Environmental Law Commons^™

Climate Change, Environmental Degradation, And Migration: A Complex Nexus, Mostafa Mahmud Naser

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

The individual or combined effects of climate change are likely to trigger mass human movement both within and across international borders. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (“UNHCR”) predicts that between 50 and 200 million people may be displaced by 2050. Thus, the human impact on the environment is creating a new kind of global casualty for the twenty-first century—an emergent class of environmental migrants. The exact number of individuals cannot be predicted as scholars and international agencies provide varying statistics depending on underlying methods, scenarios, time frames, and assumptions. Many authors challenge the concept of climate change as …

The Andean Electricity Market: A Competition Law Analysis, Mateo Ferrero

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

The countries of the Andean Community (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru) have great potential to produce clean and reliable energy. However, this potential has only been exploited to a limited extent. Network industries, such as the electricity sector, have special features that create unique challenges for both developed and developing countries seeking to adequately manage this important part of the economy. Although the member countries of the Andean Community have substantially reformed their energy industries in the past decades, this sector still requires further competition. So far, most of the efforts undertaken by these countries have neglected the possibility of …

Have We All Gone Batty? The Need For A Better Balance Between The Conservation Of Protected Species And The Development Of Clean Renewable Energy, Laura Householder

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

No abstract provided.

Climate Change And Public Nuisance Law: Aep V. Connecticut And Its Implications For State Common Law Actions, Jeffrey N. Stedman

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

No abstract provided.

Gray Wolf Rising: Why The Clash Over Wolf Management In The Northern Rockies Calls For Congressional Action To Define "Recovery" Under The Endangered Species Act, W. Ryan Stephens

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

No abstract provided.

Mining Megaliths In The Argentine Andes: Where Will Victims Of Environmental Degradation Find Justice?, Catherine M. Wilmarth

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

No abstract provided.

Intellectual Property, Traditional Knowledge, And Biodiversity In The Global Economy: The Potential Of Geographical Indications For Protecting Traditional Knowledge-Based Agricultural Products, Teshager W. Dagne

PhD Dissertations

The relationship between international regimes regulating intellectual property, traditional knowledge and biodiversity has received much attention in recent times. Of the many complex and controversial issues in contemporary international legal discourse on this matter, the protection of traditional knowledge (TK) stands out as a significant challenge. Choices abound in the search for modalities to regulate rights to use and control TK systems and their underlying biodiversity. In recent times, the protection of geographical indications (GIs) has emerged as an option for protecting TK. Despite the considerable enthusiasm over it, there is appreciable research dearth on how far and in what …

Misappropriation And Patenting Of Traditional Ethnobotanical Knowledge And Genetic Resources, Maxim V. Gubarev

Journal of Food Law & Policy

Four-fifths of all pharmaceuticals have been developed from natural plant resources, and native plant resources similarly play a significant role in the development of new and improved crops.

Cows V. Capitalists: Visions Of A Post-Carbon Economy, Alison Peck

Journal of Food Law & Policy

I was tempted to entitle this book review something like, "Why the Farm Bill Is the Key to Our Energy Future (Hint: It's Not About Ethanol, Methane Emissions, or Carbon Sinks)." But in addition to being too long to fit across the header of a law review page, such a title would have been slightly misleading. Actually, in Simon Fairlie's view, our future is about ethanol, methane emissions, and carbon sinks - but not in the way our current agricultural policies understand and deal with these subjects.

At The Crossroads: Balancing Public Education And Wildlife Protection, Christopher Jackson

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

No abstract provided.

Spinning Sackett: Assessing New And Traditional Media Coverage So Far, Kim Diana Connolly

Other Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Eco-Labeling: An Argument For Regulation And Reform, Lauren Sherman

Pomona Senior Theses

This thesis analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of various types of eco-labels, focusing primarily on differences between mandatory and voluntary eco-labeling programs. I argue that many of the problems with eco-labeling could be addressed by improving regulations. The current regulation of eco-labeling in the United States is discussed, especially the shortcomings of the FTC’s Green Guides. I recommend creating enforceable national legislation to regulate environmental claims that includes involvement of key stakeholders, a list of acceptable environmental claims, enforceable national definitions of environmental terms, an avenue for manufacturers and consumers to challenge environmental claims, consumer education, and periodic review and …

Legal Constraints To The European Union’S Accession To The International Maritime Organization, Nengye Liu, Frank Maes

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

There is no doubt that the European Union (EU) has become a global actor. The global or intemational context in which the EU has sought to define its identity, promote its interests and constmct its policies, is increasingly seen as the stage on which the EU must act.' Frank Hoffmeister indicates that, the EU has been actively involved in most of the significant international organizations, though many of these organizadons have been less flexible regarding the full membership of the EU.

