Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons^™

The Dawn Of A New Era: Antitrust Law Vs. The Antiquated Ncaa Compensation Model Perpetuating Racial Injustice, Amanda L. Jones

Northwestern University Law Review

Two crises in 2020 fueled the fire underlying a debate that has been smoldering for years: whether student athletes should be compensated. The COVID-19 pandemic coincided with the Black Lives Matter movement and drew unprecedented attention to systemic racism permeating society, including college sports that rely disproportionately on Black men risking physical harm to support an entire industry. The Supreme Court’s decision in NCAA v. Alston opened the door for some athletic conferences to offer student athletes unlimited education-related benefits and called out the NCAA’s business model that relies on not paying student athletes under the justification of amateurism. Alston …

The Ethics Of Sign Stealing In College Football, Joshua D. Winneker, Ian Silfies

Marquette Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Seal Has Been Lifted: Ncaa And Predominantly White Colleges Must Soon Stop Exploiting Their Black Athletes, Daniel Bartlett

American University Business Law Review

This Comment argues that passing the Amateur Athletes Protection and Compensation Rights Act of 2021 (AAPCA), Fair Pay to Play Act, and similar legislation will allow college athletes to rightfully profit from their names, images, and likenesses and open the door for star athletes to choose HBCUs over traditional Power Five sports programs. Part II of this Comment will explain the legislative and procedural battles student-athletes have faced when arguing against the NCAA for the right to earn compensation. Traditionally the NCAA has avoided compensating its athletes, and courts have avoided tackling the issue. Part III will analyze previous litigation …

Using The Internal Revenue Code To Limit Coaching Salaries: A Proposal To Bring Amateurism Back Into College Football, Blaire Mikesell

Indiana Law Journal

Since formal collegiate athletic competitions began in 1852, they have gained popularity and become a mainstay in American culture. This rise in popularity coupled with increased media coverage allowed college athletics, and particularly college football, to grow into a successful business that generates billions of dollars in revenue each year. Colleges and institutions earn this athletic revenue as tax-free income due to their tax-exempt status under the Internal Revenue Code § 501(c)(3) tax-exemption statute. The basic policy underlying this statute is as follows: colleges and universities provide an important benefit to the public by providing education, and in exchange for …

Blood, Sweat, Tears: A Re-Examination Of The Exploitation Of College Athletes, Keely Grey Fresh

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

2021 Louise Halper Award Winner for Best Student Note

The unrest revolving around compensation for college athletes is not a new concept. However, public attitudes are shifting. With spirited arguments on both sides, and the recent Supreme Court decision of National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Alston regarding antitrust exemptions, the issue has been placed in a spotlight. This Note examines the buildup of discontentment through the history of the NCAA and amateurism, specifically how the term “student-athlete” became coined. It will then move to litigation efforts by athletes in an attempt to gain employment status, and an alternative route of …

Improving Gender Equity Through The Controlling Authority Of The Ncaa, Lauren Mccoy Coffey

Marquette Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

Title Ix Hypocrisy Continues After Ncaa V. Alston, Maci Edwards, Walter Champion

Marquette Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

Assessing Amateurism In College Sports, Casey E. Faucon

Washington and Lee Law Review

College sports generate approximately $8 billion each year for the National C[artel] Athletic Association and its member institutions. Most of this revenue flows from lucrative television broadcasting deals, which often incorporate the right to commercialize and sell the names, images, and likenesses of college athletes. Under its current revenue scheme, student-athletes—85 percent of whom live below the poverty line—receive a share of zero. For over a century, we’ve justified this exploitative distribution scheme under a cloak of student-athlete “amateurism.” Antitrust challenges to the NCAA’s amateurism rules clash with the assumption that “amateurism” is a revered tradition and an important tenet …

Like And Subscribe: The Fight For Student Athletes’ Nil Rights, Jovanny Nava

SLU Law Journal Online

Recent developments in state law concerning student athlete’s ability to monetize their name, image, and likeness, as well as the Supreme Court’s recent ruling striking down similar restrictions, does not bode well for the NCAA’s remaining policies. In this article, Jovanny Nava explores the implications of these developments.

