First Amendment Commons^™

Does Cutter V. Wilkinson Change The Analysis Of Mandated Dui Treatment Programs?: A Critical Response, Eric L. Sherbine

University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class

No abstract provided.

Chaos In Public Schools: Federal Courts Yield To Students While Administrators And Teachers Struggle To Control The Increasingly Violent And Disorderly Scholastic Environment, Michael C. Jacobson

Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal

The note argues that the current legal standard for restricting students' First Amendment rights in public schools, established by Tinker v. Des Moines, is inadequate as it requires schools to wait for disruptions before acting, potentially leading to violence. It advocates for a more proactive approach, allowing schools to suppress speech if there is a reasonable likelihood of disruption, based on factors like past incidents or specific threats. This proposed standard aims to balance safety with free speech while prioritizing a secure learning environment.

Exploring The Myths About The Ninth Circuit, Stephen Wermiel

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

No abstract provided.

The Future Of The Lemon Test: A Sweeter Alternative For Establishment Clause Analysis, Marcia S. Alembik

Georgia Law Review

For over three decades the Supreme Court has applied the three-pronged Lemon test to determine whether state actions violate the Establishment Clause. While the Lemon test remains the most widely accepted test for Establishment Clause analysis,the recent Supreme Court decisions of Van Orden v. Perry and McCreary County v. ACLU of Kentucky have highlighted the Court's ongoing unrest with its application. Although attempts at total replacement of the test have thus far proved unsuccessful, modifications and alternatives to the test and its individual prongs are continually introduced and applied. The Court's lack of a consistent, definite test for Establishment Clause …

The Judicial Experiment With Privatizing Religion, Gerard V. Bradley

Journal Articles

1984 was the high water mark of the U.S. Supreme Court's campaign to privatize religion - to strip public life bare of the sacred. It may also prove to be the mid-point: the "naked public square" was mandated by the Supreme Court in 1962, and there is good reason to think that now, in 2007, the Court might finally put an end to their misbegotten experiment.

"Privatization" of religion is tantamount to "secularism." Neither term denotes atheism, the claim that there is no God and that religion is, basically, an illusion. Privatization and secularism refer not to the denial of …

Public Availability Or Practical Obscurity: The Debate Over Public Access To Court Records On The Internet, Arminda Bradford Bepko

NYLS Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Supreme Court's Rhetorical Hostility: What Is "Hostile" To Religion Under The Establishment Clause?, Frank S. Ravitch

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Symbolic Counter-Speech, Howard M. Wasserman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Institutions Of Learning Or Havens For Illegal Activities: How The Supreme Court Views Libraries, 25 N. Ill. U. L. Rev. 1 (2004), Raizel Liebler

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

The role of libraries in American society is varied: libraries act as curators and repositories of American culture's recorded knowledge, as places to communicate with others, and as sources where one can gain information from books, magazines and other printed materials, as well as audio-video materials and the Internet. Courts in the United States have called libraries "the quintessential locus of the receipt of information, "'places that are "dedicated to quiet, to knowledge, and to beauty," and "a mighty resource in the free marketplace of ideas." These positive views of libraries are often in sharp contrast with views by some …

Musical Copyright Law: Past, Present And Future Of Online Music Distribution, Robert J. Delchin

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

First Amendment Equal Protection: On Discretion, Inequality, And Participation, Daniel P. Tokaji

Michigan Law Review

The tension between equality and discretion lies at the heart of some of the most vexing questions of constitutional law. The considerable discretion that many official decisionmakers wield raises the spectre that violations of equality norms will sometimes escape detection. This is true in a variety of settings, whether discretion lies over speakers' access to public fora, implementation of the death penalty, or the recounting of votes. Is the First Amendment violated, for example, when a city ordinance gives local officials broad discretion to determine the conditions under which political demonstrations may take place? Is equal protection denied where the …

Behind The Words: Interpreting The Hobbs Act Requirement Of "Obtaining Of Property From Another", 36 J. Marshall L. Rev. 295 (2003), Kristal S. Stippich

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

The First Amendment In The Seventh Circuit: 2002, 36 J. Marshall L. Rev. 807 (2003), Donald L. Beschle

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

What Does It Mean To Remain Silent?, Alexis Reed

Public Interest Law Reporter

No abstract provided.

