European Law Commons^™

European Union Food Law Update, Nicole Coutrelis

Journal of Food Law & Policy

On March 31, 2006, the European Commission published Council Regulation (EC) No. 510/2006 On the Protection of Geographical Indications and Designations of Origin for Agricultural Products and Foodstuffs. This new regulation repealed Council Regulation (EEC) No. 2081/92 On the Protection of Geographical Indications and Designations of Origin for Agricultural Products and Foodstuffs mainly to bring Community law into conformity with the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements and the findings of a recent WTO panel. Under the new Regulation, persons in third countries (non-European Union members) are entitled to address applications for the protection of geographic names and statements of objection …

'Beastly Bureaucracy' Animal Traceability, Identification And Labeling In Eu Law, Bernd M.J. Van Der Meulen, Annelies A. Freriks

Journal of Food Law & Policy

This contribution discusses animal traceability, identification and labeling requirements in European Union (EU) law. The requirements are lex specialis to more general requirements in EU food law. The aim is to set out this body of EU law and provide some understanding regarding its background. Along with the article by Margaret Rosso Grossman, it enables the reader to compare the EU system to the United States system.

Private Law And State-Making In The Age Of Globalization, Daniela Caruso

Faculty Scholarship

The rise of post-national entities, such as the institutions of the European Union and of free-trade regimes, bears no obvious relation to the traditional pillars of western private law (mostly contracts, torts, and property doctrines). The claim of this article is that the global diffusion of private law discourse contributes significantly to the emergence of new centers of authority in the global arena. The article tests the impact of private law arguments in three contexts - the growing legitimacy of regional human rights adjudication, the consolidation of the institutions of the European Union, and the higher binding force of international …

Church-State Relations In The European Court Of Human Rights, Carolyn Evans, Christopher A. Thomas

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

European Union Food Law Update, Nicole Coutrelis

Journal of Food Law & Policy

Update on new developments in European food law.

Justice & Foreign Affairs: Taking The European Neighbourhood Partner Countries To The European Court Of Justice, Lior Zemer, Sharon Pardo

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article argues that the European Union (EU) should extend the jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) to cover disputes arising from agreements with Neighborhood Partner Countries (NPC) under the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). This extension is essential for upholding the EU's constitutional principles, ensuring judicial review, and maintaining the coherence of EU external relations. The authors advocate for the ECJ as the most suitable judicial forum to address these disputes, emphasizing its role in reinforcing the EU's legal identity and capacity building.

The "Modernisation" Of European Community Competition Law: Achieving Consistency In Enforcement-Part Ii (With P. Cassinis), David J. Gerber

All Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Strengthening Investor Confidence In Europe: U.S.-Style Securities Class Actions And The Acquis Communautaire, Stefano M. Grace

Florida State University Journal of Transnational Law & Policy

No abstract provided.

Towards Monitoring Galileo: The European Gnss Supervisory Authority In Statu Nascendi = Zur Künftigen Überwachungsagentur Des Galileo Systems, Vers Une Autorité De Surveillance Du Système Galileo, Frans G. Von Der Dunk

Space, Cyber, and Telecommunications Law Program: Faculty Publications

There is little doubt that one of the most interesting and revolutionary, but also complicated and challenging space projects of today is Galileo, Europe’s own full-fledged second-generation navigation satellite system. Developed jointly by the European Union through the Commission and the European Space Agency, Galileo should by the end of the decade have thirty operational satellites in middle-earth-orbits providing timing, positioning and navigation signals across the globe.

From the very beginning Galileo was envisaged in particular by the Commission as a public-private-partnership (PPP). On the one hand, a private concessionaire should operate the system as of full operational capability (originally …

The French "Headscarves Ban": Intolerance Or Necessity?, 40 J. Marshall L. Rev. 235 (2006), Reuven (Ruvi) Ziegler

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Second Chance For Justice: Reevaluation Of The United States Double Jeopardy Standard, 40 J. Marshall L. Rev. 371 (2006), Andrea Koklys

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Harmful Tax Competition And Its Harmful Remedies, James R. Hines Jr.

Reviews

There is, among some of your reviewer's friends, an abhorrence of tax competition, and a fascination with tax harmonization, that defies simple understanding. The way that the case is typically presented, European tax harmonization is desirable because eliminating tax differences between European nations would promote economic efficiency. With greater economic efficiency, there is more of everything to go around, so it becomes possible to maintain life exactly as it currently is, except that now, instead of every family having one toaster, they can have two. A wise goal, a worthy goal, this economic efficiency-though the drive to eke more out …

Continuity, Change And Innovation In Emerging Consumer Bankruptcy Systems: Belgium And Luxembourg, 14 Am. Bankr. Inst. L. Rev. 69 (2006), Jason Kilborn

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Hidden Life Of Consumer Bankruptcy Reform: Danger Signs For The New U.S. Law From Unexpected Parallels In The Netherlands, 39 Vand. J. Transnat'l L. 77 (2006), Jason Kilborn

