Dispute Resolution and Arbitration Commons^™

Decriminalizing Violence: A Critique Of Restorative Justice And Proposal For Diversionary Mediation, M. Eve Hanan

All Faculty Scholarship

The movement to reduce over-prosecution and mass incarceration has focused almost exclusively on non-violent offenders despite data showing that over half of all prisoners incarcerated within the United States are sentenced for crimes of violence. As a consequence of the focus on nonviolent offenses, the majority of current and future defendants will not benefit from initiatives offering alternatives to criminal prosecution and incarceration.

A discussion of alternatives to the criminal justice system in cases of violent crime must begin by acknowledging that violent crime is not monolithic. Many incidents meet the statutory elements of a violent crime, that is, the …

The Hopes And Fears Of All The Years: 30 Years Behind And The Road Ahead For The Widespread Use Of Mediation, Lela P. Love, Ellen A. Waldman

Articles

Looking through the windshield in 1985, the dispute resolution community was enthusiastic about mediation's promise: the promise of a radically different paradigm premised on party-driven resolution and collaborative decision-making. Peering ahead, mediation's pioneers anticipated a quiet revolution in conflict management toward more therapeutic and democratic processes. What do events in the last three decades tell us about the high and low points — the successes and failures — in the journey of that endeavor? Looking forward, how might we best align reality with our highest aspirations and avoid the disappointing troughs we encountered in those past decades? This article addresses …

Informal Dispute Resolution Based On Adat Law: A Case Study Of Land Dispute In Flores, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, Najmu Laila Sopian

Indonesia Law Review

The issue of law enforcement is central to land property rights. Modes of property rights enforcement can be performed either with or without intervention of the state. This article focuses on the latter mode of enforcement; that is, how people manage to enforce their land rights without the involvement of state institutions and to what extent informal arrangements can offer effective enforcement and secure land property rights. This article also contributes to the debate on how formal and informal institutions can be used to secure property rights and resolve disputes over land ownership. In particular, this paper examines how the …

Transforming News: How Mediation Principles Can Depolarize Public Talk, Carol Pauli

Faculty Scholarship

News media interviews bring opposing voices into the public forum where, ideally, audience members can deliberate and reach democratic compromise. But in today’s politically polarized atmosphere, partisans increasingly accuse each other of being a threat to the country, and prospects for compromise have suffered. Journalists have been urged to take a more affirmative role, promoting problem-solving and opposing conflict. They have stopped short, citing professional norms that demand a stance of neutral detachment.

This Article turns to the principles of transformative mediation. Like journalism, it is detached from any goal of settlement. It aims instead at increasing the capacity of …

Communities In Conflict With Police: Facilitating Dispute Resolution And Mediate Causes Of Conflict, Julian A. Cook, David Hooker, Samuel Lee Reid, Mildred I. Duprey De Robles

Working in the Public Interest Conferences

Police cannot adequately serve the public without the respect and trust of the communities they serve. Who speaks for the community, and how can the legal system ensure that those voices are heard? What does equal protection under the law mean on the streets of America, where law enforcement is necessarily discretionary? What role should the federal government play when local trust in the rule of law recedes? how can community leaders and attorneys facilitate positive outcomes from conflict? This panel addressed leading initiatives to maintain dialogue between law enforcement authorities and the communities they serve.

Harmonizing Third-Party Litigation Funding Regulation, Victoria A. Shannon

Cardozo Law Review

Third-party litigation funding is no longer a new phenomenon, but rather is a mainstay in global commerce and dispute resolution. Yet many observers still consider the third-party litigation funding industry as a "wild west" due to a lack of regulation in many countries. Some of the countries that have regulations suffer from a lack of uniformity and an array of conflicting laws at the sub-national level (i.e., the laws of states, provinces, territories, etc.). For example, the United States has a confusing patchwork of state laws on third-party litigation funding. This Article proposes harmonizing the regulatory framework for third-party litigation …

