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Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

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Articles 271 - 300 of 313

Full-Text Articles in Environmental Law

Comparative Environmental Law Perspectives On Legal Regimes For Sustainable Development, Nicholas A. Robinson Jan 1998

Comparative Environmental Law Perspectives On Legal Regimes For Sustainable Development, Nicholas A. Robinson

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

As the world's largest summit meeting ended in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, the heads of state and their representatives assembled at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), commonly referred to as Agenda 21. They embraced Agenda 21 as “a dynamic programme” which can “evolve over time in the light of changing needs and circumstances,” and as a process making “the beginning of a new global partnership for sustainable development.” Agenda 21 is premised on two factual perspectives. First, the documentation of trends in the deterioration of the environmental conditions in many parts of the world is …

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Reducing Nitrogen Pollution On Long Island Sound: Is There A Place For Pollutant Trading?, Ann Powers Jan 1998

Reducing Nitrogen Pollution On Long Island Sound: Is There A Place For Pollutant Trading?, Ann Powers

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

The purpose of this article is to examine the legal adequacy of proposals now under consideration for a nitrogen trading program on Long Island Sound, and to assess the likelihood of success in light of the experience with other trading programs, both for water and air pollution. Part I outlines the current environmental condition of Long Island Sound and explains the factors which have led proponents of trading to believe such a program could be effective. In Part II we consider the essential elements of a trading program, and the lessons to be learned from the Clean Air Act programs. …

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Attaining Systems For Sustainability Through Environmental Law, Nicholas A. Robinson Jan 1997

Attaining Systems For Sustainability Through Environmental Law, Nicholas A. Robinson

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Five years have passed since the historic Earth Summit. Although significant progress has been made since Rio, much remains to be done. Poverty and environment degradation continue to affect the lives of millions of people in many parts of the world. Global warming, the loss of biological diversity, the spread of deserts, deforestation, the crisis in many of our cities remind us every day of the challenges which confront us. The unsustainable patterns of consumption and production continue to be the major cause of environmental degradation worldwide. This is therefore not an occasion for complacency or mindless celebration. It is, …

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Refracting The Spectrum Of Clean Water Act Standing In Light Of Lujan V. Defenders Of Wildlife, Karl S. Coplan Jan 1997

Refracting The Spectrum Of Clean Water Act Standing In Light Of Lujan V. Defenders Of Wildlife, Karl S. Coplan

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

First, this article will review the impetus and purposes for the Clean Water Act of 1972, including its citizen suit provision, particularly as these purposes relate to the elimination of specific harm or causation requirements in enforcement actions under its provisions. Second, this article will briefly review the basic elements of Article III standing requirements as enunciated by the Supreme Court, and the development of Supreme Court standing doctrine in environmental cases leading up to and including the Defenders of Wildlife decision. Then the article will survey the various approaches courts have taken in applying Article III standing doctrine to …

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Long Island Sound: A Bibliography Of Legal And Related Materials, Ann Powers Jan 1996

Long Island Sound: A Bibliography Of Legal And Related Materials, Ann Powers

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This bibliography is a contribution toward restoring and preserving Long Island Sound.

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The Law Of Sustainable Development, Nicholas A. Robinson Jan 1996

The Law Of Sustainable Development, Nicholas A. Robinson

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

I am going to talk briefly, as dictated by the format of this seminar, about the law of sustainable development and how it has been developing. Sustainable development is, today, the guiding theme for both public and private measures to improve social conditions and strengthen economic conditions around the world. It did not become a guiding theme overnight. The recognition that sustainable development is fundamental has been growing gradually. The concept recognizes that the sort of development that was popular in the 1960s and 1970s in the United States of America and elsewhere was, by itself, an inadequate base on …

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Summary Of The United States Seminar On Our National Environmental Laws, John R. Nolon Jan 1996

Summary Of The United States Seminar On Our National Environmental Laws, John R. Nolon

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

My objective today is to summarize the discussion that took place at a seminar we held in the United States which described and evaluated our nation's environmental protection laws. The purpose of that seminar was to draw from that experience lessons that should help us, and perhaps Argentina, as we both consider how to improve the laws that affect natural resource use and conservation in our countries.