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

This Article offers a unique perspective on the heavily revised U.S. consumer bankruptcy law, which went effect on October 17, 2005, in light of a surprising discovery: It turns out that the U.S. consumer bankruptcy system as "reformed" resembles in many critical respects the consumer bankruptcy system in place for the past six years in the Netherlands. As a result of this serendipitous U.S.-Dutch convergence, years of experience under the Dutch consumer debt relief system can provide a rare glimpse into the future of the new U.S. system. The Dutch law in practice has diverged in significant ways from legislative …

A Comparative Study On The Trade Barriers Regulation And Foreign Trade Barriers Investigation Rules, Junrong Song

LLM Theses and Essays

The Trade Barriers Regulation and Foreign Trade Barriers Investigation Rules are enacted in the European Union and China respectively. Both of them establish a procedure for the private sector to petition the government to challenge foreign trade barriers. Through the comparative study on the two pieces of law, this paper intends to dig out the similarities and differences between them and develop some suggestions for the improvement of them.

The Wipo "Internet Treaties" The United States As The Driver: The United States As The Main Source Of Obstruction — As Seen By An Anti-Revolutionary Central European, 6 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 17 (2006), Mihály Ficsor

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

The copyright policy of the United States developed from initial isolationism, through the 1891 Chase Act, various bilateral and inter-American agreements and the establishment of the Universal Copyright Convention, to active participation in the international copyright cooperation. This development was completed by the United States’ accession to the Berne Convention in 1988. Since then, the United States has played a leading role in this field, which was manifested both during the negotiations of the 1994 TRIPS Agreement and the preparatory work of the two 1996 WIPO “Internet Treaties”, the WCT and the WPPT. These WIPO Treaties, the preparation and adoption …

A Social Dimension In European Private Law The Call For Setting A Progressive Agenda, Fernanda Nicola

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

I. The Europeanization of Private Law: Legal Sources, Ideology and Process: 1. Legal Sources in European Private Law. 2. Technocracy at work: What is the Common Frame of Reference? 3. The Ideological Divide: Neo-liberalism versus Social Justice in European Contract law. 4. The Social Justice Manifesto and the Legitimacy of the Process. 5. The Scholarly Industry and its Dark Sides. II. Social contract law and Social Europe, part of the problem or part of the solution?: 1. The "Social" Critique of Formalism in Contract Law and its historical inadequacy. 2. The Critique of the Social and its erasure in the …

Meditations On Carl Schmitt, Mark Tushnet

Georgia Law Review

A spectre is haunting Professor Levinson - the spectre of Carl Schmitt. The German--or should it be Nazi? - constitutional theorist flits in and out of Professor Levinson's discussion. Professor Levinson has done yeoman work in bringing Schmitt's perspective to the attention of constitutional theorists. My comments offer my own reaction to what I take to be Schmitt's points, and in doing so may confirm Professor Levinson's assessment of Schmitt's importance today. I start with the sentence Professor Levinson quotes: "Sovereign is he who decides on the exception. Professor Levinson focuses on the first part of the sentence, because, in …

The Organization Of Care Work In Italy: Gender And Migrant Labor In The New Economy, Dawn Lyon

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

This articled discussed social, political, and economic aspects--particularly, gender and race-based implications-of the organization of elder care work in Italy and globally. Care work for the elderly is a particularly acute concern in Italy and across Europe, as the population is aging while women (the traditional caregivers) have joined the labor force in record numbers and family size has decreased. As the supply of informal female carers has decreased, the need for elder care is increasing. In Italy, a significant trend is the employment of migrant female workers (many from Latin American, Eastern European, and African nations) for home-based elder …

How The Old World Encountered The New One: Regulatory Competition And Cooperation In European Corporate And Bankruptcy Law , Luca Enriques, Martin Gelter

Faculty Scholarship

The European framework for creditor protection has undergone a remarkable tansfomation in recent years. While the European Court of Justices Centros case and its progeny have given European Union businesses choice with respect to the state of incorporation, and hence to the substantive corporate law regime, the European Insolvency Regulation has introduced uniform conflict-of-law rules for insolvencies. However, this regime has opened up some forum shopping opportunities for corporate debtors. Both regulatory competition in corporate law and forum shopping in bankruptcy law have been discussed in the United States for years, while they are relativey new territory in the European …

Planning The Funeral At The Birth: Extended Producer Responsibility In The European Union And The United States, Noah M. Sachs

Law Faculty Publications

This Article examines how governments in the world's two largest economies are diverging in their approaches to regulating hazardous products and packaging, with major ramifications for manufacturing, waste management, and trade. The European Union is implementing product-oriented environmental regulation based on the principle of Extended Producer Responsibility ("EPR"), which assigns responsibility to manufacturers to take back their products after consumers discard them. In theory, EPR could dramatically alter production practices by internalizing externalities from products and providing incentives for environmentally friendly design. However, practical problems of implementation raise questions about the effectiveness of EPR as a policy tool.