The Legitimacy Crisis And The Future Of Courts, Orna Rabinovich-Einy

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

There is an overall legitimacy crisis in courts. The sources of this crisis have, to a large extent, been misconstrued. While there has been significant writing depicting the diminished quality, effectiveness, and fairness of courts, these phenomena have, for the most part, been viewed as distinct problems that warrant discrete solutions. This article shows that these problems are all manifestations of an overall legitimacy crisis that stems from the blurring of the originally stark distinctions between courts and alternatives. Traditionally, formal and informal dispute resolution processes had their own sources of legitimacy, each grounded in their respective distinctive (often opposing) …

The Mediation Coma: Purposeful Or Problematic, Kimberlee K. Kovach

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

While many books, articles and speeches are quick to note (and even applaud) the growth and expansion of mediation, others have more recently questioned whether mediation has fulfilled its promise. An initial issue to consider is its promise of what. Many might say of use-that mediation has not been utilized in the vast majority of disputes, small or large, locally or internationally. This was the primary impetus in bringing us together for this Symposium. Another issue explored throughout this Symposium is exactly what the use of mediation may or should be. And no doubt many different views exist, as the …

Fitting The Forum To The Pernicious Fuss: A Dispute System Design To Address Implicit Bias And 'Isms In The Workplace, Elayne E. Greenberg

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

This paper proposes a dispute system design to address workplace discrimination caused by implicit biases so that employees and employers involved in such disputes can secure a more responsive justice than existing legal processes are able to provide. Workplace discrimination caused by implicit bias continues to contaminate our work environment despite our focused legal efforts to combat such overt "isms" as sexism, racism, ageism, and ableism. Although overt expressions of bias have significantly decreased in recent years, expressions of implicit bias, the primary cause of workplace discrimination, persist.

This discussion takes place in three parts. Part One describes implicit bias, …

Law As An Ally Or Enemy In The War On Cyberbullying: Exploring The Contested Terrain Of Privacy And Other Legal Concepts In The Age Of Technology And Social Media, A. Wayne Mackay

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

This article focuses on the role and limits of law as a response to cyberbullying. The problem of cyberbullying engages many of our most fundamental legal concepts and provides an interesting case study. Even when there is general agreement that the problem merits a legal response, there are significant debates about what that response should be. Which level and what branch of government can and should best respond? What is the most appropriate legal process for pursuing cyberbullies—traditional legal avenues or more creative restorative approaches? How should the rights and responsibilities of perpetrators, victims and even bystanders be balanced? Among …

Report From The Restorative Justice Process At The Dalhousie University Faculty Of Dentistry, Jennifer Llewellyn, Jacob Mcissac, Melissa Mackay

Reports & Public Policy Documents

In December 2014, female students in Dalhousie University’s Faculty of Dentistry filed complaints under the University’s Sexual Harassment Policy after they became aware some of their male colleagues had posted offensive material about them in a private Facebook group. The select materials revealed from the Facebook group reflected misogynistic, sexist and homophobic attitudes. At the complainants’ request, the University began a restorative justice process to investigate the matter, address the harms it caused and examine the climate and culture within the Faculty that may have influenced the offensive nature of the Facebook group’s content. Twenty-nine students from the class of …

Religiosity In Constitutions And The Status Of Minority Rights, Brandy G. Robinson

Cultural Encounters, Conflicts, and Resolutions

Minority rights and religion have never been topics that are simultaneously considered. However, arguably, the two have relevance, especially when combined with the topic and theory of constitutionalism. Historically and traditionally, minorities have been granted certain rights and have been denied certain rights under various constitutions. These grants and denials relate to cultural differences and values, arguably relating to a culture’s understanding and interpretation of religion.

This article explores the relationship and status of minority rights as it relates to religiosity and constitutionalism. Essentially, there is a correlation between these topics and research shows where certain nations have used religion …

Climate Change Survey Measures: Exploring Perceived Bias And Question Interpretation, Tarik Abdel-Monem, Lisa M. Pytlikzillig, Tonya K. Bernadt, Nicole Wall

Lisa PytlikZillig Publications

Climate change has become an important yet politically divisive topic in recent years. Further complicating the issue are assertions that climate change– related public opinion surveys used by social scientists are biased or otherwise problematic. We conducted a pilot study to explore questions concerning bias and interpretation of climate change surveys. Our study sample was composed of adult residents of Nebraska (n = 115). We augmented our survey findings with cognitive interviews of a subsample of respondents (n = 20). We assessed study participants’ attitudes about climate change, and perceptions of bias and interpretation of survey questions drawn from previously …