Jon Newman’S Theory Of Disparagement And The First Amendment In The Administrative State, Edward L. Rubin

NYLS Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Business Of Expression: Economic Liberty, Political Factions And The Forgotten First Amendment Legacy Of Justice George Sutherland, 10 Wm. & Mary Bill Rts. J. 249 (2002), Samuel R. Olken

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

In The Business of Expression: Economic Liberty, Political Factions And The Forgotten First Amendment Legacy of Justice George Sutherland, Samuel Olken traces the dichotomy that emerged in constitutional law in the aftermath of the Lochner era between economic liberty and freedom of expression. During the 1930s, while a deeply divided United States Supreme Court adopted a laissez faire approach to economic regulation, it viewed with great suspicion laws that restricted the manner and content of expression. During this period, Justice George Sutherland often clashed with the majority consistently insisting that state regulation of private economic rights bear a close and …

The Courts' Inconsistent Treatment Of Bethel V. Fraser And The Curtailment Of Student Rights, 36 J. Marshall L. Rev. 181 (2002), David L. Hudson

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Brief Of The Becket Fund For Religious Liberty As Amicus Curiae In Support Of Petitioners, Richard W. Garnett, Kevin J. Hasson, Eric W. Treene, Roman P. Storzer, Anthony R. Picarello Jr.

Court Briefs

Nos. 00-1751, 00-1777, 00-1779
Susan Tave Zelman v. Doris Simmons-Harris

On Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

From the Summary of the Argument

Petitioners and other amici undoubtedly will address fully how the program at issue in this case should be upheld on the grounds that it involves the same principle that led to this Court upholding the aid in Mueller v. Allen, 463 U.S. 388 (1983), Witters v. Washington Dept. of Services for the Blind, 474 U.S. 481 (1986), and Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills Sch. Dist., 509 U.S. …

Constitutionality Of "No-Citation" Rules, Salem M. Katsh, Alex V. Chachkes

The Journal of Appellate Practice and Process

No-citation rules raise serious constitutional concerns. Assuming that it is constitutional to designate an opinion as nonprecedential, it is not constitutional to prohibit citing an opinion. No-citation rules are unconstitutional for two reasons. The first, citation prohibitions interfere with a litigant’s First Amendment right of speech and petition. Second, citation prohibitions violate the separation of powers.

The Supreme Court And The Establishment Clause At The Dawn Of The New Millennium: "Bristl[Ing] With Hostility To All Things Religious" Or Necessary Seperation Of Church And State?, Charles J. Russo, Ralph D. Mawdsley

Brigham Young University Education and Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Beyond Campaign Finance: The First Amendment Implications Of Nixon V. Shrink Missouri Pac, Christina E. Wells

Faculty Publications

This essay, however, is less concerned with the campaign finance aspects of Shrink than with the decision's broader implications. In the course of its decision, the Shrink Court not only obfuscated the standard of scrutiny applicable to contribution regulations, it effectively ignored the government's lack of factual support for the law, instead accepting the state's assertions at face-value. Consequently, Shrink is far more than a simple application of Buckley. Rather, it reflects fundamental problems with the Court's standards of review in First Amendment cases generally. The more global nature of Shrink's problems suggest that, despite scholarly focus on the Buckley …

Art: To Fund Or Not To Fund? That Is Still The Question, Sarah F. Warren

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Brief Amici Curiae Of Christian Legal Society And Union Of Orthodox Jewish Congregations Of America In Support Of Petitioners, Richard W. Garnett, Nathan J. Diament, Carl H. Esbeck

