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Articles 31 - 60 of 110
Full-Text Articles in Contracts
Impact Of Market Ideology On Transnational Contract Law, M. Neil Browne, Jennifer Coon
Impact Of Market Ideology On Transnational Contract Law, M. Neil Browne, Jennifer Coon
Economics Faculty Publications
As world trade expands to the remotest of venues, commercial laws that encompass transnational jurisdictions become increasingly important. The appropriateness of these laws rely, inter alia, on the strength of the assumptive base supporting such transnational laws of commerce. As this article explains, transnational contract law'is not the product of the Immaculate Conception; it is the anachronistic progeny of certain European laws that emerged during the Industrial Revolution. As such, transnational contract law inherits many of the characteristics of its progenitors. Those characteristics, however, become awkward when viewed through a contemporary institutional context that diverges from the prevailing social arrangements …
The Citizenship Paradox In A Transnational Age, Cristina M. Rodríguez
The Citizenship Paradox In A Transnational Age, Cristina M. Rodríguez
Michigan Law Review
Through Americans in Waiting, Hiroshi Motomura tells us three different stories about how U.S. law and policy, over time, have framed the relationship between immigrants and the American body politic. He captures the complexity, historical contingency, and democratic urgency of that relationship by canvassing the immigration law canon and teasing from it the three frameworks that have structured immigrants' social status, their interactions with the state, and the processes of immigrant integration and naturalization. In so doing, he illuminates how popular mythologies about the assimilative capacity of the American melting pot obscure myriad political and social conflicts over how …
Drafting Common Interest Community Documents: Minimalism In An Era Of Micromanagement, Patrick K. Hetrick
Drafting Common Interest Community Documents: Minimalism In An Era Of Micromanagement, Patrick K. Hetrick
Campbell Law Review
Part I of this Article suggests a minimalist approach to the drafting of documentation creating a common interest community. It assumes that the common interest community will be located in a jurisdiction that has passed some form of a comprehensive uniform act. Part II then analyzes the issue of "promises" (covenants, restrictions, and rules) and addresses issues that include the unfortunate contemporary trend toward micromanagement of communities. It goes on to suggest that a legislative and judicial reaction to private community governance is developing. Part III of this Article explains why existing consumer protection devices are little more than mirages …
Why Contracts Scholars Should Read Legal Philosophy: Positivism, Formalism, And The Specification Of Rules In Contract Law, Curtis Bridgeman
Why Contracts Scholars Should Read Legal Philosophy: Positivism, Formalism, And The Specification Of Rules In Contract Law, Curtis Bridgeman
Cardozo Law Review
No abstract provided.
Litigation And The Optimal Combination Of Vague And Precise Clauses In Contracts, Alvaro E. Bustos
Litigation And The Optimal Combination Of Vague And Precise Clauses In Contracts, Alvaro E. Bustos
Faculty Working Papers
In this paper we determine the optimal combination of precise and vague clauses written in contracts when the parties face writing and enforcement costs, the second ones in the form of litigation. We show that the parties may prefer to write vague instead of precise clauses not only because they are cheaper to write but also because they are cheaper to enforce. We extend Battigalli and Maggi (2002) to model the decision of a principal who chooses clauses to describe the actions that an agent has to perform. As both players observe nature imperfectly they may call for a court …
Turned On Its Head?: Norms, Freedom, And Acceptable Terms In Internet Contracting, Richard Warner
Turned On Its Head?: Norms, Freedom, And Acceptable Terms In Internet Contracting, Richard Warner
All Faculty Scholarship
Is the Internet turning contract law on its head? Many commentators contend it is. Precisely this issue arises in current controversies over end user license agreements (EULAs) and Terms of Use agreements (TOUs, the agreements governing our use of web sites). Commentators complain that, in both cases, the formation process unduly restricts buyers’ freedom; and, that sellers and web site owners exploit the process to impose terms that deprive consumers of important intellectual property and privacy rights. The courts ignore the criticisms and routinely enforce EULAs and TOUs. There is truth on both sides of this court/commentator divide. EULAs and …
Coordinating In The Shadow Of The Law: Two Contextualized Tests Of The Focal Point Theory Of Legal Compliance, Richard H. Mcadams, Janice Nadler
Coordinating In The Shadow Of The Law: Two Contextualized Tests Of The Focal Point Theory Of Legal Compliance, Richard H. Mcadams, Janice Nadler
Faculty Working Papers
In situations where people have an incentive to coordinate their behavior, law can provide a framework for understanding and predicting what others are likely to do. According to the focal point theory of expressive law, the law's articulation of a behavior can sometimes create self-fulfilling expectations that it will occur. Existing theories of legal compliance emphasize the effect of sanctions or legitimacy; we argue that, in addition to sanctions and legitimacy, law can also influence compliance simply by making one outcome salient. We tested this claim in two experiments where sanctions and legitimacy were held constant. Experiment 1 demonstrated that …
Principled Pluralism And Contract Remedies, C. Scott Pryor
Principled Pluralism And Contract Remedies, C. Scott Pryor
McGeorge Law Review
No abstract provided.
