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Articles 31 - 60 of 134
Full-Text Articles in Family Law
The Indian Child Welfare Act: Guiding The Determination Of Good Cause To Depart From The Statutory Placement Preferences, Denise L. Stiffarm
The Indian Child Welfare Act: Guiding The Determination Of Good Cause To Depart From The Statutory Placement Preferences, Denise L. Stiffarm
Washington Law Review
Since 1978, custody proceedings involving Indian children have been subject to the provisions of the Indian Child Welfare Act. The substantive provisions of the Act set forth placement preferences for state courts to follow when determining adoptive, preadoptive, and foster care placement of Indian children. While the Act directs that the preferences are to be followed in the absence of good cause to the contrary, it does not include a corresponding definition of what constitutes good cause. The result under this vague standard has been a lack of uniformity in state court treatment of the "good cause" determination. This Comment …
Preventing Bidding Wars In Washington Adoptions: The Need For Statutory Reform After In Re Dependency Of G.C.B., Shannon E. Phillips
Preventing Bidding Wars In Washington Adoptions: The Need For Statutory Reform After In Re Dependency Of G.C.B., Shannon E. Phillips
Washington Law Review
In In re Dependency of G.C.B., a Washington court of appeals held that an individual whose parental relationship was involuntarily terminated under the dependency statute lacks standing to later petition to adopt that same child. This Note argues that the Washington adoption statute would not necessarily prevent an equivocating parent who voluntarily relinquished her child from attempting to undo the finality of termination by later seeking to adopt. Nor does the statute effectively limit who can petition to adopt a child to individuals who have been chosen by the child's custodian or who have had the child placed with them. …
In Re Marriage Of Mcdole: Modifying Child Custody By Ignoring Statutory Grounds, Virginia A. Petersen
In Re Marriage Of Mcdole: Modifying Child Custody By Ignoring Statutory Grounds, Virginia A. Petersen
Washington Law Review
In In re Marriage of McDole, the Washington Supreme Court upheld the modification of a parenting plan that changed the primary residential parent. By relying in part on the mother's interference with visitation, the court not only undermined the important policy underlying the modification statute of maximizing finality in custody determinations, but it also failed to read the modification statute as a whole. The court also inappropriately relied on the mother's move out of the state and continued conflict between the parents. The court further failed to explicitly explain the legal bases for its decision, providing little guidance for future …
The Washington State Parenting Act In The Courts: Reconciling Discretion And Justice In Parenting Plan Disputes, Jane W. Ellis
The Washington State Parenting Act In The Courts: Reconciling Discretion And Justice In Parenting Plan Disputes, Jane W. Ellis
Washington Law Review
On July 8, 1993, the Washington Supreme Court handed down a decision construing the residential provision section of the Washington State Parenting Act. The case is significant for the children of divorcing parents in the State of Washington, and its importance extends beyond Washington because the supreme court's opinion is the first to interpret a key section of a law that has attracted national and international attention The case, In re Marriage ofKovacs, is an example of the sort of egregious injustice that can occur when a trial court fails to exercise its discretion in an appropriate manner and an …
For The Sake Of The Child: Moving Toward Uniformity In Adoption Law, Marja E. Selmann
For The Sake Of The Child: Moving Toward Uniformity In Adoption Law, Marja E. Selmann
Washington Law Review
Adoption is governed by state law, which varies dramatically among states, and thus encourages forum shopping and complicates interstate adoption. A new Uniform Adoption Act (UAA), likely to be completed and approved by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws in 1994, offers states the opportunity to move toward greater uniformity. The UAA balances all of the participants' interests while keeping the child's best interests foremost.
