Estates and Trusts Commons^™

Black Lung Benefit Trusts As A Federal Self-Insurance Alternative, Peter M. Kelly

West Virginia Law Review

Since the enactment of the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act1 (FCMHSA) in late 1969, occupational pneumoconiosis, "black lung disease," has been compensable under federal law. These federal black lung benefits are coordinated with state workmen's compensation or occupational disease laws to provide death or disability benefits for coal miners suffering from the disease. Black lung benefits are provided at federal cost under Part B of Title IV of the FCMHSA with respect to claims which arose before July 1, 1973 (Part B benefits)." Benefits are payable directly or indirectly by coal mine operators under Part C of Title …

Carryover Basis: An Observation, An Irony, And A Proposal, Alan L. Feld

Faculty Scholarship

Alan L. Feld is a Boston University Law School professor and visiting professor at the University of Pennsylvania Law School. In this article Feld describes the changes in the treatment of capital gains transferred at death that were enacted in the Tax Reform Act of 1976. Feld notes that tax reformers would have preferred to tax capital gains at death but accepted the carryover basis provision as a second-best solution.

He reports that in the case of the very largest estates, the combined, effect of carryover basis and the lower estate tax rates results at most in a total estate …

Comment: The Federal Tax Consequences Of Life Insurance In Estate Planning, John B. Peace

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Tax Consequences For Corporate Divisions Of The Family Farm Corporation, Edwin T. Hood, John D. Shores, Charles S. Triplett

Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Material Participation And The Valuation Of Farm Land For Estate Tax Purposes Under The Tax Reform Act Of 1976, David A. Bratt

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Current Problems Facing The Executor Taking The Section 2053 Estate Tax Deduction, Jay D. Christiansen

Vanderbilt Law Review

Section 2053 of the Internal Revenue Code allows the executor to deduct from the gross estate amounts attributable to expenses, indebtedness, and taxes. This Note will examine problems currently confronting an executor who is attempting to utilize the 2053 deduction. The first problem examined in this Note is the conflict in the federal courts of appeals regarding the deductibility of expenses incurred as a result of a sale of decedent's property. The statute,cases, and regulations in this area will be examined, and a suggested approach for the executor encountering this problem will be provided. The second problem considered is the …

Taxation Of Distributions From Accumulation Trusts: The Impact Of The Tax Reform Act Of 1976, David T. Link, Michael J. Wahoske

Journal Articles

The complex rules governing the taxation of income from trusts and estates have at times been described as incomprehensible. Perhaps the most confusing of these are the accumulation distribution throwback rules. In an effort to alleviate some of this confusion, Congress included accumulation trusts within the purview of the Tax Reform Act of 1976. Though Congress claimed that the rules are now "considerably simplified," it is not without some effort that one is able to translate the statutory language into a form useful to the practitioner.

Given the complexity of the rules, it is necessary to begin with a caveat. …

Close Corporations In Estate Planning After The Tax Reform Act Of 1976, Edwin T. Hood

Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Foreign Accumulation Trusts And The Tax Reform Act Of 1976, David H. Simmons

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

If the foreign trust is not a grantor trust under the Grantor Trust Provisions (sections 671-679), then the new Act creates several new disparities in the tax treatment between it and a corresponding domestic accumulation trust. Domestic accumulation trusts are no longer subjected to a capital gains throw back, while capital gains of foreign trusts are included in DNI, subject to throw back, and then taxed as ordinary income to the beneficiary because of the abolition of the character rules upon accumulation distribution. Foreign trusts are subjected to throw back of accumulation distributions even though the accumulation was during the …

The Educational Benefit Trust:Loophole Or Sinkhole?, John L. Van Cleave

Vanderbilt Law Review

This Note indicates clearly that the likelihood of the court's upholding the tax advantages claimed to be available under EBTs is far from certain. More than an "element of risk" is involved in recommending that a client adopt an educational benefit trust, but does this require an attorney to avoid such arrangements? On the other hand, does an attorney owe an obligation to the legal process and to society to challenge the Service whenever it, in his opinion,has taken a position more favorable to the Treasury than intended by Congress in enacting the legislation underlying the matter in controversy? While …

The Use Of Restrictive Agreements In Estate Tax Valuation Of Farmlands And Other Properties, Don R. Castleman

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Possession By A Trustee Of The Power To Alter The Time And Manner Of Enjoyment Of Life Insurance Proceeds Held In Trust Requires That The Value Of The Proceeds Be Included In The Decedent Trustee's Gross Estate., Alex Huddleston

St. Mary's Law Journal

Abstract Forthcoming.

Redistributing Wealth By Curtailing Inheritance: The Community Interest In The Rule Against Perpetuities And The Estate Tax, John W. Van Doren

Florida State University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Taxation--Apportionment Of Inheritance Tax Where Contingent Or Limited Interests Are Present, Anne R. Williams

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

The United States Government Breached Its Fiduciary Duty By Paying Oklahoma Estate Tax On The Property Of A Noncompetent Osage Indian Without Determining Whether Intervening Cases And Internal Revenue Rulings Had Removed The Requirement For Paying The Tax., Phyllis Wilson Gainer

St. Mary's Law Journal

Abstract Forthcoming.