Court Briefs

No. 99-2036
The Good News Club v. Milford Central School

On Writ Of Certiorari To The United States Court Of Appeals For The Second Circuit

From the Summary of the Argument

The parties agree that Milford's Community Use Policy creates a limited public forum. See, e.g., Pet. A13 ("We think it clear that the Community Use Policy has created a limited public forum in the Milford school facilities."). And the parties agree that any content restrictions in such fora must be "viewpoint neutral" and constitutionally "reasonable." Pet. A14 & n.8 ("If the Club's use is not a 'religious use' but …

Bringing Structure To The Law Of Injunctions Against Expression, Christina E. Wells

Faculty Publications

Part I of this Article reviews the Court's cases regarding injunctions against speech, focusing first on the increasing elevation of rhetoric (as opposed to analysis) in the Court's prior restraint decisions. Part I also reviews the Court's other decisions involving injunctions and demonstrates that they too contain little, if any, analysis concerning the appropriateness of injunctive relief against expression. Part II examines Madsen's interaction with the Court's previous decisions and discusses how Madsen furthers the incoherence of the Court's previous cases. Part III explains that content discrimination principles, although superficially attractive, are inappropriate with injunctive relief because the content-based/content-neutral distinction's …

First Amendment—Campaign Finance Reform—The Supreme Court Halts The Eighth Circuit's Invalidation Of State Campaign Contribution Limits. Nixon V. Shrink Missouri Government Political Action Committee, 120 S. Ct. 897 (2000)., Erin Buford Vinett

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Court Decisions As Information Sources For Journalists: How Journalists Can Better Cover Appellate Decisions, F. Dennis Hale

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Petition For Writ Of Certiorari, Richard W. Garnett, Michael Stokes Paulsen, David C. Gibbs Jr., David C. Gibbs Iii, Charlotte A. Cover, Barbara J. Weller

Court Briefs

No. 00-131
K.D.M. v. Reedsport School District

On Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

From the Reasons for Granting the Writ

The Ninth Circuit conceded that the regulation at issue below " 'discriminates' against students in religious schools, i.e., treats them differently by denying them state services on the school grounds." KDM, 196 F.2d 1046, 1051 (9th Cir. 1999) (App. B at 11 a). This, then, is a case about admitted discrimination - discrimination against "religious ideas, religious people, [and] religious schools." Board of Educ. of Kiryas Joel v. …

The United Mall Of America: Free Speech, State Constitutions, And The Growing Fortress Of Private Property, Jennifer Niles Coffin

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

Scholars have called the shopping mall the modern replacement for the traditional town square, a claim that is supported by both public investment in infrastructure through municipal and state bond issues and by the presence of public services and events in many malls. Mall owners and tenants have exploited this quasi public character by inviting government agencies to become tenants in the malls ("City Hall at the Mall") despite claiming that malls are private property where constitutionally protected freedoms do not apply. After an initial and shortlived ruling that mall visitors do indeed have free speech rights, the Supreme Court …

Brief Of Amici Curiae Center For Education Reform Et. Al., In Support Of Appellants, Nicole Stelle Garnett, Richard W. Garnett, Paul D. Clement

Court Briefs

Nos. 00-3055, 00-3060, 00-3063
Doris Simmons-Harris v. Dr. Susan Tave Zelman

On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio Eastern Division

From the Introduction and Summary of Argument

As many scholars have recognized, and as far too many economically disadvantaged parents are painfully aware, many of our urban public schools fail to live up to the promise of Brown. Too many poor children are consigned, and their parents resigned, to unsafe and underperforming schools. But Cleveland's school-choice program empowers hundreds of parents, who likely would not otherwise have the choice, to decide whether …

Boerne And Buddhism: Reconsidering Religious Freedom And Religious Pluralism After Boerne V. Flores, 33 J. Marshall L. Rev. 689 (2000), Eric Pruitt

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.