Scott V. Pacific West Mountain Resort: Erroneously Invalidating Parental Releases Of A Minor's Future Claim, Angeline Purdy
Scott V. Pacific West Mountain Resort: Erroneously Invalidating Parental Releases Of A Minor's Future Claim, Angeline Purdy
Washington Law Review
In Scott v. Pacific West Mountain Resort, the Washington Supreme Court held that parents do not have legal authority to waive their children's future claims for personal injuries caused by a third party's negligence. This Note argues that the court departed from Washington precedent and ignored the implications of existing Washington law. Moreover, the court erroneously analogized children's future claims to children's existing claims by failing to adequately analyze the differences between the two situations. This Note thus concludes that because parents can already waive their children's causes of action in many situations, they should be allowed to do so …
Of Gametes And Guardians: The Impropriety Of Appointing Guardians Ad Litem For Fetuses And Embryos, Susan Goldberg
Of Gametes And Guardians: The Impropriety Of Appointing Guardians Ad Litem For Fetuses And Embryos, Susan Goldberg
Washington Law Review
Recent advances in medical technology have caused some commentators and courts to perceive fetuses and embryos as separate entities, with rights independent of the women who carry them. Conduct of pregnant women that has been perceived to conflict with the interests of the fetuses they carry has been called into question. In some cases, courts have been forced to determine the juridical status of fetuses and embryos; in others, courts have appointed guardians ad litem to represent the "best interests" of these entities. This Article maintains that appointing guardians ad litem for fetuses and embryos is inappropriate. Fetuses and embryos …
Divorce, Taxes, And The 1984 Tax Reform Act: An Inadequate Response To An Old Problem, Roland L. Hjorth
Divorce, Taxes, And The 1984 Tax Reform Act: An Inadequate Response To An Old Problem, Roland L. Hjorth
Washington Law Review
This article analyzes in detail the provisions of the 1984 Tax Reform Act relating to property settlements and cash payments made pursuant to divorce. It concludes that the provisions relating to property settlements are, on balance, beneficial, but that the changes relating to alimony and child support are almost totally devoid of merit. The article recommends that sections 71 and 215 be amended to provide that all cash payments made pursuant to divorce should be income to the recipient if those payments meet the formal requirements of new section 71(b). Even if the payments are income to the recipient, however, …
The Community Property Law In Washington (Revised 1985), Harry M. Cross
The Community Property Law In Washington (Revised 1985), Harry M. Cross
Washington Law Review
The author has twice previously summarized the community property law of Washington. In the eleven years since the most recent effort there have been enough changes to warrant a repetition of the task. Much of the discussion in the 1974 article is still appropriate, needing only reference to any later cases; accordingly, some parts of this article will essentially be an updated and revised version of the earlier article. There are also areas, however, in which the more recent cases prompt a new, more extensive, or modified analysis. The article undertakes that new analysis as well as incorporating the appropriately …
Equitable Interest In Enhanced Earning Capacity: The Treatment Of A Professional Degree At Dissolution—In Re Marriage Of Washburn, 101 Wn. 2d 168, 677 P.2d 152 (1984), Helen A. Boyer
Washington Law Review
The Washington Supreme Court addressed this problem in In re Marriage of Washburn. The court held that a supporting spouse should be compensated for contributing to the attainment of a student spouse's degree. The court stated that such a contribution is a factor that trial courts must consider in dividing property or in awarding maintenance. It also held that trial courts must consider the future earning prospects of each spouse in making an award. Nonetheless, the court affirmed an award that was limited to restitution of direct expenditures and opportunity costs. A vigorous dissent argued that a professional degree is …
Community Property—Characterization Of The Inflationary Increase In The Value Of Separate Property Improved By Community Funds—In Re Marriage Of Elam, 97 Wn. 2d 811, 650 P.2d 213 (1982), Elizabeth Lacalli Wallin
Community Property—Characterization Of The Inflationary Increase In The Value Of Separate Property Improved By Community Funds—In Re Marriage Of Elam, 97 Wn. 2d 811, 650 P.2d 213 (1982), Elizabeth Lacalli Wallin
Washington Law Review
The Washington Supreme Court held that: (1) the increase in value of separate property is presumptively separate, unless the community claimant rebuts the presumption by direct and positive proof that community contributions caused the increase, and (2) the community is entitled to a share of the inflationary increase in the value of the separate property proportionate to the community contributions.
