Contracts Commons^™

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pihak Yang Dirugikan Dalam Pembatalan Sertipikat Hak Atas Tanah (Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 2148 K/Pdt/2019), Ni Putu Vinka Rinjani

Indonesian Notary

Artikel ini membahas tentang pembatalan sertipikat hak atas tanah yang distudi melalui Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 2148 K/PDT/2019. Dalam putusan tersebut, sertipikat hak atas tanah dibatalkan karena pihak yang namanya tercantum dalam sertipikat bukan pemilik yang sah atas obyek tanah yang bersangkutan. Dengan adanya pembatalan maka sertipikat hak atas tanah sudah tidak berlaku lagi. Hal ini selanjutnya menimbulkan masalah lain karena obyek tanah yang bersangkutan sudah dijual kepada pihak lain. Pembeli menjadi dirugikan karena sertipikat hak atas tanah dibatalkan sehingga ia kehilangan haknya atas obyek tanah tersebut. Untuk itu permasalahan yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini adalah perlindungan hukum …

Analisis Tumpang Tindih Penguasaan Bidang Tanah Berdasarkan Surat Pernyataan Penguasaan Fisik Bidang Tanah (Sppfbt) Dengan Sertifikat Hak Pengelolaan (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor: 37/K/Tun/2018), Agripina Tanto

Indonesian Notary

Penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada pembahasan sengketa tumpang tindih penguasaan bidang tanah berdasarkan surat pernyataan penguasaan fisik bidang tanah (SPPFBT) dengan sertifikat hak pengelolaan di Desa Kuta, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Banyak ditemukan masyarakat Desa Kuta yang menguasai tanah dengan berlandaskan SPPFBT karena belum melaksanakan pendaftaran tanah pertamakali. Dengan demikian, BPN Kab. Lombok Tengah wajib berhati-hati dalam mengumpulkan data fisik dan yuridis tanah dalam hal pelaksanaan kegiatan pendaftaran tanah pertamakali agar kelak terhindar dari adanya konflik pertanahan. Adapun masalah yang timbul dimana BPN Kab. Lombok Tengah lengah dalam menerbitkan Sertifikat HPL No. 73/Kuta, terdapat beberapa prosedur yang terlewati sehingga sebagian bidang tanah …

Pelaksanaan Pengadaan Tanah Untuk Kepentingan Umum Di Atas Objek Tanah Dengan Luasan Kurang Dari 5 Hektar Dan Dibebani Hak Tanggungan (Studi Kasus Pada Pembangunan Gis 150 Kv Grogol Ii), Natasha Meutia Emiliania

Indonesian Notary

This research explains how land acquisition for public interest such electricity energy (GIS 150 kV Grogol II) happened on object under 5 hectar and mortgage rights. Land acquisition for public interest is an activity which provide land to excalating nation welfare and prosperity, country and it citizens, by giving a guaranteed legal interest toward entitled party. The status of land which prepared for acquisition in the public interest were often under collateral security. Thus to solve the problem, writer use normative legal research methods by compare the law on books with the facts. The data analysis was carried out descriptively, …

Penjatuhan Sanksi Bagi Notaris Yang Melfteakukan Tindak Pidana Dengan Ancaman Pidana Penjara Lima Tahun Atau Lebih, Rio Cahya Nandika

Indonesian Notary

This research discusses the imposition of sanctions to a Notary who is convicted with 5 (five) years or more imprisonment penalty charge. A notary as a public official who has the authority to make an authentic (notarial) deed as a perfect means of proof must maintain the dignity of his position. For this reason, in carrying out their positions, Notaries are supervised by the Notary Supervisory Board. The form of supervision is not only in the scope of the Notary’s duty but also on the behavior of a Notary outside their authority such as a crime that can be committed …

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Notaris Atas Pemalsuan Foto Identitas Para Pihak Dalam Menjalankan Tugasnya Sebagai Pejabat Umum (Putusan Nomor 371/Pid.B/2018/Pnsda), Muhamad Irfan Ramadhan

