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Full-Text Articles in Energy and Utilities Law

Distinction Between Governmental And Proprietary Functions Of Municipal Corporations, Delmar W. Doddridge Feb 1925

Distinction Between Governmental And Proprietary Functions Of Municipal Corporations, Delmar W. Doddridge

Michigan Law Review

There are many places in the law where the making of a distinction has resulted in a difficulty in application that has greatly increased litigation, but there are few places where this is more true than in the distinction made between the governmental and the proprietary functions of municipal corporations. The distinction has taken a firm grip upon the law of municipal corporations and seems well settled, although its propriety as applied to particular subjects may be doubted. The terminology of the distinction is in itself productive of doubt, the function or duty in the one branch being denominated "governmental", …


The Principle Of Reparation Applied To Rate Regulation, A. H. Ryall Jan 1925

The Principle Of Reparation Applied To Rate Regulation, A. H. Ryall

Michigan Law Review

Those instruments of service, commonly called "Public Utilities", have become an essential part of our every day life, if not of our civilization. It is not until we enumerate their uses that we fully appreciate our constant dependence upon them.


Fair Value Of Public Utilities, Edwin C. Goddard Jun 1924

Fair Value Of Public Utilities, Edwin C. Goddard

Michigan Law Review

Such being the decisions, we turn to the practical working of the theories that have been applied. The law is a practical subject. Even in so sacred a matter as protection of property, rules of law should regard the practical results of any theory. A theory that works badly, presumptively at least, is defective, and may be wrong. The guaranties of the Constitution were made for man, not man for the guaranties, and a conception of property that does not work out for the advantage of man may raise a query whether the Constitution demands that conception. It was that …


Fair Value Of Public Utilities, Edwin C. Goddard May 1924

Fair Value Of Public Utilities, Edwin C. Goddard

Michigan Law Review

It has been often remarked that the property of a public utility is privately owned, and it was not until recent years that its owners ceased to insist that they had all the rights of a private owner in the use and enjoyment of the property. Munn v. Illinois was a rude jar, but it has withstood the storm it aroused, at least to the extent that it is no longer questioned that property devoted to a public use is subject to public regulation, especially as to the charges that may be made to the public for the use. During …


Recent Developments In Regard To Rate Regulation, Thomas Porter Hardman Jan 1924

Recent Developments In Regard To Rate Regulation, Thomas Porter Hardman

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


Public Utility Valuation Dec 1923

Public Utility Valuation

Michigan Law Review

It has been so often remarked that the "valuation" of public utilities is determined by no rule of thumb, that there are no fixed rules or formulas to guide courts or commissions, that determination of value as a rate base is matter of judgment and discretion in each case, Minnesota Rate Cases, 230 U. S. 352, 434, that the statement has come to be believed by reason in part of its much repetition. It is usually accepted as axiomatic. The glorious uncertainty resulting from such an admission will continue so long as judgments of one man or set of …


Eminent Domain--Electricity--Easements, H. C. H. Nov 1923

Eminent Domain--Electricity--Easements, H. C. H.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


Railway Valuation In Condemnation Proceedings--Relation To Rate Making Jun 1923

Railway Valuation In Condemnation Proceedings--Relation To Rate Making

Michigan Law Review

ln England the reproduction cost of a railroad is disregarded in fixing the price which a government must pay on taking over the property. Grand Trunk Ry. v. The King [1923] A. C. 150, which affirmed the decision of two out of three arbitrators that the preferred and common stockholders should get nothing, inasmuch as the earning capacity of the railroad gave them no value, and the "reproduction" or "reconstruction'' or "replacement" value of the railroad was immaterial. Mr. Taft, now Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, was one of the arbitrators and dissented. The opinions …


Is A Municipal Fuel-Yard A "Public Service Plant"? Feb 1923

Is A Municipal Fuel-Yard A "Public Service Plant"?

Michigan Law Review

In Consumers Coal Co. et al. v. City of Lincoln, et al. (Neb. 1922) 18g N. W. 643, the supreme court of Nebraska held that a municipal fuel-yard, selling fuel at retail to the inhabitants of the city, was not a "public service plant" authorized by a section of the city charter which empowered the city to acquire, own and operate gas and electric plants, street railways, telephone plants, "and any and all other public service plants and properties, for the purpose of supplying the city and the inhabitants thereof with such service and public utilities.'' The suit was …


Public Utility Valuation, Edwin C. Goddard Jan 1923

Public Utility Valuation, Edwin C. Goddard

Articles

It has been so often remarked that the "valuation" of public utilities is determined by no rule of thumb, that there are no fixed rules or formulas to guide courts or commissions, that determination of value as a rate base is matter of judgment and discretion in each case, Minnesota Rate Cares, 230 U. S. 352, 434, that the statement has come to be believed by reason in part of its much repetition. It is usually accepted as axiomatic. The glorious uncertainty resulting from such an admission will continue so long as judgments of one man or set of men …


