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Full-Text Articles in First Amendment

Religion At A Public University, Gerard V. Bradley Jan 2008

Religion At A Public University, Gerard V. Bradley

Journal Articles

On March 6, 2007, the College of William & Mary announced a “compromise” solution to its polite civil war over the historic Wren Chapel. In a joint statement with President Gene Nichol, the Board of Visitors declared that permanent display of the Christian cross within the Chapel would resume. The cross would be moved, however, from its former place at center stage on the Chapel altar. Accompanying the elocated display would be a plaque “explaining the College's Anglican roots.” The compromise further provided that, when needed during certain worship services, the cross could be moved back to the altar. When …


Can There Really Be "Free Speech" In Public Schools?, Richard W. Garnett Jan 2008

Can There Really Be "Free Speech" In Public Schools?, Richard W. Garnett

Journal Articles

The Supreme Court's decision in Morse v. Frederick leaves unresolved many interesting and difficult problems about the authority of public-school officials to regulate public-school students' speech. Perhaps the most intriguing question posed by the litigation, decision, and opinions in More is one that the various Justices who wrote in the case never squarely addressed: What is the "basic education mission" of public schools, and what are the implications of this "mission" for officials' authority and students' free-speech rights. Given what we have come to think the Free Speech clause means, and considering the values it is thought to enshrine and …


Amending The Massachusetts Parental Notification Statute, Yuval Simchi-Levi Jan 2008

Amending The Massachusetts Parental Notification Statute, Yuval Simchi-Levi

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The note argues that the Massachusetts Parental Notification Statute, enacted in 1996, should be amended to explicitly permit public schools to teach about sexual orientation in the context of promoting tolerance without requiring parental notification. The statute's ambiguity regarding whether such discussions fall under "human sexual education or human sexuality issues" has led to hesitation among schools and legal challenges. The author contends that clarifying the statute would align it with Massachusetts' commitment to diversity and tolerance, as reflected in court rulings like Goodridge v. Department of Public Health.


Reconsidering Gobitis: An Exercise In Presidential Leadership, Robert L. Tsai Jan 2008

Reconsidering Gobitis: An Exercise In Presidential Leadership, Robert L. Tsai

Faculty Scholarship

In June of 1940, the Supreme Court ruled 8-1 in Minersville School District v. Gobitis that the First Amendment posed no barrier to the punishment of two school age Jehovah's Witnesses who refused to pay homage to the American flag. Three years later, the Justices reversed themselves in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette. This sudden change has prompted a host of explanations. Some observers have stressed changes in judicial personnel in the intervening years; others have pointed to the wax and wane of general anxieties over the war; still others have emphasized the sympathy-inspiring acts of …


First Amendment Decisions From The October 2006 Term, Erwin Chemerinsky, Marci A. Hamilton Jan 2008

First Amendment Decisions From The October 2006 Term, Erwin Chemerinsky, Marci A. Hamilton

Articles

No abstract provided.


Plainly Offensive Babel: An Analytical Framework For Regulating Plainly Offensive Speech In Public Schools, Jerry C. Chiang May 2007

Plainly Offensive Babel: An Analytical Framework For Regulating Plainly Offensive Speech In Public Schools, Jerry C. Chiang

Washington Law Review

The First Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees the right to free speech. The guarantee is not absolute, however, and the U.S. Supreme Court has said that the First Amendment does not fully protect student speech in public schools. In Bethel School District v. Fraser, the Court held that schools could regulate "plainly offensive" speech. Circuit courts have interpreted and applied Fraser in an inconsistent manner, disagreeing as to what constitutes plainly offensive speech. The resulting case law is confusing and fails to provide lower courts with a clear analytical framework for evaluating First Amendment challenges to regulations …


Plainly Offensive Babel: An Analytical Framework For Regulating Plainly Offensive Speech In Public Schools, Jerry C. Chiang May 2007

Plainly Offensive Babel: An Analytical Framework For Regulating Plainly Offensive Speech In Public Schools, Jerry C. Chiang

Washington Law Review

The First Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees the right to free speech. The guarantee is not absolute, however, and the U.S. Supreme Court has said that the First Amendment does not fully protect student speech in public schools. In Bethel School District v. Fraser, the Court held that schools could regulate "plainly offensive" speech. Circuit courts have interpreted and applied Fraser in an inconsistent manner, disagreeing as to what constitutes plainly offensive speech. The resulting case law is confusing and fails to provide lower courts with a clear analytical framework for evaluating First Amendment challenges to regulations …


School Speech V. School Safety: In The Aftermath Of Violence On School Campuses Throughout This Nation, How Should School Officials Respond To Threatening Student Expression?, Richard V. Blystone Mar 2007

School Speech V. School Safety: In The Aftermath Of Violence On School Campuses Throughout This Nation, How Should School Officials Respond To Threatening Student Expression?, Richard V. Blystone

Brigham Young University Education and Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Preaching From The State's Podium: What Speech Is Proselytizing Prohibited By The Establishment Clause?, Christian M. Keiner Mar 2007

Preaching From The State's Podium: What Speech Is Proselytizing Prohibited By The Establishment Clause?, Christian M. Keiner

Brigham Young University Journal of Public Law

No abstract provided.