All In The Family: The Influence Of Social Networks On Dispute Processing (A Case Study Of A Developing Economy), Manuel A. Gómez

Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Dissenting In And Dissenting Out, Nancy Leong

Chicago-Kent Law Review

The intense legal and social preoccupation with the appearance of diversity and nondiscrimination both reflects and reinforces a process I call “identity capitalism.” Through that process, ingroup individuals and ingroup-dominated institutions derive value from outgroup identity. This process results in the commodification of outgroup identity, with negative consequences for both outgroup members and society. Outgroup members actively participate in the process of identity capitalism in various ways. In particular, they leverage their outgroup membership to derive social and economic value for themselves. I call such outgroup participants “identity entrepreneurs.” In this essay, I apply the framework of identity entrepreneurship to …

The Case For Forgiveness In Legal Disputes, Eileen Barker

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

The article offers information on the education and understanding of forgiveness, which assists lawyers and mediators in supporting their clients in the area of forgiveness. It discusses two types of forgiveness relevant to legal disputes including bilateral forgiveness and unilateral forgiveness, and briefs common misconceptions about forgiveness. It analyzes that the essence of forgiveness is the giving up of resentment, anger, and hatred.

When More Than Sorry Matters, Lee Taft

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

The article offers information on the legal aspects of apologizing and its place in dispute resolution. The typology of apology under the book "Mea Culpa" of sociologist Nicholas Tavuchis is mentioned, which distinguishes between authentic and inauthentic apologies. It reports that authentic apology acknowledges the legitimacy of the violated rule through speech, admits fault for its violation and expresses regret for the harm caused by the violation.

Apology, Forgiveness, Reconciliation & Therapeutic Jurisprudence, Susan Daicoff

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

The article offers information on the definition of the apology, forgiveness, and reconciliation processes. It discusses the relationship between these concepts and explains the benefits of practical use of apology, forgiveness, and reconciliation in the law. It informs that these concepts provide an effective healing to dispute or conflicts between individuals, groups, or institutions.

Facilitating Forgiveness And Reconciliation In “Good Enough” Marriages, Solangel Maldonado

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

The article offers information on the long-term effects of divorce on children and parents under the analysis of the social science literatures. It informs that the U.S. Courts should encourage reconciliation between low-discord parents which in turn would help to save their marriage and protect their children from negative psychological effects of their divorce.

Just Apologies: An Overview Of The Philosophical Issues, Nick Smith

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

In this article, the author offers overview of his book "I Was Wrong: The Meanings of Apologies" published in the year 2008, which provides a theoretical framework for apologies from individuals and from groups. He informs that the book explains meanings of apologies from individuals and collectives and focuses on the development of framework to law.

The Thorny Issue Of Forgiveness: A Psychological Perspective, Julie Juola Exline

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

The article offers information on the concept and process of forgiveness from a psychological point of view. It discusses several decisions based on the challenging issue of forgiveness, which determines the purpose, timing, and effectiveness to assist forgiveness in avoiding risk to the forgiver. It informs that the forgiveness is relevant in cases where one person clearly commits some offense against another under conditions of envy, jealousy, and unhealed wounds.

An Introduction: The Richness Of Forgiveness Studies, Policy, And Practice, Calvin William Sharpe

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

The article offers information on the philosophical and scientific examination of the policies and practice of the forgiveness studies in the U.S. It informs about several philosophers who put in their efforts towards effectiveness of the scientific research on forgiveness including Jeffrie Murphy, Jean Hampton, and Everett L. Worthington. It also focuses on various theories of forgiveness.

The Critical Nature Of Verbal Leaks And Nonverbal Signals During Bargaining Interactions, Charles B. Craver

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

When individuals negotiate, they communicate with each other in person, over the telephone, or through e-mail and text exchanges. Proficient negotiators carefully prepare for such interactions, and they endeavor to choose their words carefully to convey the precise messages they intend to communicate. Despite these efforts, however, they frequently include inadvertent modifiers that undermine what they appear to be saying. Persons who listen carefully for such "verbal leaks" can gain a significant bargaining advantage.