Taxation Of Unrealized Gains At Death – An Evaluation Of The Current Proposals, Michael J. Graetz

Faculty Scholarship

The failure to tax the appreciation of capital assets transferred at death has been described as the major shortcoming of existing federal income tax laws. From time to time since 1942, the Department of the Treasury and others have urged alteration of the rule which underlies this failure. Recently the House Ways and Means Committee held panel discussions and public hearings on the subject of tax reform during which consideration was given to the possibility of changing the laws dealing with taxation of appreciated property at death. In its recommendations to the Committee, the Treasury Department did not push for …

Powers Of Appointment And The Kentucky Inheritance Tax--The Department Of Revenue's Administration Of Krs Section 140.040, William P. Sturm

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Income Tax Deductions For Estate Planning Fees, Stephen E. Gilhuley

Vanderbilt Law Review

The need to engage the services of a lawyer may arise in a variety of situations, and the possibility of deducting the fees for a lawyer's services from the client's personal taxable income will ultimately depend on which one of several competing policies of the tax law is properly applicable under the particular circumstances. Taxpayers and their attorneys should be aware of the deductibility of expenses incurred for legal services rendered in connection with the planning of the taxpayer's estate. Such estate planning services include the drafting of a will, the arrangement of inter vivos and testamentary gifts, the creation …

Mandatory Buy-Out Agreements For Stock Of Closely Held Corporations, Douglas A. Kahn

Articles

A buy-out of a shareholder's stock is a sale of his stock holdings in a specific corporation pursuatnt to a pre-existing contract. In recent years such arrangements have, deservedly, become an increasingly popular planning device for shareholders in closely held corporations; they make it possible to limit the class of potential shareholders, provide liquidity for the estate of a deceased shareholder, and establish a value for stock which has no active market. There are two popular categories of buy-out plans. If the prospective purchaser of a decedent's shares is the corporation that issued them, the plan is called an "entity …

Sales Transactions And Income In Respect Of A Decedent, G. S. T.

Georgia Law Review

An important' tax question arises when income is received by a decedent's successor in interest as a result of a sale transaction which had its origins in the decedent's lifetime activities but which was not consummated until after his death. The answer to be sought is whether or not the proceeds of the sale constitute income in respect of a decedent within the meaning of section 6913 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954. If so, the successor in interest will include in gross income the same amount as the decedent would have included had he completed the sale and …

Estate Tax--The Relevancy Of State Court Adjudication Of Property Rights, Patrick David Deem

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Special Treatment Of Cemeteries, David H. Getches

Publications

No abstract provided.

Abstracts Fo Recent Cases, Ellen Fairfax Warder

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Principal And Income Allocation Of Stock Distributions--The Six Per Cent Rule, Michael C. Devine

Michigan Law Review

A productive trust is usually dynamic in two ways: the principal assets appreciate in value, and their use produces income. When the beneficial interests in such a trust are successively divided between income recipients and principal remaindermen, every payment to the trust must be characterized either as income or as an addition to principal. The most difficult categorization problems arise when the receipt is of corporate stock.

Joint Tenancy: The Estate Lawyer's Continuing Burden, John E. Riecker

Michigan Law Review

The discussion which follows will be divided into three major parts. First, it will be important to see why so much real and personal property remains in joint tenancy between husband and wife or in entireties tenancy. It has been almost eighteen years since Congress eliminated the necessity of holding property in this form in order to split income therefrom for income tax purposes. Is inertia the only reason for the popularity of joint ownership, or are there other reasons? Second, we shall review the familiar but false assumptions most laymen (and even a few attorneys) commonly make regarding the …

Widow's Success In Common-Law Property State To Husband's Rights In Her Half Of Community Property Is Taxable And Valued At One-Half Of Entire Community--In Re Kessler's Estate, Bailey H. Kuklin

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Retention Of Control Over Stock Constitutes "Ownership" Under Section 1239 Of The Internal Revenue Code-Harry Trotz, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Petitioner set up a corporation, retaining seventy-nine per cent of the stock and -distributing the remainder to a third party. The third party borrowed from petitioner, pledging his stock as security and executing an option agreement under which the petitioner could recover the stock at any time. Subsequently, the newly organized corporation purchased all the depreciable assets of petitioner's proprietorship at a price in excess of their adjusted basis; petitioner reported the difference as a capital gain. The Commissioner declared a deficiency, relying on section 1239 of the Internal Revenue Code, which treats as ordinary income the gain recognized from …

Abstracts Of Recent Cases, Frank Cuomo Jr.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Marital Deduction Formula Clauses In Estate Planning-Estate And Income Tax Considerations, Alan N. Polasky

Michigan Law Review

Once upon a time, and not so very long ago, a child was born, much to the delight of its lawyer-parents. As children will, it brought much joy and only occasional moments of dismay and concern during its early, formative years. But one day it entered the terrible teens, and at age sixteen it became, like many teen-agers, baffling, confusing, and frustrating, giving rise to frenzied attempts to cope with and control the complexities of its behavior. Its name? The Federal Estate Tax Marital Deduction.

Testamentary Option To Purchase Realty Can Be Exercised Under Anti-Lapse Statute By Heirs Of Beneficiary--Tuecke V. Tuecke, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Testator devised his farm to his son and two daughters. The son, who predeceased his father, was bequeathed an option to purchase the daughters' two-thirds interest in the farm for a specified amount. Over the objection of the daughters, the heirs of the son sought to exercise the option under an anti-lapse statute. The trial court concluded that the son's heirs had inherited the right to purchase. On appeal to the Supreme Court of Iowa, held,affirmed. An option to purchase is a valuable property right inheritable under an anti-lapse statute.