King Solomon: Did The Supreme Court Make A Wise Decision In Upholding The Solomon Amendment In Rumsfeld V. Forum For Academic & Institutional Rights, Inc.?, Brook Bristow Mar 2007

King Solomon: Did The Supreme Court Make A Wise Decision In Upholding The Solomon Amendment In Rumsfeld V. Forum For Academic & Institutional Rights, Inc.?, Brook Bristow

Mercer Law Review

In a unanimous decision in Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic & Institutional Rights, Inc., the United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Solomon Amendment. The Court ruled that under the Solomon Amendment, military recruiters must be given the same access as nonmilitary recruiters on university campuses. The Court's holding clarified three First Amendment tangential freedom issues: (1) what is and what is not expressive conduct; (2) what constitutes compelled speech; and (3) what is meant by expressive association.


Hemlock In The Marketplace: How Freedom Of The Press For College Newspapers Poisons The First Amendment, 40 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1365 (2007), Michael Hopkins Jan 2007

Hemlock In The Marketplace: How Freedom Of The Press For College Newspapers Poisons The First Amendment, 40 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1365 (2007), Michael Hopkins

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.


First Amendment Freedom Of Speech And Expression: Ninth Circuit Holds That California Penal Code Section 148.6 Violates The First Amendment In Chaker V. Crogan, Harvey Gee Jan 2007

First Amendment Freedom Of Speech And Expression: Ninth Circuit Holds That California Penal Code Section 148.6 Violates The First Amendment In Chaker V. Crogan, Harvey Gee

Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal

The Ninth Circuit Court ruled that California Penal Code section 148.6, which criminalized knowingly filing false allegations of misconduct against peace officers, violated the First Amendment. The court determined that the law impermissibly targeted criticism of police officers, constituting a content-based restriction on speech, and thus was unconstitutional.


Institutional Academic Freedom Or Autonomy Grounded Upon The First Amendment: A Jurisprudential Mirage, Richard H. Hiers Jan 2007

Institutional Academic Freedom Or Autonomy Grounded Upon The First Amendment: A Jurisprudential Mirage, Richard H. Hiers

UF Law Faculty Publications

In recent decades, several federal judges and Supreme Court Justices have stated that, at some time or another in the past, the Court determined that public universities or their professional schools are entitled to institutional academic freedom (or institutional autonomy) under the First Amendment. Notwithstanding the views of many learned commentators, the Court has never so held. Concurring opinions and dicta do not constitute Constitutional law. This article traces the series of misattributions, misreadings and other errors that have contributed to the present peculiar state of confusion in regard to these matters.


Take Your Seats: A Student's Ability To Protest Immigration Reform At Odds With State Truancy And Compulsory Education Laws, Jason Scronic Jan 2007

Take Your Seats: A Student's Ability To Protest Immigration Reform At Odds With State Truancy And Compulsory Education Laws, Jason Scronic

Florida A & M University Law Review

No abstract provided.


Students And Workers And Prisoners - Oh, My! A Cautionary Note About Excessive Institutional Tailoring Of First Amendment Doctrine, Scott A. Moss Jan 2007

Students And Workers And Prisoners - Oh, My! A Cautionary Note About Excessive Institutional Tailoring Of First Amendment Doctrine, Scott A. Moss

Publications

First Amendment free speech doctrine has been called "institutionally oblivious" for ignoring how different institutions present different legal questions. This Article analyzes a little-discussed phenomenon in the growing literature about institutional context in constitutional law. With certain institutions, the situation is not institutional obliviousness but the opposite: extreme institutional tailoring of speech doctrine. The burden of proof ordinarily is on the government to justify speech restrictions, but in three institutions--public schools, workplaces, and prisons--courts allow heavy speech restrictions and defer to government officials. Even if these institutions need to restrict speech unusually often, why do we need different doctrine--institutionally tailored …


Rethinking Student Press In The 'Marketplace Of Ideas' After Hosty: The Argument For Encouraging Professional Journalistic Practices, Jacob H. Rooksby Jan 2007

Rethinking Student Press In The 'Marketplace Of Ideas' After Hosty: The Argument For Encouraging Professional Journalistic Practices, Jacob H. Rooksby

Law Faculty Publications

On February 21, 2006, the Supreme Court denied certiorari to Margaret L. Hosty, Jeni S. Porche, and Steven P. Barba, former student editors and staff writers of Illinois’ Governors State University (“GSU”) student newspaper, the Innovator. By denying their petition, the Court effectively ended the trio’s five-year legal battle in which they sought 42 U.S.C. § 1983 relief from Patricia Carter, Dean of Students at GSU. The students had argued that Dean Carter’s actions, which effectively required that they submit prospective issues of the Innovator to her office for administrative approval before going to press, violated their First Amendment …


Freedom Of The Press Box: Classifying High School Athletes Under The Gertz Public Figure Doctrine, Jonathan Deem Apr 2006

Freedom Of The Press Box: Classifying High School Athletes Under The Gertz Public Figure Doctrine, Jonathan Deem

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


The Right To Say No To Discrimination: A Commentary On Rumsfeld V. Fair, Zachary Wolfe Jan 2006

The Right To Say No To Discrimination: A Commentary On Rumsfeld V. Fair, Zachary Wolfe

The Modern American

No abstract provided.