Room For Me? - An Analysis Of Whether Mediation Is A Viable Solution To School Bullying, Angelique Palmer

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

This Article will review recent efforts to utilize mediation as a solution to bullying, and evaluate whether common approaches to its use and implementation have proven to be an effective solution to the bullying epidemic. Part I of this Article provides an overview of bullying and the current state of the problem in America today. Part II discusses the current legal climate and underlying motivations in legislative change and development. It goes on to offer a synopsis of the state of the law and the scope of its reach to address and remedy the problem of bullying. Part III offers …

A Framework For Advancing Negotiation Theory: Implications From A Study Of How Lawyers Reach Agreement In Pretrial Litigation, John Lande

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

The prevailing negotiation theory tries to fit lots of square pegs into just two round holes-adversarial or cooperative bargaining. In the real world, negotiation comes in many different shapes, not just circles and squares. This Article demonstrates that the two "round holes" in current negotiation theory are poorly defined and do not reflect the reality of much pretrial negotiation. It argues that it is time to replace the system of theoretical models with a flexible framework that can accommodate virtually all legal negotiations, including those that do not fit into any pre-defined model.

We Are Not Who We Pretend To Be: Odr Alternatives To Online Impersonation Statutes, Kori Clanton

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

This Note focuses on how online dispute resolution ("ODR") processes, as opposed to litigation, offer a more efficient and effective legal solution to resolving online impersonation disputes. The purpose of this Note is to analyze the measures state legislatures and social media websites have implemented to combat online impersonation cases, and to propose a practical ODR solution that will eliminate the burdens of litigation and provide a cost-efficient and time-effective remedy. Section I provides an introduction to the current relevance and rising incidents of online impersonation via social media websites such as Facebook and Twitter. Section II explores the historical …

The War On Drugs Is Over (If You Want It): State Drug Courts As An Alternative To Criminal Courts For Low-Level Nonviolent Drug Offenders, Blake Courlang

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

Part I of this Note describes the social, political, and legal reasons behind the rise of mandatory minimum sentencing in the 1980s and their path towards becoming advisory in the 2000s, as held by the Supreme Court in United States v. Booker. Part II provides a description of drug courts and argues for the use of drug courts as an alternative to the criminal sanctions for all nonviolent, low-level drug offenders. As part of this discussion, this Note examines the use of mandatory minimum sentencing post-Booker and the procedural method of divesting federal jurisdiction of nonviolent, low-level drug offenses …

Your Day In 'Wiki-Court': Adr, Fairness, And Justice In Wikipedia's Global Community, Sara Gwendolyn Ross

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

Wikipedia has quickly become the largest volume of collected knowledge on the planet, but it is also one of the busiest centers for dispute resolution in the world. From small groups of individuals negotiating article changes on “talk pages”, to the involvement of hundreds of people in the formation of the community consensuses needed to implement new policies, to the use of binding arbitration to create final conflict resolutions, the Wikipedia community has developed a complex network of norms and rules that funnel all disagreements and intractable differences through a series of progressively more involved dispute resolution processes. I provide …

The Varieties Of Individual Engagement (Vie) Scales: Confirmatory Factor Analyses Across Two Samples And Contexts, Lisa M. Pytlikzillig, Myiah J. Hutchens, Peter Muhlberger, Shiyuan Wang, Rebecca Harris, Jayme Neiman, Alan Tomkins

Lisa PytlikZillig Publications

The field of public engagement, participation and deliberation is fraught with conflicting results that are difficult to interpret due to the very different methods and measures used. Theory advancement and consistent operationalization and assessment of key public deliberation and engagement variables will benefit considerably from standardized measures of constructs and the ability to compare across studies. In this article, drawing from social and educational psychology, we describe the theoretical bases for scales assessing eight varieties of participant engagement that may be experienced during participation activities: Active learning, conscientious, uninterested, creative, open-minded, closed-minded, angry, and social engagement. We describe our development …

The Mandatory Summary Jury Trial In Federal Court: Foundationally Flawed, Nina Jill Spiegel

Pepperdine Law Review

No abstract provided.