Indonesian Notary

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa perlindungan hukum bagi Notaris sebagai Pejabat Umum atas pemalsuan foto identitas yang disampaikan oleh para pihak yang dijadikan dasar pembuatan akta autentik.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang berangkat dari kekosongan norma mengenai perlindungan hukum bagi Notaris atas pemalsuan foto identitas yang disampaikan oleh para pihak dan dijadikan dasar pembuatan akta autentik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan undang–undang, pendekatan konseptual, dan analisis kasus. Bahan hukum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Teknik pegumpulan bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pertanggungjawaban notaris atas …

Kode Etik Notaris Dan Undang – Undang Jabatan Notaris Dalam Pasar Modal, Venny Talitha

Indonesian Notary

An embodiment of a country's development which is the formation of an independent and stable economy with a more evenly distributed increase in people's prosperity growth is quite high. One way to advance the economy is to grow capital market operations, where the stock market plays a major role as a source of business funds and as an investment place for the people. In an increasingly modern society, legal relationships in business activities are usually focused on contractual arrangements between parties, and are no longer focused on trust-related behaviors. In a country that promotes economic growth, the importance of legal …

Tanah Sebagai Jaminan Hutang Berdasarkan Surat Kuasa Menjual Studi Putusan-Putusan Pengadilan, Syifa Septiriani Indrayadi Putri

Indonesian Notary

Lending and borrowing money is an activity that is widely carried out to support the development of one’s business and economy. The borrowing is carried out between individuals and/or individuals and legal entities. In a loan money, it is necessary to have the words needed in the credit agreement followed by the provision of land as collateral for debt repayment. Debt guarantees are useful if the debtor cannot fulfill his achievements, then the collateral can be sold by the creditor in order to pay off the debt. In practice, it is often found that there are failures to make credit …

Status Kepemilikan Objek Dalam Akta Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Sebagai Perjanjian Pura-Pura Berdasarkan Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 392k/Pdt/2018, Fitriah Trisniawati Sutrisna

Indonesian Notary

Perjanjian pada umumnya berisi pernyataan para pihak untuk melakukan tindakan tertentu. Namun kadang kala isi suatu perjanjian hanya pura-pura belaka, hal tersebut dikenal sebagai perjanjian pura-pura. Pada praktiknya perjanjian pura-pura dapat berupa akta perjanjian pengikatan jual beli yang dijadikan sebagai jaminan dalam rangka perjanjian utang piutang. Penelitian ini menganalisis keabsahan akta perjanjian pengikatan jual beli sebagai perjanjian pura-pura dan status kepemilikan objek dalam akta perjanjian pengikatan jual beli sebagai perjanjian pura-pura. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yang berbentuk yuridis-normatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder, sedangkan alat pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu studi dokumen. Berdasarkan hasil …

Keabsahan Akta Perjanjian Perkawinan Dengan Klausula Asas Monogami Menurut Undang-Undang Perkawinan Dan Hukum Islam (Analisis Akta Perjanjian Perkawinan Tanggal 26 Maret 2018 Yang Di Buat Dihadapan Notaris X Di Kabupaten Karawang), Ratih Rahmatiar Safifah

Indonesian Notary

Notaries as public officials authorized to make an authentic deed must comply with all applicable provisions, related to the marriage agreement. This study uses normative juridical research methods with descriptive analytical research type, the type of data used is secondary data with data collection techniques through document study. The results of the study stated that the marriage agreement can basically contain whatever is desired by the parties who made it as long as it does not violate the boundaries of law, religion and morality. The polygamy or anti -polygamy clause can be included in the marriage contract, only if the …

Peralihan Hak Atas Tanah Warisan Tanpa Persetujuan Ahli Waris (Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Agung No. 2525 K/Pdt/2018), Hayyik Lana Lie Ulin Nuha

Indonesian Notary

PPAT actions that do not include the heirs in the making of the sale and purchase deed (AJB) can be accounted for administratively and civilian for illegal acts in Article 1366 of the Civil Code. PPAT can be subject to administrative sanctions in accordance with Article 62 PP No. 24 of 1997 and Article 6 of the IPPAT Code of Ethics. Defendant I's act of selling inheritance without the plaintiff's knowledge constitutes an illegal act regulated in Article 1365 of the Civil Code so that the sale and purchase of other people's goods is null and can provide a basis …