Alston And The Dejudicialization Of Antitrust, Richard D. Friedman

Articles

A curious feature of NCAA v. Alston is the shoe that didn’t drop, at least not immediately. “Put simply,” Justice Gorsuch wrote for a unanimous Court, “this suit involves admitted horizontal price fixing in a market where the defendants exercise monopoly control.” Given that this pronouncement occurred on page fourteen of the Court’s opinion, one might have expected that the opinion would end on, say, page fifteen, for if there has been one fixed point in American antitrust law it has been that horizontal price-fixing, especially but not only by those with monopoly power, is per se illegal. Instead, the …

Sb 206: The Beginning Of The End For Athletic Exploitation, Rachel Rosenblum

Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review

No abstract provided.

Amateur Hour Is Over: Time For College Athletes To Clock In Under The Flsa, Nicholas C. Daly

Georgia State University Law Review

The debate surrounding the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s (NCAA) amateurism principles has waged for decades. The governing body of college athletics insists that the athletes who compete on a daily basis should not—or shall not—receive any compensation in exchange for their services while NCAA executives line their pockets with billions of dollars each year. This concept of “no pay for play” has drawn national criticism since the NCAA created the term “student-athlete” in the 1950s to combat a workers’ compensation claim. The amateurism principles were concocted as an attempt to prevent college athletes from being classified as employees of their …

Power To The Player: Freedom Of Speech, The Right To Protest, And Student-Athlete Claims Against The Ncaa, Tyler M. Horn

Marquette Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Losing Mentality: An Analysis Of The Duty Owed By Universities To Provide Their Student-Athletes With Mental Health Services, Marnae Mawdsley

Marquette Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

Step One: Solving The Ncaa Sexual Assault Problem, Aaron Hernandez

Marquette Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

Liability Redefined: The Application Of Agency Law To An Athletic Booster's Relationship With An Ncaa Member Institution, Jennifer Lee

The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law

This comment draws parallels between agency law and the role of athletic boosters in a university context. This comment suggests that universities should not be held liable for the actions of third-party boosters unless the university had knowledge of the booster’s conduct or lacked an adequate system of internal controls.

The Ncaa's Breaking Point For Equal Opportunity: A Title Ix Perspective On Name, Image, And Likeness Sponsorship Legislation, Joshua C. Sorbe

Honors Thesis

This paper analyzes the efficacy of Title IX when considering national name, image, and likeness (NIL) legislation and NCAA Division I athletic department expenditure behavior. To answer this question, I analyzed Title IX’s legislative history, current compliance rules, recent litigation, and academic literature. Using publicly-available data reported to the US Department of Education, I performed regression analysis on institutional characteristics and expenditure behaviors to assess the impact that spending behavior has on gender equity. My results show that revenue-generating sports had a large impact on spending equity, and disparities in expenditures are more distinct than participation. Ultimately, the market-based exceptions …

Sports Law In Law Reviews And Journals, Audrey Johnson

Marquette Sports Law Review

None

A Commitment To The Whole Athlete: Embracing The Role Of Cannabinoids In Collegiate Athletics, Kelli Rodriguez Currie

Seattle University Law Review

Cannabinoids can be a highly effective way for athletes to combat various kinds of pain associated with intense training. Derivatives of cannabis, such as marijuana, have been used for centuries as a form of pain relief. Part I of this Article discusses how cannabinoids are used in sports medicine. Part II discusses the different approaches to marijuana and cannabidiol use across sports leagues. Part III highlights the inconsistencies between the NCAA’s approach to testing for substance abuse and its investment in student-athletes’ well-being. Part IV discusses how the NCAA must focus on student-athlete health. Finally, Part V concludes that the …

Should The Ncaa Have To Pay? Long-Term Injuries In College Athletics, Improper Assumptions Of Risk, And Coverage Of Medical Expenses After College, Alexandrea Jacinto

Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal

Student-athletes spend years training, perfecting their sport, and working hard in school in order to make it to the big leagues: Division I College Athletics. However, when student-athletes finally get there, they are met with empty promises, and often leave with injuries that no one took the time to warn them about. That is because, despite being told that they must sign an agreement with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (“NCAA”) which binds them to the organization’s rules, athletes learn quickly that the other side of that agreement is rarely, if ever, upheld when they need it. Courts fail to …

