Environmental Law Commons^™

Jun. 6, 1996, J. Lindbaek, Ifc Exec. Vp, Address To Ngos, Jannik Lindbaek

IFC E&S Performance Standards

No abstract provided.

Sept. 1996 A. Durbin, Et Al, Foe 'Private Sector Frenzy' Report On Wb And Privatization, Andrea Durbin, Michelle Chan, Michael Messer

IFC E&S Performance Standards

No abstract provided.

Future Directions In International Environmental Law: Precaution, Integration And Non-State Actors, James Cameron

Dalhousie Law Journal

In this, the Horace E. Read Memorial Lecture for 1995, James Cameron discusses three developments in international environmental law,-the principles of precaution and of integration and the roles of non-state actors. The precautionary principle calls for regulatory intervention to prevent environmental harm even though the risk of damage remains scientifically uncertain. A wide consensus exists in favour of a precautionary approach to environmental management and state practice is sufficient to assert the principle has attained the status of customary international law, but it remains controversial because it demands changes in practice. The principle of integration takes a holistic approach to …

Environmental Rights And Indigenous Wrongs, Mahnoush H. Arsanjani

St. Thomas Law Review

The early writers of international law were environmentally literate. Grotius, for example, in his great novel, The Law of War and Peace, prohibited certain potentially advantageous tactics because of their long-term environmental costs. But, the early writers lived in a preindustrial era, where it was reasonable to design a public order based on maximum access and use, and minimum regulation. After all, no matter how many wind driven ships sailed the ocean surface, the ocean would not "wear out." The industrial revolution irrevocably changed that reality. International concern about the protection of the environment began to take political form and …

Ifc Legal Department, Model Investment Agreement E&S Provisions, 1996, Ifc

IFC E&S Performance Standards

No abstract provided.

A Matter Of Trust: Federal Environmental Responsibilities To Native Americans Under Customary International Law, Karyn I. Wendelowski

American Indian Law Review

No abstract provided.

Book Review, Lakshman D. Guruswamy

Publications

No abstract provided.

Application Of International Water Law To Transboundary Groundwater Resources, And The Slovak-Hungarian Dispute Over Gabcikovo-Nagymaros, Gabriel Eckstein

Faculty Scholarship

The growth in global population and economic development has resulted in tremendous pressures on existing sources of fresh water. Human water use over the past three centuries increased by a factor of thirty-five and is growing by four to eight percent annually. Coupled with recurring international disputes over water resources, poor water management, and the realization that water is an indispensable but finite resource, these trends have propelled the use and management of transboundary groundwater resources to the forefront of legal debate.

Until recently, matters relating to groundwater resources were relatively ignored in the context of international law applicable to …

Customary (And Not So Customary) International Environmental Law, Daniel M. Bodansky

Scholarly Works

In this article, Professor Bodansky examines the creation and importance of customary international law. He suggests that the debate over the legal status of any given norm may be misplaced. Instead, he suggests that international lawmakers should spend their time and energy incorporating norms, regardless of their true status, into "concrete treaties and actions." The author begins his discussion by providing a working definition of customary international law. He asserts that such law can be based not just on uniformities of state behavior, as is traditionally held, but also on regularities in behavior. Thus, customary international law can be formed …

Sept. 18, 1995, Treasury Sec. R. Rubin, Letter To Vp Al Gore Jr. Re Ifc Envtl Standards, Robert E. Rubin

IFC E&S Performance Standards

No abstract provided.

Sept. 12, 1995, Cong. N. Pelosi And Cong. J. Porter, Letter To Treasury Sec. R. Rubin Re Ifc Polices, Nancy Pelosi

IFC E&S Performance Standards

No abstract provided.

Sept. 12, 1995, Cong. N. Pelosi And Cong. J. Porter, Letter To Wb Pres. J. Wolfensohn Re Ifc Policies, Nancy Pelosi

IFC E&S Performance Standards

No abstract provided.

Jun. 30, 1995, Sen. J. Kerry And Rep. J. Porter, Co-Chairs Of Globe, Letter To Vice Pres Al Gore Re Ifc Information Policy, John F. Kerry, John Edward Porter

IFC E&S Performance Standards

No abstract provided.

May 10, 1995, C. Dobson, Letter To L. Summers, Undersecretary For Int'l Affairs, Treasury Re Adb And Ifc Policies, Chad Dobson

IFC E&S Performance Standards

No abstract provided.

Apr. 25, 1995, L. Summers, Under-Secretary, Memo To Secretary Rubin Re Fy 1995 Ifc Appropriation Conditions, Lawrence Summers

IFC E&S Performance Standards

No abstract provided.

Friends Of The Earth, Pol'y Brief, Analysis Of Ifc Procedures And Policies Against Fy 95 Certification Requirements Undated, 1995, Friends Of The Earth

IFC E&S Performance Standards

No abstract provided.

Feb. 3, 1995, Amy Mcrae To D. Hunter (Ciel), Ifc Information, Ifc

IFC E&S Performance Standards

No abstract provided.

1995 (Undated), Foe, Pol'y Brief, Analysis Of Ifc Procedures Against Fy 95 Certification Requirements, Friends Of The Earth

IFC E&S Performance Standards

No abstract provided.