But We Didn’T Agree To That!: Why Class Proceedings Should Not Be Implied From Silent Or Ambiguous Arbitration Clauses After Lamps Plus, Inc. V. Varela, Andrea Demelo Laprade

Catholic University Law Review

The application of class arbitrability when a contract is silent on the matter remains a mystery. The Supreme Court has not clarified its stance on class arbitrability and preemptive effects of the Federal Arbitration Act on state law when applied to determine if class arbitrability is available. The purpose of this Paper is to address how the Lamps Plus v. Varela decision created more confusion about the question of class arbitrability. It argues that the failure to address the particulars of the availability of class arbitration will perpetuate litigation on this issue. This Paper suggests that the FAA’s purpose supports …

Relational Enforcement Of Stock Exchange Rules, Geeyoung Min, Kwon-Yong Jin

BYU Law Review

Stock exchanges, as regulating entities supervised by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), have wielded their rulemaking power on various corporate governance issues, ranging from the independent board committee requirement adopted in 2003 to the board diversity requirement approved in 2021. Simultaneously, as for-profit corporate entities, major stock exchanges have been competing against each other to attract and retain more companies. This dual status of stock exchanges — as regulators and as profit driven entities — brings into question the stock exchanges' incentive to enforce their own rules against listed companies. What happens if a listed company violates stock exchange …

Framework For Enhanced Applicability Of The Egyptian Public Procurement Law To International Administrative Construction Contracts, Amr Abu Helw

Theses and Dissertations

Local governments and public authorities conclude contracts for the purpose of acquisition of goods, delivery of services and construction of public facilities like bridges, infrastructures and public buildings. A public contract is an agreement to perform particular tasks financed by government funds to the benefit of the whole community. Private entities and corporations are subject to stricter standards in their dealings with the government than in private transactions. Conversely, the government must deal fairly and equitably with those who it contracted with to achieve successful implementation of the projects. On October 3, 2018, a new Egyptian public procurement law, namely, …

Contract Remedies Need Not Undercompensate Aspiring Parents When Cryopreserved Reproductive Material Is Lost Or Destroyed: Recovery Of Consequential Damages For Emotional Disturbance When Breach Of Contract Results In The Lost Opportunity To Become Pregnant With One's Own Biological Child, Joseph M. Hnylka

Journal of Law and Health

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported that the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has doubled over the past decade. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the most prevalent form of ART. During IVF, a woman’s eggs are extracted, fertilized in a laboratory setting, and then implanted in the uterus. Many IVF procedures use eggs or sperm that were stored using a process called cryopreservation. A recent survey reported that cryopreservation consultations increased exponentially during the coronavirus pandemic, rising as much as 60 percent. It is estimated that more than one million embryos are stored in cryopreservation …

Contracting Out Liability For Negligent Pre-Contractual Misrepresentation, Daniele Bertolini

Dalhousie Law Journal

This article examines the extent to which entire agreement clauses (EACs) and non-reliance clauses (NRCs) are enforceable to preclude actions for negligent pre-contractual misrepresentations. It is argued that courts could improve legal certainty and contractual fairness by adopting two distinct legal rules to be applied, respectively, to contracts between sophisticated parties and in adhesion contracts. First, it is suggested that in contracts between sophisticated parties only specific contractual barriers to actions should provide a complete defence against negligent misrepresentation claims. Under this rule, the exclusionary effect of EACs and NRCs would be achieved only if an express term of the …

Rejecting Word Worship: An Integrative Approach To Judicial Construction Of Insurance Policies, Jeffrey W. Stempel, Erik S. Knutsen

University of Cincinnati Law Review

Insurance coverage litigation is a quest for discerning meaning: Does the insurance policy cover the loss at issue? Construing the insurance policy, courts attempt to give legal effect to what the document purports to command. But what were the intentions and expectations of insurer and insured? Do those intentions even matter? Or is only the written text of the policy relevant to the coverage result? Courts addressing these questions typically frame the interpretative choice as one of strict textualism versus contextual functionalism.