Why Erzinger Could Be Revived: Are Mandatory Payments For University Insurance Plans Constitutional?, Adrian Martinez Jan 2006

Why Erzinger Could Be Revived: Are Mandatory Payments For University Insurance Plans Constitutional?, Adrian Martinez

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

No abstract provided.


Religious Liberty And The Law, Stephen Wermiel Jan 2006

Religious Liberty And The Law, Stephen Wermiel

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

No abstract provided.


Bureaucracy And Distrust: Germaneness And The Paradoxes Of The Academic Freedom Doctrine, Alan K. Chen Jan 2006

Bureaucracy And Distrust: Germaneness And The Paradoxes Of The Academic Freedom Doctrine, Alan K. Chen

University of Colorado Law Review

No abstract provided.


Chaos In Public Schools: Federal Courts Yield To Students While Administrators And Teachers Struggle To Control The Increasingly Violent And Disorderly Scholastic Environment, Michael C. Jacobson Jan 2006

Chaos In Public Schools: Federal Courts Yield To Students While Administrators And Teachers Struggle To Control The Increasingly Violent And Disorderly Scholastic Environment, Michael C. Jacobson

Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal

The note argues that the current legal standard for restricting students' First Amendment rights in public schools, established by Tinker v. Des Moines, is inadequate as it requires schools to wait for disruptions before acting, potentially leading to violence. It advocates for a more proactive approach, allowing schools to suppress speech if there is a reasonable likelihood of disruption, based on factors like past incidents or specific threats. This proposed standard aims to balance safety with free speech while prioritizing a secure learning environment.


Academic Freedom: Disciplinary Lessons From Hogwarts, Emily M. Calhoun Jan 2006

Academic Freedom: Disciplinary Lessons From Hogwarts, Emily M. Calhoun

Publications

No abstract provided.


Foreword, Richard B. Collins Jan 2006

Foreword, Richard B. Collins

Publications

No abstract provided.


Church Autonomy Is Not A Better Path To "Truth", Marci A. Hamilton Jan 2006

Church Autonomy Is Not A Better Path To "Truth", Marci A. Hamilton

Articles

No abstract provided.


Protecting Student Speech Rights While Increasing School Safety: School Jurisdiction And The Search For Warning Signs In A Post-Columbine/Red Lake Environment, Richard Salgado Dec 2005

Protecting Student Speech Rights While Increasing School Safety: School Jurisdiction And The Search For Warning Signs In A Post-Columbine/Red Lake Environment, Richard Salgado

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.


Freedom Of The Press: How University Newspapers Have Fared In The Face Of Challenges From Students, Administrators, Advertisers, And State Legislatures, Lisa Bohman Mar 2005

Freedom Of The Press: How University Newspapers Have Fared In The Face Of Challenges From Students, Administrators, Advertisers, And State Legislatures, Lisa Bohman

Brigham Young University Education and Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Dealing With Hate In The Feminist Classroom: Re-Thinking The Balance, Kathryn M. Stanchi Jan 2005

Dealing With Hate In The Feminist Classroom: Re-Thinking The Balance, Kathryn M. Stanchi

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

The goals of this essay are two-fold. First, by describing the experience the author had in Law and Feminism, the essay will show how hateful and harassing speech in a seminar devoted to issues of gender, race and sexuality can rob students of important educational experiences. The story of the author’s class is meant to remind legal educators and administrators of the concrete harm, both personal and educational, of hate speech. Too often the hate speech debate focuses on the theoretical and the abstract; participants forget that the principles at stake have demonstrable consequences for real people. Second, while this …


Forfeiting Liberty: A Collective Sense Of Vulnerability And The Need For Proactive Protection After 9/11, Ally Hack May 2004

Forfeiting Liberty: A Collective Sense Of Vulnerability And The Need For Proactive Protection After 9/11, Ally Hack

Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal

The note argues that the post-9/11 era has seen a significant erosion of civil liberties, particularly for Arab-Americans and Muslims, drawing parallels to historical episodes of national fear and paranoia, such as Japanese internment during World War II and McCarthyism. It contends that the U.S. response to the attacks, including the expansion of surveillance and detention powers under the USA PATRIOT Act, threatens First Amendment rights and democratic values. The analysis emphasizes the importance of protecting civil liberties and maintaining open debate, even during times of crisis, to ensure a stable and just society.


Access To Public School Facilities For Religious Expression By Students, Student Groups And Community Organizations: Extending The Reach Of The Free Speech Clause, Ralph D. Mawdsley Mar 2004

Access To Public School Facilities For Religious Expression By Students, Student Groups And Community Organizations: Extending The Reach Of The Free Speech Clause, Ralph D. Mawdsley

Brigham Young University Education and Law Journal

No abstract provided.