Wrongful Death: Does The Ncaa Have An Affirmative Duty To Protect Its Student-Athletes?, Rae-Anna Sollestre

Marquette Sports Law Review

None

The Only Game In Town: An Examination Of The Ncaa's Anticompetitive Conduct, Taylor Skaggs

Marquette Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

Compensation Is All-American: Former College Football Star Chris Spielman’S Case Against His Alma Mater And How It Could Affect The Ncaa’S Amateurism Rules, Jason Mcintyre

Pace Law Review

The lawsuit, Spielman v. IMG College, arose when Ohio State University (“OSU”) entered into a marketing deal through their marketing agency, IMG College (“IMG”), with corporations Honda Motor Co. (“Honda”) and Nike USA Inc. (“Nike”), to hang banners depicting images of former college athletes at school sporting events. Charles “Chris” Spielman, the named Plaintiff and former NCAA football player at OSU, brought this lawsuit because he claims that OSU and IMG unreasonably and illegally restrained trade by denying him the right to profit from his name, image, and likeness.

This case plays a role in the ongoing conversation of whether …

The Blue Devil's In The Details: How A Free Market Approach To Compensating College Athletes Would Work, David A. Grenardo

Pepperdine Law Review

Everyone involved in the business of major college athletics, except the athletes, receives compensation based on a free market system. The National Collegiate Athletic Association’s (NCAA) cap on athlete compensation violates antitrust law, and athletes should be allowed to earn their free market value as everyone else does in this country. This Article provides a detailed approach to compensating college athletes under a free market model, which includes a salary cap, the terms of a proposed standard player’s contract, a discussion of who can represent players, and payment simulations for football and basketball teams. A free market approach would not …

The Flsa And The Ncaa's Potential Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day, Sam Ehrlich

Loyola of Los Angeles Entertainment Law Review

The NCAA is at a crossroads with student-athlete compensation. Over the past few decades, the NCAA and its partners have faced lawsuits from several different angles with essentially one consistent argument: Student-athletes deserve to be compensated for what they provide to colleges and universities.

In two such lawsuits—Dawson v. NCAA and Livers v. NCAA—the plaintiffs have attempted a new strategy: arguing that revenue sport student- athletes are employees under the Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”). These cases have gained some traction, and the distinctive protections granted to employees under the FLSA present unique challenges worth exploring.

This Article analyzes the …

Out Of Bounds: A Critical Race Theory Perspective On "Pay For Play", Kevin D. Brown, Antonio Williams

Articles by Maurer Faculty

Under the amateur/education model, the amount of funding that colleges and universities can provide to their student-athletes is limited to the athletes' cost of attending their institution. This model makes sense for most college sports, but National Collegiate Athletic Association ("NCAA") Division I Football Bowl Subdivision and Division I men's basketball tend to generate almost all the revenue to fund their institution's entire athletic programs-as well as a substantial percentage of the revenues received by the NCAA. Furthermore is the realization that a majority of the elite athletes in these two revenue-generating sports are black. As revenues generated by these …

This Is Our House! - The Tax Man Comes To College Sports, Kathryn Kisska-Schulze

Marquette Sports Law Review

None

An Empirical Evaluation Of Eada And Ncaa College Sports Financial Data: Applications For Research And Litigation, Ted Tatos

Marquette Sports Law Review

None

Whose Fault Is It Anyway? How Sexual Abuse Has Plagued The United States Olympic Movement And Its Athletes, Katherine Hampel

Marquette Sports Law Review

None

Bridging The Ncaa's Accident Insurance Coverage Gaps? A Deep Dive Into The Uncertainties Of Injury Coverage In College Contact Sports, And The Impact That Has On Athletes' Future Physical And Financial Comfort, Nicole Kline

Journal of Law and Health

This Note analyzes the flaws in the NCAA’s current accidental injury health coverage policies for student-athletes and suggests ways to remedy the issues that plague student-athletes incurring serious injuries that may not be covered under current policies. Part I of this Note outlines the history of the NCAA and the policies relevant to the issues with accidental injury coverage currently in place. Part II looks at the significance of these coverage gaps in today’s world of modern medicine and technology as well as the impact they have on the everyday life of college athletes. Part III suggests solutions to bridge …