In many, perhaps even most situations, text and context align to create an “easy” case. If a factory …

Alex Lyon & Son, Sales Managers & Auctioneers V. Leach: Auction Contracts, Bidder Qualifications, Offer And Acceptance, Waiver, And The Fallacy Of Treating All Bidders The Same, George A. Michak

West Virginia Law Review Online

In Alex Lyon & Son, Sales Managers & Auctioneers v. Leach, 844 S.E.2d 120 (W. Va. 2020), the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia grappled with the contractual relationships among participants in an auction transaction and rendered an opinion that (i) misstates and misaligns the rights and obligations among auctioneers, sellers, bidders, and buyers, (ii) impedes the ability of an auctioneer to reasonably control the conduct of an auction, and (iii) threatens to artificially circumscribe the prerogative of sellers and auctioneers to assume greater risks relative to certain bidders in an effort to expand the bidder pool in …

Remedies For Government Breach: Lessons From The United States And A Zone Of Appealable Remedies For Southeast Asia, Benjamin D. Black

Brooklyn Law Review

Though international investment treaties may supplant domestic contract law in cross-border government contracts, their limited use in Southeast Asia informs the continued importance of clear remedies for a government breach of contract under domestic law. As investment from China’s Belt and Road Initiative continues to flow into the region, private parties require clear rules and remedies when a government breaches a contract. This note argues that the lack of clear and codified public contract law in Southeast Asia presents a substantial risk to private contractors and that the extreme variance in public contract law is detrimental to both parties involved. …

Hostile Restructurings, Diane L. Dick

Washington Law Review

The conventional wisdom holds that out-of-court loan restructurings are mostly consensual and collaborative. But this is no longer accurate. Highly aggressive, nonconsensual restructuring transactions—what I call “hostile restructurings”—are becoming a common feature of the capital markets. Relying on hypertechnical interpretations of loan agreements, one increasingly popular hostile restructuring method involves issuing new debt that enjoys higher priority than the existing debt; another involves transferring the most valuable collateral away from existing lenders to secure new borrowing.

These transactions are distinguishable from normal out-of-court restructurings by their use of coercive tactics to overcome not only the traditional minority lender holdout problem, …

Forum Selection Clauses, Non-Signatories, And Personal Jurisdiction, John F. Coyle, Robin J. Effron

Notre Dame Law Review

Who is bound by a forum selection clause? At first glance, the answer to this question may seem obvious. It is black letter law that a person cannot be bound to an agreement without her consent. In recent years, however, courts have not followed this rule with respect to forum selection clauses. Instead, they routinely enforce these clauses against individuals who never signed the contract containing the clause. Courts justify this practice on the grounds that it promotes litigation efficiency by bringing all of the litigants together in the chosen forum. There are, however, problems with enforcing forum selection clauses …

Modernizing Mortgage Law, Christopher K. Odinet

Faculty Scholarship

Modern mortgage law is designed for a world that no longer exists. The residential mortgage transaction of today looks nothing like it did during the formative period when the property laws governing mortgages were developed. What was once a local dealing between two individuals and largely for commercial or quasi-commercial purposes has now become a housing- centric financial transaction-turned-asset between multiple distant and often invisible parties that operate as part ofa national market. Yet, although the mortgage transaction has changed, mortgage law has not. Property law rules that once balanced the rights of mortgagors and mortgagees now completely fail to …

Level-Up: Towards A More Competitive & Labor-Friendly E-Sports Industry, Andrew Ramstad

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

Despite humble beginnings, the advent of the modern internet has seen the explosion of e-sports into an industry commanding hundreds of millions of annual viewers and nearly a billion dollars in annual advertising revenue. Facilitating this expansion has been a shift from independently run competitive e-sports leagues to leagues created and operated by the developers of the league’s underlying game. This vertical integration by developers increases e-sports accessibility to viewers, but at the cost of decreased player bargaining power and professional flexibility. The integration further incentivizes ever-increasing working hours and self-destructive or rule-breaking behavior by players to stay competitive. This …

Touchdown St. Louis: A Recap Of The Nfl And Rams Lawsuit, Katie Hoffecker

SLU Law Journal Online

The Rams’ move to Los Angeles in 2016 brought about more than just hard feelings toward the National Football League and owner, Stan Kroenke—it resulted in a billion dollar lawsuit. In this article, Katie Hoffecker analyzes the past five years of the litigation proceedings as the case ultimately settles.