This Article …

Understanding The Unrest Of France’S Younger Workers: The Price Of American Ambivalence, Joseph Seiner

Faculty Publications

The youth of France refer to themselves as the “throwaway generation,” in part because they perceive that their value to the labor market is simply disregarded by the government. Against this backdrop, young French workers recently took to the streets in riot to protest a newly enacted employment law that stripped employees under the age of twenty-six of many of their employment protections. The protests persisted after the French Constitutional Council held that the law did not violate France's constitution. The continued violent opposition ultimately forced French President Jacques Chirac to abandon the law, resulting in an embarrassing defeat for …

The Ethical Case For European Legislation Against Fur Farming, Andrew Linzey

Animal Law Review

In recent years, several member states in the European Union enacted legislation to regulate or prohibit fur farming. This article calls for further action to ban the practice throughout the European Union. The Author notes animals’ inabilities to protect their own interests and the role of law to protect these vulnerable interests. The Author concludes by responding to the objections of fur farming proponents, ultimately finding no legitimate justification for the documented suffering of animals raised on fur farms.

The Takeover Directive And Inspire Art: Reevaluating The European Union’S Market For Corporate Control In The New Millennium, Dmitry Tuchinsky

NYLS Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Three Goals Of Taxation, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah

Articles

The current debate in the United States about whether the income tax should be replaced with a consumption tax has been waged on the traditional grounds for evaluating tax policy: efficiency, equity, and administrability. For example, Joseph Bankman and David Weisbach recently argued for the superiority of an ideal consumption tax over an ideal income tax on three grounds: First, that the consumption tax is more efficient because it does not discriminate between current and future consumption,' while both income and consumption taxes have identical effect on work effort. Second, that the consumption tax is at least as good at …

Comparative Fiscal Federalism: What Can The U.S. Supreme Court And The European Court Of Justice Learn From Each Other's Tax Jurisprudence?, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah

Articles

Last October, a group of distinguished tax experts from the European Union and the United States convened at the University of Michigan Law School for a conference on "Comparative Fiscal Federalism: Comparing the U.S. Supreme Court and European Court of Justice Tax Jurisprudence." The conference was sponsored by the Law School, the European Union Center, and Harvard Law School's Fund for Tax and Fiscal Research. Attendees from Europe included Michel Aujean, the principal tax official at the EU Commission, Servaas van Thie1, chief tax advisor to the EU Council, Michael Lang (Vienna) and Kees van Raad (Leiden), who run the …

Constitutional Lessons From Europe, George A. Bermann

Faculty Scholarship

Given his range of interests, a tribute to Francis Jacobs could appropriately address just about any area of contemporary legal concern. But Francis Jacobs is one whose writings on and off the bench have, for an American, been especially illuminating, due to his unique capacity to translate fundamental issues of European constitutional law into terms that we can grasp. And so, notwithstanding the quantity of writing on the recent constitutional adventure of the European Union ("EU") that has already accumulated, I add yet one more set of reflections on this theme in Francis Jacobs' honor, this time on the possible …

Rulemaking In The Ages Of Globalization And Information: What America Can Learn From Europe, And Vice Versa, Peter L. Strauss

Faculty Scholarship

This Article stems from a project on European Union Administrative Law undertaken by the American Bar Association's Section on Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice. It explores the generation of normative texts by the Commission of the European Union, its executive body, from the perspective of Americans familiar with notice and comment rulemaking. Legislative drafting (an exclusive responsibility of the Commission), subordinate measures corresponding to American rules and regulations, and soft law generated by the Commission are all considered In creating legislative proposals, the Commission uses techniques quite like American rulemaking, but with consultative practices (including electronic consultations) that seem more …

Genealogies Of Soft Law, Anna Di Robilant

Faculty Scholarship

The relatively recent blossoming of multiple soft law tools and the calls for a soft harmonization of European private law have invited reflection on the genealogy of soft law. Genealogical arguments have come to play a critical role in the heated European soft law v. hard law debate. While some find the ancestors of soft law in the medieval legal regime and particularly the lex mercatoria, others link soft law to a prolific strand of 19th and early 20th century theories of social law and legal pluralism. At times explicitly invoked, more often im plicitly alluded to, the neo-medieval genealogy …

Comparative Fiscal Federalism: What Can The U.S. Supreme Court And The European Court Of Justice Learn From Each Other's Tax Jurisprudence?, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah

Articles

In October 2005, a group of distinguished tax experts from the European Union and the United States, who had never met before, convened at the University of Michigan Law School for a conference on "Comparative Fiscal Federalism: Comparing the U.S. Supreme Court and European Court of Justice Tax Jurisprudence." The purpose of the conference was to shed comparative light on the very different approaches taken by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) and the U.S. Supreme Court to the question of fiscal federalism. The conference was sponsored by the U-M Law School, U-M's European Union Center, and Harvard Law School's …