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United States Pollution Control Laws, Jeffrey G. Miller Jan 1996

United States Pollution Control Laws, Jeffrey G. Miller

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

The environmental assessment process established by NEPA has been a success and was a step forward on the path of integrating environmental and economic policy. The national pollution abatement laws that were adopted in the decade after NEPA, however, operate in a very different fashion. They, too, have been very successful in a number of important respects, but have achieved less than we had hoped for because of certain flaws in their design. To analyze these laws for us, I would like to introduce another colleague, Professor Jeffery Miller, who has also travelled in Argentina. In fact, Professor Miller conducted …

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Welcome (Symposium On Framework Laws--The Key To Sustainable Development In The Americas), Richard L. Ottinger Jan 1996

Welcome (Symposium On Framework Laws--The Key To Sustainable Development In The Americas), Richard L. Ottinger

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This is a subject of deep interest to our law school. We have established one of the top environmental studies centers in the United States. In addition, we operate a nationally recognized energy law project, land use law center and international commercial law institute. Our interest is global and broad, focusing on the legal issues involved both in resource use and conservation and on applications at the local, national and international level. We take this broad approach for a simple reason: it is the approach that our graduates will have to take as they practice law in the global market …

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Fusing Economic And Environmental Policy: The Need For Framework Laws In The United States And Argentina, John R. Nolon Jan 1996

Fusing Economic And Environmental Policy: The Need For Framework Laws In The United States And Argentina, John R. Nolon

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

In an effort to discover the best legal strategies to respond to these new challenges, seminars were conducted among experts in economic development and environmental protection in both the United States and Argentina. The observations and recommendations of these experts have been summarized and published and will be referenced as appropriate. This article attempts to synthesize what was learned in these two seminars, the research conducted in preparation for them, and the ongoing discussion among the participants. It begins with a summary of the forces in both countries that call for a change in the legal system, shows how these …

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The National Land Use Policy Act, John R. Nolon Jan 1996

The National Land Use Policy Act, John R. Nolon

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Professor Miller talked about a particular road that we traveled beginning in the 1970s. Professor Robinson discussed a different road that we traveled when we adopted the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) in 1969. I would like to talk about the road not traveled, a road that led in the direction that Professor Miller just charted. We considered a different more comprehensive approach in the early 1970s when our national environmental policies were being formed. The time may be right to reconsider what we then narrowly rejected, both here and in Argentina.

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Seminar On The Law Of Sustainable Development--United States, John R. Nolon Jan 1996

Seminar On The Law Of Sustainable Development--United States, John R. Nolon

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Welcome to a video seminar on the Law of Sustainable Development in Argentina and the United States. Our plan is to record these proceedings and show segments of them at a similar seminar to be held next month in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

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The Stable Door Is Open: New York's Statutes To Protect Farm Land, John R. Nolon Feb 1995

The Stable Door Is Open: New York's Statutes To Protect Farm Land, John R. Nolon

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Daniel Webster, in his Remarks on Agriculture, asserted that "When tillage begins, other arts follow. The farmers, therefore, are the founders of human civilization." If Webster is right, civilization in New York State is floundering. Dutchess County recently witnessed the closing of the county's oldest dairy operation, Kay-Ray Farm. With Kay-Ray gone, Dutchess now has just over 50 farms left, down from over 100 in 1987 and from nearly 300 in 1972. What happened to this farm and this county is happening, to varying degrees, throughout the state. Legislatively, we have left the barn door ajar and the state's productive …

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Iucn's Proposed Covenant On Environment & Development, Nicholas A. Robinson Jan 1995

Iucn's Proposed Covenant On Environment & Development, Nicholas A. Robinson

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This article examines the genesis and scope of the IUCN draft Covenant. It (a) describes IUCN's interest and experience in preparing the proposed draft Covenant; (b) analyzes the roles the draft Covenant can serve; and (c) identifies some illustrative precedents for the Articles of the draft Covenant.

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The Case For State Pollution Taxes, Richard L. Ottinger Jan 1994

The Case For State Pollution Taxes, Richard L. Ottinger

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Pollution taxes are a sound environmental instrument. The principal means of controlling pollution in the United States is by command and control regulation, setting standards or limits on emissions and requiring particular pollution control technologies. Command and control regulation of pollution, while necessary to assure pollution reductions, has its limits. While much more certain of reducing pollution than pollution taxes would be, controls tend to be set only at levels that are politically acceptable. Seldom are the full social costs of pollution eliminated in pollution control standards, except where particularly noxious products are banned outright, such as the prohibitions against …

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The Erosion Of Home Rule Through The Emergence Of State-Interests In Land Use Control, John R. Nolon Jan 1993

The Erosion Of Home Rule Through The Emergence Of State-Interests In Land Use Control, John R. Nolon

