Estates and Trusts Commons^™

Closely Held Stocks—Deferral And Financing Of Estate Tax Costs Through Sections 303 And 6166, Douglas A. Kahn

Articles

The enactment of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (hereinafter referred to as "the 1981 Act") will reduce both the impact of federal wealth transfer taxes and the number of persons still subject to them. Nevertheless, even after the 1981 Act takes full effect, a category of persons remains for whom wealth transfer taxes will constitute a meaningful burden and whose estates face a liquidity problem in satisfying the estate tax liability. The focus of this article is on two statutory techniques: redemptions of stock pursuant to section 3031 and deferral of estate tax payments under section 6166.2 These …

The Estate Tax Marital Deduction, Harold Dubroff, Douglas A. Kahn

Articles

The estate tax marital deduction, section 2056 of the Internal Revenue Code, was enacted in 1948, along with the split-income provisions of the income tax law and the marital deduction and split-gift provisions of the gift tax law. The purpose was to give married residents of common law states approximately the same federal tax advantages that were available to married residents of community property states. Ordinarily, upon the death of a married resident of a community property state, only one-half of the community property is taxed in the decedent's estate. Section 2056 achieves approximately the same result for married residents …

Federal Estate And Gift Taxation Of Joint Interests: Planning And Policy Perspectives, Hugh D. Brown

Vanderbilt Law Review

This Note will first provide a brief background outlining the incidents of joint tenancy which make it an attractive form of co-ownership under state law. This background section also will place joint ownership in the overall perspective of federal estate and gift taxation by pointing out the impossibility of achieving certain basic federal estate planning objectives in an estate composed primarily of jointly held assets. The Note will then analyze the specific provisions of the Internal Revenue Code governing federal estate and gift taxation of joint interests. This analysis will: first, focus on some of the legal problems generated by …

A Source Of Revenue For The Improvement Of Legal Services, Part Ii: A Recommendation For The Use Of Clients' Funds Held By Attorneys In Non-Interest-Bearing Trust Accounts To Support Programs Of The Texas Bar Association And An Analysis Of The Federal Income Tax., Taylor S. Boone

St. Mary's Law Journal

Abstract Forthcoming.

Carryover Basis: An Observation, An Irony, And A Proposal, Alan L. Feld

Faculty Scholarship

Alan L. Feld is a Boston University Law School professor and visiting professor at the University of Pennsylvania Law School. In this article Feld describes the changes in the treatment of capital gains transferred at death that were enacted in the Tax Reform Act of 1976. Feld notes that tax reformers would have preferred to tax capital gains at death but accepted the carryover basis provision as a second-best solution.

He reports that in the case of the very largest estates, the combined, effect of carryover basis and the lower estate tax rates results at most in a total estate …

Federal Gift And Estate Tax - Interest-Fre Loans - Intrafamily Interest-Free Loans Are Not Taxable Transfers For Purposes Of I.R.C., Lee H. Stein

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

Tax Consequences For Corporate Divisions Of The Family Farm Corporation, Edwin T. Hood, John D. Shores, Charles S. Triplett

Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Discharges Of Legal Obligations, Section 2036 And Consideration In Estate And Gift Taxation, Joel E. Newman

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Optimum Marital Deduction Survives The Tax Reform Act, J. Rodney Johnson

Law Faculty Publications

Several years ago an article appeared in the pages of this journal which suggested that those attorneys who regularly focused on obtaining the maximum marital deduction in the wills they were drafting for their clients might be suffering from a form of estate planner's myopia. That is, they were losing sight of their ultimate goal of minimizing the total estate tax burden imposed on the husband's assets as they pass from him, through the wife, on to the ultimate beneficiaries. The danger foreseen was that, as an attorney employed one of the various formula clauses designed to obtain every possible …

Taxation Of Distributions From Accumulation Trusts: The Impact Of The Tax Reform Act Of 1976, David T. Link, Michael J. Wahoske

Journal Articles

The complex rules governing the taxation of income from trusts and estates have at times been described as incomprehensible. Perhaps the most confusing of these are the accumulation distribution throwback rules. In an effort to alleviate some of this confusion, Congress included accumulation trusts within the purview of the Tax Reform Act of 1976. Though Congress claimed that the rules are now "considerably simplified," it is not without some effort that one is able to translate the statutory language into a form useful to the practitioner.