Anti-Social Contracts: The Contractual Governance Of Virtual Worlds, Joshua A.T. Fairfield
Anti-Social Contracts: The Contractual Governance Of Virtual Worlds, Joshua A.T. Fairfield
Scholarly Articles
Virtual worlds have seized the imaginations of millions of people who now live, work, and play together in these new environments. But all is not well. These online communities are ruled nearly exclusively by contract law, through end-user licence agreements, terms of service, and codes of conduct. Contracts are a critical means of helping two (or a few) people negotiate their preferences. But online communities are made up of enormous and shifting populations that have no time or ability to negotiate agreements with every other community member. Relying on contracts alone thus threatens the investments and creativity that go into …
An Ontology For Autonomic License Management, Qian Zhao, Mark Perry
An Ontology For Autonomic License Management, Qian Zhao, Mark Perry
Computer Science Publications
The license agreement can be seen as the knowledge source for a license management system. As such, it may be referenced by the system each time a new process is initiated. To facilitate access, a machine readable representation of the license agreement is highly desirable, but at the same time we do not want to sacrifice too much readability of such agreements by human beings. Creating an ontology as a formal knowledge representation of licensing not only meets the representation requirements, but also offers improvements to knowledge reusability owing to the inherent sharing nature of such representations. Furthermore, the XML-based …
Anatomy Of An Experiment: Consolidation Of Eu Contract Law, Ljiljana Biuković
Anatomy Of An Experiment: Consolidation Of Eu Contract Law, Ljiljana Biuković
All Faculty Publications
This article analyzes the process of harmonization of Contract Law in the European Union (EU) in the context of the general debate on the need for international harmonization of commercial law on one hand, and, on the other hand, in the context of the integration of the European market and the omnipresent European discussions on the need for harmonization, appropriate methodologies for reform and on the institutional competence to pursue the harmonization process. Part II of the article establishes interrelationships between major international harmonization efforts in the area of contract law. Part III focuses on the current situation in the …
Good Faith And Fair Dealing In Commercial Leasing: The Right Doctrine In The Wrong Transaction, 41 J. Marshall L. Rev. 275 (2008), Daniel B. Bogart
Good Faith And Fair Dealing In Commercial Leasing: The Right Doctrine In The Wrong Transaction, 41 J. Marshall L. Rev. 275 (2008), Daniel B. Bogart
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
Selling The Payments: Predatory Lending Goes Primetime, 41 J. Marshall L. Rev. 587 (2008), Dustin Fisher
Selling The Payments: Predatory Lending Goes Primetime, 41 J. Marshall L. Rev. 587 (2008), Dustin Fisher
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
Tactics And Terms In The Negotiation Of Electronic Resource Licenses, Kincaid C. Brown
Tactics And Terms In The Negotiation Of Electronic Resource Licenses, Kincaid C. Brown
Law Librarian Scholarship
This chapter introduces the reader to the realm of electronic resource license agreements. It provides the reader with an overview of basic contract law as it relates to electronic resource licensing. The chapter then discusses the electronic resource license negotiation process as well as license agreement term clauses. The aim of this chapter is to provide librarians with an understanding of basic licensing concepts and language in order to aid librarians in the review and negotiation of their own license agreements. The author hopes to impart lessons and tips he has learned in reviewing and negotiating license agreements with a …
What If Seeds Were Not Patentable?, Elizabeth I. Winston
What If Seeds Were Not Patentable?, Elizabeth I. Winston
Scholarly Articles
In 2001, the United States Supreme Court held that seeds were patentable subject matter - a decision, I assert, of much discussion and little impact. Protection of agricultural intellectual property through private ordering, used both to expand the protection available through public ordering and to circumvent the restrictions public ordering places on owners of intellectual property, has provided the incentives necessary to promote investment and innovation in seeds. It has not been the patentability of seeds that has led to agricultural advances, but rather the profitability of licensing agricultural intellectual property. What if seeds were not patentable? So what if …
Construing The National Labor Relations Act The Nlrb And Method Of Statutory Construction, Daniel P. O'Gorman
Construing The National Labor Relations Act The Nlrb And Method Of Statutory Construction, Daniel P. O'Gorman
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
The Software Licensing Dilemma, Nancy Kim
The Software Licensing Dilemma, Nancy Kim
Faculty Scholarship