The Non-Lawyer Guardian Ad Litem In Child Abuse And Neglect Proceedings: The King County, Washington, Experience, Nancy Neraas
The Non-Lawyer Guardian Ad Litem In Child Abuse And Neglect Proceedings: The King County, Washington, Experience, Nancy Neraas
Washington Law Review
Part I of this Comment surveys the various theories of the role of the guardian ad litem in child abuse proceedings. Part II turns to the need for independent representation for abused children and the appropriate role of the guardian ad litem. It demonstrates that neither the state nor the parents can adequately protect the interests of abused children and concludes that a guardian ad litem plays an important role for the children. Part III outlines the Washington state child abuse legislation and discusses the use of guardians ad litem in Washington child abuse proceedings. This legislation provides the framework …
Community Property Law In The United States, By W.S. Mcclanahan (1982) And Community Property In The United States, By William A. Reppy, Jr. And Cynthia A. Samuel (1982), Harry M. Cross
Washington Law Review
These two books with almost identical titles serve similar purposes for two different audiences—the McClanahan treatise for the practicing lawyer, the Reppy and Samuel casebook for the law student (and professor). Both books present the current community property law of the several American states, and in both the coverage of the principles of community property law as that law has developed in the United States will facilitate comparative analysis. This coverage may also minimize the apparent provincialism of decisions in the several states, at least for those problems not already resolved and therefore constrained by stare decisis.
Jurisdiction, Standing, And Decisional Standards In Parent-Nonparent Custody Disputes—In Re Marriage Of Allen, 28 Wn. App. 637, 626 P.2d 16 (1981), Sandra R. Blair
Jurisdiction, Standing, And Decisional Standards In Parent-Nonparent Custody Disputes—In Re Marriage Of Allen, 28 Wn. App. 637, 626 P.2d 16 (1981), Sandra R. Blair
Washington Law Review
This Note contends that, based on the custody statute and relevant case law, the court of appeals should have answered these questions differently. The Note first proposes that, in a dissolution action, the trial court should have automatic jurisdiction only over the children born of that marriage. The court should have jurisdiction over other children only if they are not in the custody of either of their parents or if neither parent is a suitable custodian. Second, it proposes that a stepparent should not automatically have standing to seek custody of a child based on an in loco parentis relationship. …
Community Property—Washington Allows Separate Tort Recovery From Community Property—Deelche V. Jacobsen, 95 Wn. 2d 237, 622 P.2d 835 (1980), Elizabeth Jane Blagg
Community Property—Washington Allows Separate Tort Recovery From Community Property—Deelche V. Jacobsen, 95 Wn. 2d 237, 622 P.2d 835 (1980), Elizabeth Jane Blagg
Washington Law Review
With the deElche decision, Washington joined the majority of community property states, but did not address several important questions, which will be the subject of this note. This note begins by reviewing prior case law and the structure of community property ownership in general. An analysis of the majority and dissenting opinions in deElche follows. The majority's reasoning and the impact of the decision will then be analyzed. The note concludes that the deElche holding is basically sound, but that the lack of clarity in the opinion leaves several community property questions unsettled.
Actions For Loss Of Consortium In Washington: The Children Are Still Crying, Gino L. Gabrio
Actions For Loss Of Consortium In Washington: The Children Are Still Crying, Gino L. Gabrio
Washington Law Review
This comment examines the reasons advanced by Washington courts to deny children a cause of action for loss of parental consortium when a parent is negligently injured. It discusses the inconsistent positions that courts and legislatures have taken in awarding or refusing to award recovery for loss of consortium by various classes of plaintiffs, and argues that children, like parents and spouses, should also have a separate consortium action. This comment then proposes guidelines for legislation creating a child's consortium action that limits any dangers of permitting children to recover. Finally, this comment concludes that, if the legislature fails to …
A Property Theory Of Future Earning Potential In Dissolution Proceedings, Jon Andrew Chandler
A Property Theory Of Future Earning Potential In Dissolution Proceedings, Jon Andrew Chandler
Washington Law Review
State participation in domestic relations, particularly divorce, is a form of societal protection. When the state, through its courts or laws, establishes procedures for the dissolution of a marital community, society is assured a necessary continuity. Although an individual family unit may change, the laws governing divorce provide for preservation of the rights, privileges, and duties of the family relationship. The state accomplishes this first by allocating and establishing title to property of the marriage, and second by providing for the ongoing support of those who had been financially dependent upon the marital community. This comment begins by outlining state …
A Reappraisal Of The Taxation Of Wealth Transfers Incident To Divorce, John P. Steines
A Reappraisal Of The Taxation Of Wealth Transfers Incident To Divorce, John P. Steines
Washington Law Review
The intent of this article is to inspire a review of the entire area of wealth transfers incident to divorce; to take the scope of review beyond fixation on Davis, with the view of integrating the present regimes in a scheme that is less dependent on the subtle and often invisible distinction between support and property rights. The article discusses first, the purpose of the rules governing periodic cash payments; second, the evolution of the rule on transfers of appreciated property; third, an assessment of the need for reform; and fourth, a proposal for unified treatment of all marital wealth …
Tort—Parental Immunity—Merrick V. Sutterlin, 93 Wn. 2d 411, 610 P.2d 891 (1980), Frederick W. Grimm
Tort—Parental Immunity—Merrick V. Sutterlin, 93 Wn. 2d 411, 610 P.2d 891 (1980), Frederick W. Grimm
Washington Law Review
This note outlines the origins of the doctrine of parentalftort immunity and its development in Washington, placing special emphasis on the doctrine's underlying policies and their applicability in automobile negligence cases. This note then discusses the problems which may arise from the Merrick court's failure to abolish the parental immunity entirely. Looking to the future, this note suggests that the immunity be abolished in favor of a standard of care recognizing the legal duty of a parent to act as a reasonably prudent parent.