A Critical Analysis Of Redd+ Legal Architecture In Reducing Emissions From Forestry Sectors In Indonesian, I Gusti Agung Made Wardana

Indonesia Law Review

A new scheme called “Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries plus Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests, and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks” (REDD+) is being discussed to be one of the essential elements of the post-2012 global climate change regime. Many countries have put their proposal on the architectures of such scheme to the UNFCCC and demonstrated pilot projects on the ground as well. The research has been conducted to analyze critically the extent to which the REDD+ architecture being designed in Indonesia would be able to deliver climate effectiveness, costs efficient, equity outcomes and social …

Forest Policy And Legal Pluralism: A Case Study In Luwu District, Indonesia, Lukas Rumboko Wibowo, C. Woro Murdiati, Digby Race, Yustiana Ambarini Murdiningrum

Indonesia Law Review

This paper investigates how the potential of the newly enacted village forest policy to improve the welfare of local people and examines how different actors at local level perceive a legal framework suitable for improving the welfare of local people and enhancing local development. We conducted research through in-dept interviews involiving 75 respondents from different actors, such as policy makers, politician, village chief, customary chief and villagers. The research establish that forest policy on village forestry was a good option for local people to improve their welfare; however, litle understanding of the substance of the newly village forest policy of …

Tourism And Environment: Toward Promoting Sustainable Development Of Tourism: A Human Rights Perspective, Ni Ketut Supasti Dharmawan

Indonesia Law Review

Tourism activities in era globalization bring positive and negative impacts especially for the host countries destination. To minimize the negative impacts it is very important to always promote the sustainable development of tourism including from a human rights perspective. This paper will discuss concerning who have responsibility to promote a human rights related with sustainable development of tourism. To explore the topic in this article, Author will study both international human rights instruments and environmental convention as well as the soft law regarding the tourism sector such as the UN WTO Global Code Of Ethics. The Law No. 10 Year …

Tribes, Land, And The Environment, 1d, Sarah Krakoff, Ezra Rosser

Books

Legal and environmental concerns related to Indian law and tribal lands remain an understudied branch of both indigenous law and environmental law. Native American tribes have a far more complex relationship with the environment than is captured by the stereotype of Indians as environmental stewards. Meaningful tribal sovereignty requires that non-Indians recognize the right of Indians to determine their own relationship to the land and the environment. But tribes do not exist in a vacuum: in fact they are deeply affected by off-reservation activities and, similarly, tribal choices often have effects on nearby communities. This book brings together diverse essays …

Tribes As Conservation Easement Holders: Is A Partial Property Interest Better Than None?, Jessica Owley

Contributions to Books

Published as Chapter 8 in Tribes, Land, and the Environment, Sarah Krakoff & Ezra Rosser.

Exploring German And American Modes Of Pedagogical And Institutional Sustainability: Forging A Way Into The Future, Lindon N. Pronto

Pitzer Senior Theses

Rooted deep in Germany's past is its modern socio-political grounding for environmental respect and sustainability. This translates into individual and collective action and extends equally to the economic and policy realm as it does to educational institutions. This thesis evaluates research conducted in Germany with a view to what best approaches are transferable to the United States liberal arts setting. Furthermore, exemplary American models of institutional sustainability and environmental education are explored and combined with those from abroad to produce a blueprint and action plan fitting for the American college and university.

New Mexico Ex Rel. State Engineer V. Aamodt, No. 66cv6639 (D.N.M.), New Mexico State Engineer

Publications

No abstract provided.