This Article makes two arguments. First, the dilemma posed by software transactions-sales or licenses?-should be answered by dynamic contract law. Dynamic contract law has as its objective effectuating the intent of the parties but weighs that objective against policy considerations. Second, the validity of a license grant should not be inextricably tied to the validity of the contract as a whole. The problem with relying on contract doctrine in the context of software licensing is that, too often, the application of that doctrine is static and formalistic. A new doctrine is not necessary to address software licensing issues; rather, the …
Mistakes, Changed Circumstances And Intent, Nancy Kim
Mistakes, Changed Circumstances And Intent, Nancy Kim
Faculty Scholarship
The most common contract defenses are duress, unconscionability, incapacity, fraud, and the basic assumption. defenses4 of mutual mistake, unilateral mistake, impossibility, frustration of purpose and commercial impracticability. In this Article, I limit my discussion to basic assumption defenses. Several prevailing rationales explain why a party should be allowed to escape contractual liability despite the sufficiency of consideration where there has been a failure of a basic assumption material to the transaction. No single rationale or principle, however, unifies all basic assumption defenses. Several commentators have noted that similar fact patterns applying a given doctrine often yield inconsistent results. Parties’ employment …
E-Contract Doctrine 2.0: Standard Form Contracting In The Age Of Online User Participation , Shmuel I. Becher, Tal Z. Zarsky
E-Contract Doctrine 2.0: Standard Form Contracting In The Age Of Online User Participation , Shmuel I. Becher, Tal Z. Zarsky
Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review
The growing popularity of e-commerce transactions revives the perennial question of consumer contract law: should non-salient provisions of consumer standard form contracts be enforced? With the focus presently on an ex-ante analysis, scholars debate whether consumers can and should read standardized terms at the time of contracting. In today's information age, such a focus might be misguided. The online realm furnishes various tools, so-called "Web 2.0" applications, which encourage the flow of information from experienced to prospective consumers. This Article, therefore, reframes the analysis of online consumer contracts while taking into account this new flow of information. In doing so, …
Can We Dicker Online Or Is Traditional Contract Formation Really Dying - Rethinking Traditional Contract Formation For The World Wide Web, Tatiana Melnik
Can We Dicker Online Or Is Traditional Contract Formation Really Dying - Rethinking Traditional Contract Formation For The World Wide Web, Tatiana Melnik
Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review
When most people imagine the process of contract formation, they picture two people sitting down and negotiating, arguing about particular contract provisions and particular contract terminology, and maybe even involving attorneys to draft an "official" version of the contract. Regardless of the specific details people imagine, traditional contract formation generally involves some form of negotiation between two parties where they choose one set of terms over another. In modern society, however, such negotiation happens very rarely. People enter into many contracts on a daily basis, for example, when they purchase goods or services online. Online purchases are governed by computers, …
Beyond Unconscionability: The Case For Using "Knowing Assent" As The Basis For Analyzing Unbargained-For Terms In Standard Form Contracts, Edith R. Warkentine
Beyond Unconscionability: The Case For Using "Knowing Assent" As The Basis For Analyzing Unbargained-For Terms In Standard Form Contracts, Edith R. Warkentine
Seattle University Law Review
Much scholarship questioning the enforcement of standard form contract terms offers interesting insights into possible approaches a court can take in analyzing the issue, but the literature largely fails to examine what courts actually do in these cases. This Article identifies the gap between what scholars are saying about standard form contracts and what courts are doing about them. It notes that courts have not accepted the scholarship that urges a nontraditional approach to analyzing assent. Rather-with but a few exceptions—what has emerged is a case-by-case unconscionability analysis in which courts focus narrowly on particular terms and conditions in standard …
Mandating Minimum Quality In Mass Arbitration, Jeffrey W. Stempel
Mandating Minimum Quality In Mass Arbitration, Jeffrey W. Stempel
Scholarly Works
The Supreme Court's decision in McMahon and its progeny has led many businesses and employers to embrace what was once deemed a localized, industry-specific practice. The "new" or "mass arbitration" only mildly resembles the traditional system employed by niches in industry for settling commercial matters among commercial actors. While the "old" system involved parties who were relatively equal in bargaining power and knowledge, these systems for mass arbitration lack a freely entered bargain and resemble more closely, contracts of adhesion. Privatized arbitration resolves issues of both statutory and substantive law, and there is a strong argument, given the inexperience of …
Selling It First, Stealing It Later: The Trouble With Trademarks In Corporate Transactions In Bankruptcy, Xuan-Thao Nguyen