A Reappraisal Of The Taxation Of Wealth Transfers Incident To Divorce, John P. Steines
A Reappraisal Of The Taxation Of Wealth Transfers Incident To Divorce, John P. Steines
Washington Law Review
The intent of this article is to inspire a review of the entire area of wealth transfers incident to divorce; to take the scope of review beyond fixation on Davis, with the view of integrating the present regimes in a scheme that is less dependent on the subtle and often invisible distinction between support and property rights. The article discusses first, the purpose of the rules governing periodic cash payments; second, the evolution of the rule on transfers of appreciated property; third, an assessment of the need for reform; and fourth, a proposal for unified treatment of all marital wealth …
A Property Theory Of Future Earning Potential In Dissolution Proceedings, Jon Andrew Chandler
A Property Theory Of Future Earning Potential In Dissolution Proceedings, Jon Andrew Chandler
Washington Law Review
State participation in domestic relations, particularly divorce, is a form of societal protection. When the state, through its courts or laws, establishes procedures for the dissolution of a marital community, society is assured a necessary continuity. Although an individual family unit may change, the laws governing divorce provide for preservation of the rights, privileges, and duties of the family relationship. The state accomplishes this first by allocating and establishing title to property of the marriage, and second by providing for the ongoing support of those who had been financially dependent upon the marital community. This comment begins by outlining state …
Tort—Parental Immunity—Merrick V. Sutterlin, 93 Wn. 2d 411, 610 P.2d 891 (1980), Frederick W. Grimm
Tort—Parental Immunity—Merrick V. Sutterlin, 93 Wn. 2d 411, 610 P.2d 891 (1980), Frederick W. Grimm
Washington Law Review
This note outlines the origins of the doctrine of parentalftort immunity and its development in Washington, placing special emphasis on the doctrine's underlying policies and their applicability in automobile negligence cases. This note then discusses the problems which may arise from the Merrick court's failure to abolish the parental immunity entirely. Looking to the future, this note suggests that the immunity be abolished in favor of a standard of care recognizing the legal duty of a parent to act as a reasonably prudent parent.
Escalation Clauses In Washington Child Support Awards, Michael E. Gossler
Escalation Clauses In Washington Child Support Awards, Michael E. Gossler
Washington Law Review
This comment analyzes the Washington courts' interpretation of the statutes providing for making and modifying child support awards and the policies these statutes are designed to effect. It concludes that the use of escalation clauses is consistent with the statutes and policies on which the Washington support system is based, and that the use of such clauses is a more effective means of promoting the state's policy of providing adequate child support than the traditional approach of awarding support in fixed amounts subject to court modification. Finally, the comment suggests one possible escalation device that seeks to accurately predict future …
Domestic Relations—Post-Minority Child Support In Dissolution Proceedings—Childers V. Childers, 89 Wn. 2d 592, 575 P.2d 201 (1978), Patrick Charles Marshall
Domestic Relations—Post-Minority Child Support In Dissolution Proceedings—Childers V. Childers, 89 Wn. 2d 592, 575 P.2d 201 (1978), Patrick Charles Marshall
Washington Law Review
This note will first explore the purpose of child support and the changes in Washington law resulting in the court's construction of the Dissolution Act in Childers. Following an analysis of the Childers opinion, the remainder of this note will outline the present operation and scope of the child support provisions in the Dissolution Act and discuss the impact the provisions might have upon custody of children.