Alone On A Wide Wide Sea: A National Security Rationale For Joining The Law Of The Sea Convention, James W. Houck

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

In the face of twenty-first century challenges to military maritime mobility, the question persists as to whether customary international law will remain a reliable foundation for U.S. maritime security interests in the future. To date, the U.S. has successfully conducted military operations sanctioned by the customary high seas freedoms of free navigation and overflight. However, with technological advances and heightened environmental and defense concerns, countries with coastal state interests may demand greater control over their near-shore waters, requiring the U.S. to reconsider its position outside the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This article addresses pertinent …

Book Review: Fuel Cycle To Nowhere: U.S. Law And Policy On Nuclear Waste, K.K. Duvivier

Sturm College of Law: Faculty Scholarship

Nuclear power remains controversial on many levels. On the up side, the lifecycle emissions for nuclear power are second lowest only to wind in comparison to all other primary sources of electricity generation. Nuclear power compares favorably against coal-generated electricity on additional fronts including fewer transportation impacts and before Fukushima, historically lower radiation releases than coal. Its land footprint per kilowatt hour is the smallest for any generation source, including renewables. Last, but not least, the United States has significant domestic reserves of uranium to fuel the plants. On the down side, the civilian nuclear power industry is not competitive …

Environmental Law At Maryland, No. 33, Spring/Summer 2012

Environmental Law at Maryland

No abstract provided.

Fracturing Regulation Applied, Hannah J. Wiseman

Scholarly Publications

No abstract provided.

Environmental And Energy Law Perspectives: Spring 2012, Environmental And Energy Law Program

Environmental and Energy Law Perspectives

No abstract provided.

Environmental Judicial Interpretation And Agency Review: An Empirical Investigation Of Judicial Decision-Making In The Clean Water Act And The Clean Air Act, John A. Sautter, Levente Littvay

Buffalo Environmental Law Journal

Political ideology has long been associated with the manner in which judges make judicial decisions. Extensive empirical research has established the link between a judge s political ideology and how they rule on cases. However, little research has been conducted specifically in environmental law. Indeed, what research is available looks at environmental law in general and has not asked any questions concerning how political ideology might affect decision-making concerning specific environmental statutes. This article seeks to partially fill this void by looking specifically at how political ideology affects whether judges affirm or reverse agency action with respect to the Clean …

The Erosion Of Federal Common Law: Anticipatory Delegation In American Electric Power Company V. Connecticut, Paul Winters

Buffalo Environmental Law Journal

Eleven plaintiffs brought a common law action, seeking injunctive relief against the six largest American producers of greenhouse gases. Because the EPA had not yet promulgated regulations governing the production of greenhouse gases, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals held that federal law had not displaced plaintiffs ' common law claim. The Supreme Court reversed, holding that even though regulations had not been promulgated, EPA occupied the field nevertheless. The decision marks an extension of the regulatory displacement of federal common law to regulations that are merely anticipated Such extension, or "anticipatory delegation, " represents an unacceptably large incursion into …

Tradable Standards For Clean Air Act Carbon Policy, Nathan D. Richardson, Dallas Butraw, Arthur G. Fraas

Faculty Publications

EPA is in the process of regulating U.S. greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions using its powers under the Clean Air Act. The likely next phase of this regulatory program is performance standards under Section 111 of the act for coal plants and petroleum refineries, which the agency has committed to finalize by the end of 2012. Section 111 appears to allow use of flexible, market-based regulatory tools. In this paper, we discuss one such tool, tradable standards. Tradable standards appear to be a legally and politically viable choice for the agency, and evidence suggests they are substantially more cost-effective than traditional …

Earth, Air, Water And Fire: The Classical Elements Confront Land And Energy, Steven Ferrey

Suffolk University Law School Faculty Works

For thousands of years, the classical theory, which was considered the best science of the time and was observed my most cultures and religions of the world, held that there were four basic elements from which everything in life was constructed: Earth, Water, Air and Fire. This classical theory anchored Hinduism, Buddhism, Chinese and Japanese religions, as well as Greek philosophy. From these classical elements, all matter was derived. From the time of Aristotle to relatively recent times, this theory persisted. These classical elements were thought to be at the core of alchemy in Medieval times.

This article transposes this …

Negotiating The Interface Of Environmental And Economic Governance: Nova Scotia's Environmental Goals And Sustainable Prosperity Act, William Lahey, Meinhard Doelle

Dalhousie Law Journal

The year 2012 marks the fifth anniversary of the Environmental Goals and Sustainable Prosperity Act (EGSPA). The Act is an experiment in improving government performance in promoting sustainable prosperity through the process of setting legislative goals and enhancing accountability This article provides an overview of the Act and an assessment of its performance over these first five years. As such, it supplies the context for the other contributions to the collection of essays on EGSPA in this issue of the Journal. The authors conclude that the Act has had a positive impact on government action on sustainable prosperity and that …