Man Or Beast: The Convention On Biological Diversity And The Emerging Law Of Sustainable Development, W. Robert Ward

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Mr. Ward explores the legal nature of the Convention on Biological Diversity by examining patterns in the development of international law. He considers two categories of global agreements: (1) novel issues agreements and (2) general principles agreements. The article defines these two types of agreements and then considers whether the Convention addresses a novel issue in conservation law. Mr. Ward argues that the Convention is instead a general principles agreement that marks a new development in international law. The article concludes by exploring how the Convention may influence the further evolution of the law of sustainable development.

Hazardous Waste Exportation: The Global Manifestation Of Environmental Racism, Hugh J. Marbury

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

During the last decade, the United Nations and other international organizations have been struggling with the issue of hazardous waste exportation to developing countries. At the same time, the United States has been grappling with environmental racism. However, critics of both hazardous waste exportation and environmental racism have overlooked their similarities, namely, that hazardous waste exportation and environmental racism place a disproportionate burden on the same classes of people, the poor and minorities. The exportation of hazardous waste to developing countries is essentially environmental racism on an international scale.

This Note briefly explains the history and economic motivations behind hazardous …

Issues In The Measurement Of Biological Diversity, Andrew R. Solow, James M. Broadus

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

There are many national and international efforts to conserve biological diversity. However, since conservation resources are scarce, they must be used as effectively as possible. This Article examines recent developments in the definition and measurement of biological diversity . The authors explore the advantages and disadvantages of various measures of biological diversity, and the sensitivity of the optimal allocation of conservation resources to alternative measures. This Article demonstrates the importance of the choice of a biological diversity measure while simultaneously indicating that this choice is only one part of the ultimate goal of conservation.

Biodiversity: Opportunities And Obligations, Jonathan I. Charney

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

This issue of the Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law is devoted to the Symposium on Biological Diversity that was convened by the Journal at the Vanderbilt University School of Law on January 20-21, 1995. The focus of the Symposium was the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. Biological diversity is a relatively new term in international law and relations. The Biological Diversity Convention was one of the products of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) that was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in June of 1992. Since the Convention was a product of UNCED, its substance …

International Law And The Protection Of Biological Diversity, Daniel M. Bodansky

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

This article provides a general overview of international environmental law and biodiversity. First, the article argues that biodiversity is an international issue because international cooperation is necessary to implement national preservation policies effectively and because the benefits of biodiversity accrue in part to the international community. Second, the article discusses existing international law relevant to biodiversity, including wildlife and habitat protection treaties, the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity, and general principles of international environmental law such as the precautionary principle, the principle of intergenerational equity, and the principle of differentiated responsibilities. Finally, the article recommends that the international community use …

Biodiversity In The Marine Environment: Resource Implications For The Law Of The Sea, Christopher C. Joyner

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Professor Joyner begins by explaining what biodiversity is and how it is currently being threatened. He then describes the existing international prescriptions that relate to the preservation of biodiversity, including the Convention on Biodiversity, the Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping and Other Matter, and the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships. Professor Joyner examines how these prescriptions protect or fail to protect biodiversity in the marine environment, both independently and in conjunction with related international environmental law. Finally, he assesses how international organizations, regional protection …

Responsibility For Biological Diversity Conservation Under International Law, Catherine Tinker

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Professor Tinker begins with a general discussion of biodiversity law within the context of existing international environmental issues and traditional international lawmaking. The article analyzes the legal issues that attend the fulfillment of the objectives of the Biodiversity Convention. The article examines the work of the International Law Commission on state responsibility and liability for environmental harm. The article then explores the precautionary principle and argues that it should be more aggressively applied in order to fulfill the mandate of the Biodiversity Convention.

International Law Of Trade Preferences: Emanations From The European Union And The United States., Kele Onyejekwe

St. Mary's Law Journal

This Article posits that the increase of tariff arrangements, like the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), is evidence of the “hardening” of a body of international trade-preference law. It contends that the law of trade preferences is widely practiced in international affairs and the developed nations which terminate all trade preferences for developing countries most likely engage in illegal conduct under international law. Classical international law principally consisted of the law between nations and an international law of trade preferences in any form was unthinkable. Thus, neither international cooperation nor a duty for developed countries to assist developing countries is …

Oct. 1994, Ifc, Policy On Disclosure Of Information-Ss, Ifc

IFC E&S Performance Standards

No abstract provided.

Sept. 1, 1994, D. Hunter, Memo To Ngos Re Litigation Strategy To Enforcing Pelosi Amendment, David Hunter

IFC E&S Performance Standards

No abstract provided.

Aug. 23, 1994, S. Levine, Treasury Dep. Asst Sec., Letter To C. Dobson, Bic, Opposing Application Of Pelosi Amendment To Ifc, Susan M. Levine

IFC E&S Performance Standards

No abstract provided.

Cong. Res. Serv. Does The Pelosi Amendment Apply To The Ifc, August 12, 1994, Jonathan E. Sanford

IFC E&S Performance Standards

No abstract provided.