Is A Municipal Fuel Yard A 'Public Service Plant'?, Evans Holbrook Jan 1923

Is A Municipal Fuel Yard A 'Public Service Plant'?, Evans Holbrook

Articles

In Consumers' Coal Co. et al. v. City of Lincoln, et al. (Neb. 1922) 189 N. W. 643, the supreme court of Nebraska held that a municipal fuel-yard, selling fuel at retail to the inhabitants of the city, was not a "public service plant" authorized by a section of the city charter which empowered the city to acquire, own and operate gas and electric plants, street railways, telephone plants, "and any and all other public service plants and properties, for the purpose of supplying the city and the inhabitants thereof with such service and public utilities." The suit was brought …


Labor And The Law In The Public Utility Field, George Jarvis Thompson Nov 1922

Labor And The Law In The Public Utility Field, George Jarvis Thompson

Michigan Law Review

To the cynical this title may suggest a rhetorical antithesis, and the average citizen cannot but be a bit cynical as a result of his observation and experience of the actuality of the failure of the law to function for the preservation of the continuity of these essential public services in the frequently recurring outbreaks between organized capital and organized labor. In a great measure, he has only himself to blame for this unfortunate condition. He lent ear to the vote-seeking politician and to the propaganda of the interested parties, taking sides with one or the other without thought of …


The Next Step In Public Utilities Regulation, George Jarvis Thompson Jun 1922

The Next Step In Public Utilities Regulation, George Jarvis Thompson

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


New Public Utilities, T. P. H. Apr 1922

New Public Utilities, T. P. H.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


Book Reviews, Edwin C. Goddard, Edwin D. Dickinson Nov 1921

Book Reviews, Edwin C. Goddard, Edwin D. Dickinson

Michigan Law Review

The plight of the public utilities following the World War has been shouted in a babel of demands for increased rates from one and all. The public has turned a doubting or hostile ear to these demands, and the utilities have overwhelmed the utility commissions with a vast mass of evidence to prove their case. None seem to have been harder hit than the electric railways. Some have ceased to operate, automobiles have already made deep cuts in their revenues, and there are not wanting those who predict that the electric railways, operating on fixed tracks, are already out of …


Note And Comment, Edwin C. Goddard, Edson R. Sunderland, George D. Clapperton, Herman A. August Jun 1921

Note And Comment, Edwin C. Goddard, Edson R. Sunderland, George D. Clapperton, Herman A. August

Michigan Law Review

Public Utility Valuations and Rates - In comparing the reports of the public utility commissions with the decisions of the courts on questions of valuation of public utilities, nothing is more striking than this-that as time goes on the commissions are growingly impatient of the cost of reproduction theory, while the courts still insist there is no inflexible method of fixing value, but continue to prefer largely figures as to supposed reproduction cost. This attitude of the commissions is remarkable in view of the fact that every finding may be carried to the courts for review and possible reversal. The …


Interstate Commerce--Control By States--Regulation Of Interstate Transmission Of Natural Gas And Electricity Jan 1921

Interstate Commerce--Control By States--Regulation Of Interstate Transmission Of Natural Gas And Electricity

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


State Regulation Of Interstate Transmission Of Natural Gas And Electricity, T. P. H. Jan 1921

State Regulation Of Interstate Transmission Of Natural Gas And Electricity, T. P. H.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


What Constitutes A Public Service, T. P. H. Jan 1920

What Constitutes A Public Service, T. P. H.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


Public Utilities—Franchise Rates As Affected By The World War, Edwin C. Goddard Jan 1920

Public Utilities—Franchise Rates As Affected By The World War, Edwin C. Goddard

Articles

The economic convulsions due to the World War are abundantly reflected in the relations between the public and their public utilities operating under franchises fixing rates for service. The enormous rise in cost of labor and materials has, in many cases, so reduced the net income of such utilities as to make it a negative quantity at existing franchise rates. The utilities are crying to be saved from bankruptcy, but the unfortunate suspicion bred by past dealings of many such companies has made the public skeptical, and perhaps in many cases entirely unreasonable. In some cases plain selfishness may explain …


Public Utility Valuation - Cost Of Reproduction Theory And The World War, Edwin C. Goddard Jan 1920

Public Utility Valuation - Cost Of Reproduction Theory And The World War, Edwin C. Goddard

Articles

The very grave objections to the cost-of-reproduction theory of valuation of public utilities was pointed out at large in 15 MICH. L. REV. 205. The violent price changes following the World War have greatly increased the weight of these objections to calling anything a base which rests on such uncertainties and fluctuations as cost-of-reproduction. A base should be stable, but this has the stability Of a flying machine. There had been a rising curve of costs from 1893 to 1916, but since that date the rise has been almost vertical. The public utilities by- the thousands desire to take advantage …