Class Arbitration Waivers Cannot Be Found Unconscionable: A Pervasive And Common "Mis-Concepcion", Emma Silberstein

Northwestern University Law Review

In 1925, Congress enacted the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) as a means of quelling judicial hostility towards arbitration agreements, providing a mechanism for the enforcement of such agreements. The Supreme Court’s treatment and application of the FAA has evolved over time, and in recent decades the FAA has been massively extended to cover not only arm’s-length commercial transactions, but consumer and employment contracts as well. The Supreme Court, its previous hostile stance long forgotten, has created a policy of favoring arbitration and striking down many an argument that may interfere with that policy. In particular, the Court solidified its position …

Business Information And Nondisclosure Agreements: A Public Policy Framework, Rex N. Alley

Northwestern University Law Review

Trade secret law, as codified in the Uniform Trade Secrets Act, gives businesses in nearly every U.S. jurisdiction a uniform, clearly defined right to protect secret and valuable business information from misappropriation. But how can businesses protect information that, while potentially useful, falls short of the legal definition of a trade secret? Businesses often require their employees to sign nondisclosure agreements (NDAs) to protect this category of information, which this Note refers to as “confidential business information” or “CBI.” These CBI NDAs are often drafted so broadly that, read literally, they would encompass every piece of information an employee learns …

Force Majeure, Vis Major, Impossibility, And Impracticability Under Ohio Law Before And After Covid-19, Laura Gates

University of Cincinnati Law Review

No abstract provided.

Contract Schemas, Roseanna Sommers

Articles

This review draws on the notion of “contract schemas” to characterize what ordinary people think is happening when they enter into contractual arrangements. It proposes that contracts are schematically represented as written documents filled with impenetrable text containing hidden strings, which are routinely signed without comprehension. This cognitive template, activated whenever people encounter objects with these characteristic features, confers certain default assumptions, associations, and expectancies. A review of the literature suggests that contract schemas supply (a) the assumption that terms will be enforced as written, (b) the feeling that one is obligated to perform, and (c) the sense that one …

Creating Cryptolaw For The Uniform Commercial Code, Carla L. Reyes

Washington and Lee Law Review

A contract generally only binds its parties. Security agreements, which create a security interest in specific personal property, stand out as a glaring exception to this rule. Under certain conditions, security interests not only bind the creditor and debtor, but also third-party creditors seeking to lend against the same collateral. To receive this extraordinary benefit, creditors must put the world on notice, usually by filing a financing statement with the state in which the debtor is located. Unfortunately, the Uniform Commercial Code (U.C.C.) Article 9 filing system fails to provide actual notice to interested parties and introduces risk of heavy …

Striking The Balance Between Contractual Rights And Obligations: Restructured Contract Law In The Newly Enacted Chinese Civil Code, Mo Zhang

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

Contract legislation in China experienced a significant change as a result of the Civil Code's enactment in 2020. With a focus on civil rights and private interests, contract law and other areas of law are expected to help promote the development of a rights-based society under the Civil Code-a much wanted shift from the traditionally obligation-based society. In this context, the Civil Code is hailed in China as a milestone in the country's legal landscape.

The Civil Code consolidated the 1999 Contract Law with judicial practices and restructured the legal framework governing contracts by modifying or adding provisions aimed at …

Debunking The Efficacy Of Standard Contract Boilerplate: Part Iii, David Spratt

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

There are several things wrong with this paragraph. First, the heading "Knowledge of Residence" is underinclusive, as the paragraph concerns more than where each party lives. A more inclusive and effective heading would be "Knowledge of Contact Information." Second, the introductory phrase is ambiguous, as one could read "for so long as the minor children are less than eighteen years of age" as requiring the parties to exchange information only until one of the parties' children turns 18. Moreover, "eighteen years of age" is archaic and clunky legalese. Keep it simple, solicitors: "eighteen" or "age eighteen" would suffice. Applying these …