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

The conventional wisdom is that New York's failure to adopt a comprehensive state-wide land use system is due to reluctance of the state legislature to diminish local control of land use. The purpose of this article is to explore that assumption as part of a larger examination of the proper course of land law reform in New York. The case and statutory law that have developed since the experiences of the early 1970s indicate that local “home rule” authority is neither a legal nor a political barrier to effective land use legislation in the broader state interest. Part II briefly …

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After A Decade: "Theory As Practice" At The Center For Environmental Legal Studies, Nicholas A. Robinson Jan 1993

After A Decade: "Theory As Practice" At The Center For Environmental Legal Studies, Nicholas A. Robinson

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

A scholarly center, with an ethically premised mission to further the remedial objectives of Environmental Law: this conception inspired establishment of Pace's Center For Environmental Legal Studies in 19821 when Professor Donald W. Stever, Jr., joined me in launching this new focus through which the Pace University School of Law's Environmental Law Faculty could use their expertise to further, refine, and fashion environmental protection and the conservation of natural resources. In the Center's first decade, our Environmental Faculty managed to exceed our Center's imagined goals, and as the Center enters its march to the year 2002, we are rethinking our …

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International Trends In Environmental Impact Assessment, Nicholas A. Robinson Jan 1992

International Trends In Environmental Impact Assessment, Nicholas A. Robinson

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This paper explores the range of legislation that has created the EIA mandate. A more comprehensive study of all EIA laws is under preparation by the Commission on Environmental Law of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, but this study will not be complete until 1992. In the absence of such an exhaustive analysis, this paper sketches the global legislative trends in EIA.

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Least Cost Electricity For Texas, Karl R. Rábago Jan 1992

Least Cost Electricity For Texas, Karl R. Rábago

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

The effects of consuming fossil fuels have disproportionately elevated human importance by the collective impact made on the world environment. Even the most buoyant optimist can be depressed by adding the global climactic changes of the greenhouse effect to a list that already includes air pollution, water pollution, soil contamination, health effects, balance of trade deficits, declining technological competitiveness, and vanishing natural resources. In Texas the primary source of electricity, and a major source of environmental problems, is the combustion of fossil fuels. This article introduces the reader to some of the environmental, economic, and regulatory challenges involved in responding …

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Footprints In The Shifting Sands Of The Isle Of Palms: A Practical Analysis Of Regulatory Takings Cases, John R. Nolon Jan 1992

Footprints In The Shifting Sands Of The Isle Of Palms: A Practical Analysis Of Regulatory Takings Cases, John R. Nolon

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

It was not until the last day of the term, June 29, 1992, that the Court decided Lucas. By that time, interest could not have been greater. At issue was the validity of a regulation that prohibited all permanent development of the plaintiff's two beachfront lots. The South Carolina Supreme Court upheld the regulation by a 3-2 margin because it prevented a “great public harm.” The U.S. Supreme Court reversed that determination and remanded the case to determine whether South Carolina's common law of nuisance could prohibit the construction of single-family housing on the lots. The fractured Court delivered an …

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What Comes Out Must Go In: Cooling Water Intakes And The Clean Water Act, Karl R. Rábago Jan 1992

What Comes Out Must Go In: Cooling Water Intakes And The Clean Water Act, Karl R. Rábago

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

It is time to measure progress under section 316 of the Clear Water Act, the one section of the Act that focuses not on discharges, but on intakes. Part II of this Article discusses the environmental hazards in more detail and explains how cooling water intakes produce them. Part III of this Article examines the history of regulation and nonregulation under section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act, describes the development of the "common law" concerning the regulation of cooling water intakes, and explores the effect of EPA's regulatory actions and omissions on state regulatory efforts. Part IV assesses the …

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The Regulation Of Green Advertising: The State, The Market And The Environmental Good, David S. Cohen Jan 1991

The Regulation Of Green Advertising: The State, The Market And The Environmental Good, David S. Cohen

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

In this paper I explore this most recent development in regulatory policy and, in particular, the role government plays when it chooses to use private markets (consumer, institutional and corporate) as regulatory instruments to produce and allocate environmental benefits. The privatization of environmental regulation by employing markets to deliver environmental benefits does not involve the implementation of public policy through executive or legislative action. Rather, it is achieved through a public choice to privatize the delivery of environmental regulation by permitting or encouraging decentralized economic power to respond to consumer demands for environmental quality.