Waiver By A State Of The Right To Regulate Rates, T. P. H. Nov 1919

Waiver By A State Of The Right To Regulate Rates, T. P. H.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


Public Utilities--Valuation For Purposes Of Rate Regulation--Separate Allowance For "Going Value" Apr 1918

Public Utilities--Valuation For Purposes Of Rate Regulation--Separate Allowance For "Going Value"

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


Going Value As Value For Purposes Of Rate Regulation, Thomas Porter Hardman Jan 1918

Going Value As Value For Purposes Of Rate Regulation, Thomas Porter Hardman

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


Public Utility Valuation - Going-Concern Value In Rate Making, Edwin C. Goddard Jan 1918

Public Utility Valuation - Going-Concern Value In Rate Making, Edwin C. Goddard

Articles

What is the effect of a city ordinance which proposes to a public utility company the terms on which it may dispose of its product to the users, but which is rejected by the company? As to a company not yet doing business it is clear that the ordinance when rejected becomes a mere legal nullity. It never was more than an offer that might ripen into a binding contract by acceptance. That it is by no means a nullity as to a utility actually operating in the city after the expiration of its franchise and as a mere tenant …


Public Utility Valuation, Edwin C. Goddard Jan 1917

Public Utility Valuation, Edwin C. Goddard

Articles

EVERY consideration of valuation of a public utility, whether for the purpose of condemnation for purchase or as a basis for fixing rates or permitting the issue of stock or bonds, must start from Sinyth v. Ames, and the rule therein laid down by HARLAN, J., at page 546: "We hold, however, that the basis of all calculations as to the reasonableness of rates to be charged by a corporation maintaining a highway under legislative sanction must be the fair value of the property being used by it for the convenience of the public. And in order to ascertain that …


Recent Important Decisions Nov 1914

Recent Important Decisions

Michigan Law Review

A collection of recent important court decisions.


Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review May 1912

Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Bankruptcy--Actos of Bankruptcy--Partnership Preferences; Bankruptcy--constitutional Protection Afforded by the Fourth and Fifth Amendments to the Constitution; Bankruptcy--Interest--When Payable After Date of Filing Petition and up to date of Payment; Banks and Banking--Payment of Check to Wrong Person--Estoppel; Bills and Notes--Construction of Instrument--Negotiable Notes; bills and Notes--Indorsers--Notice of Dishonor by Telephone--Sufficiency; constitutional Law--Due Process of Law--Criminal Insane; electricity--Interfering Currents; Equity--Injunction Against Unfair Competition; Fishery--In Gross or Appurtenant; Homestead--Abandonment--Removal From State; Insanity--Court Cannot Interfere if Defendant has Refused to Set it up as a Defense at the Trial; Insurance--Foreign Insurance Companies--Liability on Losses Occurring After Dissolution; Libel and Slander--Qualified Privilege--Priest and Congregation; …


Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review Jun 1910

Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Attorney and Client--Application for License--Power of Court; Bills and Notes--Accommodation Maker--Evidence Excluded to Change Liability; Carriers--Conclusiveness of Ticket Between Conductor and Passenger; Constitutional Law--Police Power--Equal Protection of Laws--"Public Dancing Academy"; Copyrights--Infringement--Musical Composition; Damages--Breach of Contract; Damages--Excessive; Deeds--Grantee a Deceased Person; Divorce--Enforcement of Order Allowing Alimony Pendente Lite; Equity--Injunction--Right of a Fraternal Order to Prevent Infringement of Its Name; Equity--Specific Performance--Contract Not Enforceable as a Whole; Evidence--Limitation of Number of Witnesses--When Reversible Error; Executors and Administrators--Liability for Funeral Expenses; Gas Companies--Right to Withdraw from Municipality; Husband and Wife--Community or Separate Property--Presumption; Husband and Wife--right to Separate Maintenance--Consideration; Landlord and Tenant--Breach of …


Liability Of Water Companies For Losses By Fire In Actions Of Tort, Ralph W. Aigler Jan 1910

Liability Of Water Companies For Losses By Fire In Actions Of Tort, Ralph W. Aigler

Articles

In Fisher v. Greensboro Water Supply Company, 128 N. C. 375, it was held that the defendant water company was liable in damages in an action of tort for negligent failure to furnish sufficient water pressure in the mains of the city, by reason of which negligence the plaintiff's house was burned. The only duty on the part of the defendant to furnish water grew out of a contract made by the company with the city and the fact that the defendant had entered upon the business of supplying water pursuant to such contract.