinking the attention paid to individual voices means a net loss of human freedom.
Reverse Freedom Of Information Act Litigation In A Non-Commercial Setting: The Case Of Professor Doe, Lawrence A. Silver
Reverse Freedom Of Information Act Litigation In A Non-Commercial Setting: The Case Of Professor Doe, Lawrence A. Silver
Cleveland State Law Review
So complex are the questions of what the right of privacy is, and when and how it can be invoked, that special precautions must be taken to prevent an article dealing with it from drifting off into the fascinating but misty realms of metaphysical speculation. This Article will deal with an important issue raised but not answered by the Federal Freedom of Information and Privacy Acts: the rights of a private party who seeks to prevent the federal government from releasing information concerning him.
Snepp V. United States, Frederick W. Whatley
Snepp V. United States, Frederick W. Whatley
Cleveland State Law Review
On February 19, 1980. the Supreme Court handed downs its decision in the case of Snepp v. United States. The Court based its decision on the writs of certiorari filed by Snepp and the government. There were no briefs or oral arguments on the merits of the case. The above quotes serve as more than a mere backdrop to the Snepp case. Whether the decision was rendered out of a concern that the actions of persons such as Mr. Agee may lead to the deaths of Central Intelligence Agency (hereinafter sometimes referred to as CIA) operatives, such as Mr. Welch's …
Free Speech Rights Of Public School Teachers: A Proposed Balancing Test, Janis L. Reynolds
Free Speech Rights Of Public School Teachers: A Proposed Balancing Test, Janis L. Reynolds
Cleveland State Law Review
This Note will advocate that freedom of speech should be extended to public school teachers, in the sense of curricular and extracurricular activities. As recent federal cases have held, the teacher is to be treated no differently from other citizens regarding free speech matters.
The Fairness Doctrine: Fair To Whom, Loretta T. Menkes
The Fairness Doctrine: Fair To Whom, Loretta T. Menkes
Cleveland State Law Review
This Note contends that the fairness doctrine, as presently applied, fails to meet its legislative purpose and violates constitutionally protected rights. This Note will examine the standards and policies established by the FCC as judicially approved in Red Lion Broadcasting, Inc. v. FCC and American Sec. Council Educ. Foundation v. FCC. Practical application of these standards and policies will be explored in three categories: 1) controversial issue programming; 2) commercial advertisements; and 3) political messages. Finally, a solution to the arbitrary and discriminatory application of this amorphous doctrine will be suggested.
Fighting Words As Free Speech, Stephen W. Gard
Fighting Words As Free Speech, Stephen W. Gard
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
It is now settled that "above all else, the first amendment means that government has no power to restrict expression because of its message, its ideas, its subject matter, or its content." Despite the universal acceptance of this general principle, the United States Supreme Court has created several exceptions. In appropriate cases libel, obscenity, commercial speech, and offensive language may be censored without contravention of the first amendment guarantee of freedom of expression. The source of each of these exceptions to the general principle of governmental neutrality regarding the content of expression is Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire.
Book Review, Stephen W. Gard
Book Review, Stephen W. Gard
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
The author reviews Justice Hugo Black and the First Amendment, edited by Everette E. Dennis, Donald M. Gillmor and David L. Grey.