Selling It First, Stealing It Later: The Trouble With Trademarks In Corporate Transactions In Bankruptcy, Xuan-Thao Nguyen
Articles
Why does AI get two bites of the “Apple” trademark? Should AI be allowed to grant the right to use the trademark “perpetual and exclusive” with the sale of the music division and steal it back for free, ten years later? This article is part of an ongoing and broader inquiry into the intersection of trademark, contract and bankruptcy laws. This article argues that recent bankruptcy decisional law, notably the In re Exide Technologies decision, misunderstands the “perpetual and exclusive” trademark transaction, deeming it as an ordinary “license” when it is truly an outright sale. This article explains that the …
Cleaning Up Lake River, Victor P. Goldberg
Cleaning Up Lake River, Victor P. Goldberg
Faculty Scholarship
A casebook favorite for exploring the liquid dated damage/penalty clause distinction is Lake River Corp. v. Carborundum Co. in which Judge Posner found a minimum quantity clause to be an unenforceable penalty clause. In this paper I argue that the case was framed improperly. Had the litigators recognized that the contract afforded one party an option, the result should have been different. The contract was for the provision of a service – setting aside capacity – which was valuable to the buyer and costly for the seller to provide. The primary purpose of the minimum quantity clause was the pricing …
Services As Capital Contributions: Understanding Kovacik V. Reed, Royce De R. Barondes
Services As Capital Contributions: Understanding Kovacik V. Reed, Royce De R. Barondes
Faculty Publications
This essay examines the capital accounting of Kovacik v. Reed, leading authority addressing allocation of losses between a partner who contributed only property and another who contributed only services. Kovacik posits that such parties having agreed to share profits equally have implicitly agreed their contributions were of equal value. This essay shows that such an agreement would not produce the result Kovacik reaches. The Kovacik result is instead produced by the following implausible implicit agreement between the parties: The value of the services provided by the services partner to be treated as a capital contribution equals the amount the partnership …
Who's Afraid Of The Cisg? Why North Carolina Practitioners Should Learn A Thing Or Two About The 1980 United Nations Convention On The Contracts For The International Sale Of Goods, Alicia Jurney Whitlock, Boris S. Abbey
Who's Afraid Of The Cisg? Why North Carolina Practitioners Should Learn A Thing Or Two About The 1980 United Nations Convention On The Contracts For The International Sale Of Goods, Alicia Jurney Whitlock, Boris S. Abbey
Campbell Law Review
Part I of this article will discuss the history and purpose of the CISG. Part II will consider the applicability of the CISG to international commercial contracts where one contracting party is from the United States. Part III will discuss some notable differences between the CISG and North Carolina law. Finally, Part IV will consider situations in which the CISG may better serve the interests of parties to a contract for the international sale of goods than the U.C.C. or North Carolina common law.
Promissory Estoppel And The Protection Of Interpersonal Trust , John J. Chung
Promissory Estoppel And The Protection Of Interpersonal Trust , John J. Chung
Cleveland State Law Review
This paper examines the role of trust in promissory estoppel and the extent to which the law should protect trust when a promise is made. Part II of this Article summarizes some of the scholarship discussing the nature and role of trust. In particular, it discusses the role of trust in a market economy, and the related role of trust in Contracts law. Part III examines whether there is a difference between trust and reliance, and whether it matters. Part III further asserts that a separate discussion of trust is beneficial because it has the potential to guide and inform …
Ethical Issues In Collaborative Lawyering, Barbara Glesner Fines
Ethical Issues In Collaborative Lawyering, Barbara Glesner Fines
Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Cardozo's Opinion In Lady Lucy's Case: Formative Unconscionability, Impracticality And Judicial Abuse, Monroe H. Freedman
Cardozo's Opinion In Lady Lucy's Case: Formative Unconscionability, Impracticality And Judicial Abuse, Monroe H. Freedman
Pace Law Review
No abstract provided.
Corporations And The Market For Law, Erin O'Hara O'Connor, Larry E. Ribstein
Corporations And The Market For Law, Erin O'Hara O'Connor, Larry E. Ribstein
Scholarly Publications
The state competition for corporate law has long been studied as a distinct phenomenon. Under the traditional view, corporations are subject to a unique choice-of-law rule, the “internal affairs doctrine” (IAD). This rule is explained as a historical accident, or by the special logistics of the corporate contract. The resulting market for corporate law appears to have special characteristics, particularly including the dominance of the single state of Delaware. This article challenges the traditional view. It shows that the corporate law market is best understood as a special application of the general market for law. Parties to many types of …