Given the complexity of the rules, it is necessary to begin with a caveat. …

The Estate And Gift Tax Revisions Of The Tax Reform Act Of 1976, Howard Zaritsky

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Close Corporations In Estate Planning After The Tax Reform Act Of 1976, Edwin T. Hood

Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Federal Taxation Of The Assignment Of Life Insurance, Douglas A. Kahn, Lawrence W. Waggoner

Articles

The most litigated estate tax issue concerning life insurance is whether the proceeds should be included in the insured's gross estate. This question usually is governed by section 2042 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, the estate tax provision directed specifically at life insurance. While the Tax Reform Act of 1976 wrought enormous changes in many areas of estate taxation, Congress did not change section 2042. Thus the several unresolved questions concerning the interpretation of that section remain unsettled. But the question of the includability of life insurance proceeds in the gross estate of the insured is not always …

An Attack On The Optimum Marital Deduction: Revenue Ruling 76-176, J. Rodney Johnson

Law Faculty Publications

A recent development in the field of estate and gift taxation-the issuance of Revenue Ruling 76-156 may be an indication of a policy decision on the part of the Internal Revenue Service to clamp down on the increasing utilization of the estate planner's most flexible tool in the ·area of post-mortem estate planning-the disclaimer. Due to the potential importance of this ruling, it seems desirable ( 1 ) to deal with the ruling, itself, in some detail, ( 2) to see how the ruling might affect an estate planning concept suggested in these pages last year, and ( 3) to …

Estate Taxation Of Life Insurance Under §2042: Recent Decisions Defining Incidents Of Ownership

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

I. Valuation Of Property In The Gross Estate

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Ii. Testamentary Transfers

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Iii. Annuities Under § 2039

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Iv. Powers Of Appointment Under § 2041

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

V. Life Insurance Proceeds Under § 2042

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Vi. Deductions

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Vii. Gift Taxation

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Viii. Tax Procedure

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Drafting For The Optimum Marital Deduction, J. Rodney Johnson

Law Faculty Publications

While the marital deduction provided for by federal estate tax law may not necessarily be the controlling factor in planning the will of a married person, it is certainly one of the most important factors because of the sheer magnitude of this deduction up to 50% of the adjusted gross estate. A direct consequence of this importance is reflected in the fact that the marital deduction has become the most written-about topic in the estate planning area. Most of what has been written about this subject can be divided into the two following categories: ( 1 ) an explanation of …

Recent Developments In Gift And Estate Taxation, Douglas A. Kahn

Other Publications

A summarization of recent tax cases.

Transactions Subject To Gift Tax, Douglas A. Kahn, Earl M. Colson

Articles

The gift tax is imposed on the "transfer of property by gift." The term gift is not expressly defined either in the Code or in the Treasury Regulations. However, section 2512(b), dealing with the valuation of gifts, states that "where property is transferred for less than an adequate and full consideration in money or money's worth," the difference between the value of the property transferred and the consideration received constitutes a gift. Thus, for gift tax purposes, the determination of whether a gift was made does not turn so much on the intent of the transferor as it does on …

The Tax Recommendations Of The Commission On The Bankruptcy Laws--Income Tax Liabilities Of The Estate And The Debtor, William T. Plumb Jr.

Michigan Law Review

The Commission on the Bankruptcy Laws of the United States (Commission), pursuant to congressional mandate, has reported its recommendations for the first comprehensive revision of the bankruptcy laws since the Chandler Act of 1938. This Article deals with the proposals concerning the obligation of the trustee in bankruptcy to file returns of income and to pay federal and state taxes on the income, and concerning the calculation of the taxable incomes of the bankrupt estate and the debtor (including their rights to utilize each other's carryovers), as well as with certain problems in those areas in which the Commission has …

The Application Of Section 2036 To Inter Vivos Transfers Of Stock In Closely-Held Corporations, George A. Neidich

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.

An Update On Federal Estate And Gift Taxation: Recent Decisions And Revenue Rulings, Verner F. Chaffin

Scholarly Works

"Tax law is constantly evolving, never static, and always in the process of becoming something other than it was." In the following survey, Professor Chaffin brings us abreast of the latest changes in the field of estate and gift tax and gives us insight into the future direction of the law in this area.

Kahn, Colson, & Craven: Federal Taxation Of Estates, Gifts, And Trusts, Richard D. Hobbet

Michigan Law Review

A Review of Federal Taxation of Estates, Gifts, and Trusts by Douglas A. Kahn, Earl M. Colson, and George Craven