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Energy And Environmental Challenges For Developed And Developing Countries, Richard L. Ottinger Jan 1991

Energy And Environmental Challenges For Developed And Developing Countries, Richard L. Ottinger

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Energy for development utilizing traditional supply investments, estimated to cost $1.4 - $4 trillion through 2010, will be unaffordable both for recipients and lenders. The capital required, even if obtainable, would squeeze out capital for all other development requirements and would pose unacceptable environmental and cleanup costs. Upgrading existing energy supply systems would cost a fraction of new supply. Energy efficiency and environmentally benign renewables can at least halve new supply capital requirements and avoid their environmental costs. Least cost planning by lenders and recipients, on the basis of total system life cycle costs, for both energy and non-energy related …

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Soviet Environmental Protection: The Challenge For Legal Studies, Nicholas A. Robinson Jan 1989

Soviet Environmental Protection: The Challenge For Legal Studies, Nicholas A. Robinson

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

The five essays by Soviet environmental law specialists published in this volume of the Pace Environmental Law Review provide insights into the contemporary debate in the USSR about how to protect nature. Before commenting on each essay, it is useful to sketch out the problems which the Soviet Union is encountering as it struggles to cope with its substantial pollution and widespread natural resource misuse.

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Jurisdiction For Citizens To Enforce Against Violations Of The Clean Water Act, Jeffrey G. Miller Jan 1989

Jurisdiction For Citizens To Enforce Against Violations Of The Clean Water Act, Jeffrey G. Miller

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

The First Annual Pace National Environmental Moot Court Competition was a splendid event. The students, faculty and administration of Pace were proud to host it. The Competition differs in many ways from other competitions. First, it features a field of law that has only recently become a major focus of legal practice. It is appropriate that Pace, a young law school, sponsor a competition in a new field of law. Second, the Competition's arguments are between three teams (government, industry and environmental advocates) rather than the traditional two. This is appropriate to the many sided nature of environmental disputes. Third, …

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Public Rights In The Navigable Streams Of New York, John A. Humbach Jan 1989

Public Rights In The Navigable Streams Of New York, John A. Humbach

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the New York judicial decisions bearing on the public's right to use the state's navigable streams and waterways. The cases have been organized into a logical framework, in outline form, in order to give future researchers ready access to the relevant judicial materials. Wherever possible, the main thrust of the cases has been presented in the court's own words. Brief narrative summaries of the case law are provided under the main outline headings. An attempt has been made to include a reference to every New York case relevant to public use of freshwater …

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The U.S. - U.S.S.R. Agreement To Protect The Environment: 15 Years Of Cooperation, Nicholas A. Robinson Jan 1988

The U.S. - U.S.S.R. Agreement To Protect The Environment: 15 Years Of Cooperation, Nicholas A. Robinson

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This Article will discuss the origins and operation of the Environmental Bilateral, its functioning in international law, and its contribution to environmental law in each country.

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Expanding Traditional Land Use Authority Through Environmental Legislation: The Regulation Of Affordable Housing, John R. Nolon Jan 1988

Expanding Traditional Land Use Authority Through Environmental Legislation: The Regulation Of Affordable Housing, John R. Nolon

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This article is devoted to an examination of local land use regulation in the context of the use of SEQRA and its mandate, to mitigate environmental impacts to require the provision of affordable housing in high cost housing markets. As such, it looks at one contemporary manifestation of the growth of police power authority to meet new land use challenges.

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Perestroika And Priroda: Environmental Protection In The Ussr, Nicholas A. Robinson Jan 1988

Perestroika And Priroda: Environmental Protection In The Ussr, Nicholas A. Robinson

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This article reviews the initial Soviet decisions through 1988, applying perestroika to the problem of protecting priroda. Surveyed here is the scope of the ecological problems in the USSR and traditional responses, followed by an examination of the current Soviet policy to restructure its administrative and legal system for environmental protection. These initial reforms will not all result in a direct or immediate improvement of the Soviet environmental protection regime. For instance, the reforms also are stimulating the Soviet "not in my backyard" (NIMBY) phenomenon, or local opposition to the siting of developments ranging from electrical power plants, to facilities …

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A Comparative Analysis Of New Jersey's Mount Laurel Cases With The Berenson Cases In New York, John R. Nolon Jan 1986

A Comparative Analysis Of New Jersey's Mount Laurel Cases With The Berenson Cases In New York, John R. Nolon

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Due to the widespread concern over the lack of affordable housing in New York, renewed interest has been expressed in the landmark case of Berenson v. Town of New Castle. That case and an associated line of decisions define the legal rules that will be used by the courts in New York to decide whether municipal zoning unconstitutionally excludes affordable types of housing. Interest has been piqued further by two recent lower court cases in New York which differ greatly in their approach to defining the legal standards to be used in reviewing allegedly exclusionary land use practices.

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