Antenuptial And Postnuptial Contracts In Washington, Nancy C. Phelps
Antenuptial And Postnuptial Contracts In Washington, Nancy C. Phelps
Washington Law Review
Each state has developed its own standards for deciding when an antenuptial or postnuptial contract is "fairly" made. This comment analyzes the current requirements for validity imposed by the decisional and statutory law of the State of Washington.
Domestic Relations—Breach Of Promise To Marry: Relic Revisited To Exclude Expectation Damages—Stanard V. Bolin, 88 Wn. 2d 614, 565 P.2d 94 (1977), D. Joseph Hurson
Domestic Relations—Breach Of Promise To Marry: Relic Revisited To Exclude Expectation Damages—Stanard V. Bolin, 88 Wn. 2d 614, 565 P.2d 94 (1977), D. Joseph Hurson
Washington Law Review
Plaintiff, relying on defendant's proposal of marriage, trained a replacement for her job, placed her home for sale, sold her furniture, and incurred normal expenses incidental to a future union. One month before the date of marriage, defendant informed plaintiff he would not fulfill his promise of marriage; she subsequently became ill, repurchased her home furnishings, and cancelled all wedding plans. Plaintiff brought suit for breach of promise to marry, seeking damages for (1) direct pecuniary losses; (2) pain, impairment to health, humiliation, embarrassment; and (3) loss of the expected financial security of marriage. The superior court dismissed the complaint …
Domestic Relations—Tentative Requirement Of Disclosure And Independent Counsel For Marital Agreements—In Re Marriage Of Hadley, 88 Wn. 2d 649, 569 P.2d 790 (1977), Bruce Judd
Washington Law Review
Plaintiff husband and defendant wife executed three property status agreements during their marriage after discovering that the wife had multiple sclerosis. The couple's personal and business counsel drafted the agreements to minimize the wife's death and estate taxes. Before signing the agreements, the wife received advice from the family counsel and travelled to her husband's properties. In addition, the wife engaged another attorney to examine the agreements, but he declined to give her advice because she failed to provide him with necessary information. The husband obtained a dissolution decree embodying the agreements. On appeal, the Washington Supreme Court held (5-3) …
Property—Community Property And Joint Tenancy: Creating Surviorship Rights In Washington—In Re Estate Of Olson, 87 Wn. 2d 855, 577 P.2d 302 (1976), Bruce Lamka
Washington Law Review
This note presents two analyses of the Olson decision. Under the first analysis, the amended Initiative is interpreted to require a writing executed by the marital community in order to convert property from community to joint tenancy ownership. It is argued that this interpretation is unreasonable and will produce an unsatisfactory result in some cases. The second analysis is based on community property law: both spouses must participate in the change of ownership because the property rights of both are affected. This reasoning better supports the Olson decision. It was incompletely developed in the opinion, however, because the court did …
Domestic Relations—Disposition Of Property Upon Termination Of Nonmarital Cohabitation—Marvin V. Marvin, 18 Cal. 3d 660, 557 P.2d 106, 134 Cal. Rptr. 815 (1976), Linda R. Larson
Washington Law Review
Plaintiff and defendant began living together in 1964. At that time they entered into an oral agreement whereby they would combine their earnings and efforts and would share equally in all property accumulated while they cohabited. Plaintiff averred that, in addition, they agreed to hold themselves out to the general public as husband and wife, although both knew defendant was legally married to another woman. Plaintiff then consented to give up her career as an entertainer in exchange for financial support from defendant for the rest of her life. For the following seven years, plaintiff rendered full-time services as a …
Marital Status And Eligibility For Federal Statutory Income Benefits: A Historical Survey, Marjorie Dick Rombauer
Marital Status And Eligibility For Federal Statutory Income Benefits: A Historical Survey, Marjorie Dick Rombauer
Washington Law Review
In an era when attitudes toward marriage institutions are changing and it has become a truism that governmentally dispensed benefits constitute "the new property," the extent to which marital status is a determinant of the right to receive such benefits is a subject of particular interest. The purpose of this article is to survey that subject. More specifically, this article will trace congressional and administrative efforts to arrive at acceptable definitions of who should be treated as a wife/widow (or husband/widower), so as to be entitled to particular statutory benefits, and similar efforts to define when the status- relationship has …