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Articles 61 - 90 of 162
Full-Text Articles in Commercial Law
Spirit Airlines, Inc. V. Northwest Airlines, Inc.: A Case For Increased Regulation Of The Airline Industry, Erica Wessling
Spirit Airlines, Inc. V. Northwest Airlines, Inc.: A Case For Increased Regulation Of The Airline Industry, Erica Wessling
William & Mary Business Law Review
The relatively short history of the airline industry is characterized by sudden shifts and divergent standards that attempt to negotiate a complex market. High demand, uniqueness of service, and difficulty of market entry render the market particularly susceptible to monopolization among competitors. Recently, the rise of the low-cost carrier business model has exposed high barriers to entry into the airline market. In attempts to remedy the harm against both prospective market entrants and consumers, lowcost carriers have levied price predation claims against entrenched legacy airlines. Due to the difficulty in negotiating the divide between predatory behavior and lawful competition, courts …
Too Clever By Half: Reflections On Perception, Legitimacy, And Choice Of Law Under Revised Article 1 Of The Uniform Commercial Code, Mark Edwin Burge
Too Clever By Half: Reflections On Perception, Legitimacy, And Choice Of Law Under Revised Article 1 Of The Uniform Commercial Code, Mark Edwin Burge
Faculty Scholarship
The overwhelmingly successful 2001 rewrite of Article 1 of the Uniform Commercial Code was accompanied by an overwhelming failure: proposed section 1-301 on contractual choice of law. As originally sent to the states, section 1-301 would have allowed non-consumer parties to a contract to select a governing law that bore no relation to their transaction. Proponents justifiably contended that such autonomy was consistent with emerging international norms and with the nature of contracts creating voluntary private obligations. Despite such arguments, the original version of section 1-301 was resoundingly rejected, gaining zero adoptions by the states before its withdrawal in 2008. …
Does The Obligation To Obtain The Consent Of A Third Party Extend To Taking Further Steps After Rejection?, Yihan Goh
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
The question posed in the Court of Appeal case of The One Suites Pte Ltd v Pacific Motor Credit (Pte) Ltd [2015] SGCA 21 (“The One Suites”) was whether an obligation to use all reasonable endeavours to obtain the consent of a third party extends to taking further steps after the third party had refused to give such consent. To this, the Court, with Andrew Phang Boon Leong JA writing its grounds of decision, answered, “it depends but largely no”. More precisely, the Court said that while there almost invariably will be an implied obligation to use all reasonable endeavours …
Installation Failure: How The Predominant Purpose Test Has Perpetuated Software’S Uncertain Legal Status Under The Uniform Commercial Code, Spencer Gottlieb
Installation Failure: How The Predominant Purpose Test Has Perpetuated Software’S Uncertain Legal Status Under The Uniform Commercial Code, Spencer Gottlieb
Michigan Law Review
Courts have struggled to uniformly classify software as a good or a service and have consequently failed to apply a consistent body of law in that domain. Instead, courts have relied on the predominant purpose test to determine whether the Uniform Commercial Code (“UCC”) or common law should apply to a given software contract. This test, designed for traditional goods and services that do not share software’s complexity or rapid advancement, has perpetuated the uncertainty surrounding software’s legal status. This Note proposes that courts adopt the substantial software test as an alternative to the predominant purpose test. Under this proposal, …
Insuring Floods: The Most Common And Devastating Natural Catastrophes In America, Christopher French
Insuring Floods: The Most Common And Devastating Natural Catastrophes In America, Christopher French
Faculty Scholarship
Flooding is the most common natural catastrophe Americans face, accounting for 90% of all damage caused by natural catastrophes. Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy, for example, collectively caused over $160 billion in damage, but only approximately 10% of the Hurricane Katrina victims and 50% of the Hurricane Sandy victims had insurance to cover their flood losses. Consequently, both their homes and lives were left in ruins in the wake of the storms. Nationwide, only approximately 7% of homeowners have insurance that covers flood losses even though the risk of flooding is only increasing as coastal areas continue to be developed and …
Bilateral Investment Treaty Interpretation: An Internationalist Spirit Tempered By Context: Government Of The Laos People’S Democratic Republic V Sanum Investments Ltd, Mahdev Mohan
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
This commentary discusses the first Singapore court decision to have interpreted a BIT to which Singapore is not a party. The case concerns a dispute between the Laos People’s Democratic Republic (“Laos”) and Sanum Investments Limited (“Sanum”), a company in corporated in Macau. The Court had to determine whether a bilateral investment treaty (“BIT”) between Laos and the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC-Laos BIT”) extended to Macau, which was handed over to China after the conclusion of the treaty. The Court concluded that neither the PRC nor Laos had intended for the treaty to apply to Macau. Further, the …
Directors’ Defence Of Reliance On Professional Advisers Under Anglo-Australian Law, Wai Yee Wan
Directors’ Defence Of Reliance On Professional Advisers Under Anglo-Australian Law, Wai Yee Wan
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
This paper analyses the issue of whether directors may use reliance on professional advice as a defence to a claim for breach of duty to exercise care, skill and diligence under common law or companies legislation in England and Australia. While England and Australia share the same common law tradition and have similar statutory provisions on the standard of care of directors, an English court generally regards a director as acting reasonably when he seeks advice from a qualified and independent professional adviser in a specialist matter within his expertise. In the absence of any conflict of interest, reliance is …
Taking Stock Of The Change Of Position Defence, Hang Wu Tang
Taking Stock Of The Change Of Position Defence, Hang Wu Tang
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
The change of position defence is a developing doctrine and debate continues as to its true rationale and various facets of the defence remain unclear. Many issues surrounding the following two fundamental questions await clarifications from the courts: (a) What constitutes change of position? (b) What kind of conduct disqualifies a person from relying on the change of position defence? This article attempts to map out the contours of the debate which would hopefully be useful in framing the debate when this matter next comes before the courts.
Case Comment: Golden Season Pte Ltd And Others V Kairos Singapore Holdings Pte Ltd And Another [2015] Sghc 38, Gary Kok Yew Chan
Case Comment: Golden Season Pte Ltd And Others V Kairos Singapore Holdings Pte Ltd And Another [2015] Sghc 38, Gary Kok Yew Chan
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
This 111-page judgement has highlighted a number of significant points of law relating to the treatment of Facebook postings, emails and SMS texts in the tort of defamation. They relate primarily to the legal requirements of establishing defamatory meaning, reference to the plaintiff and defences. In addition, the case examines the awards of general and special damages as well as the viability of awarding aggravated damages to corporate plaintiffs. Apart from the plaintiff’s actions in defamation and malicious falsehood, the defendant successfully counterclaimed for copyright infringement but failed in the action based on passing off. This brief case comment focuses …
People's Republic Of China - The 1983 Joint Venture Implementing Regulations - The Supplement Of Detail, In An Attempt To Attract Foreign Investment, Eileen Golden
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
The Very Specialized United States Generalized System Of Preferences: An Examination Of Renewal Changes And Analysis Of Their Legal Effect, Gregory C. Dorris
The Very Specialized United States Generalized System Of Preferences: An Examination Of Renewal Changes And Analysis Of Their Legal Effect, Gregory C. Dorris
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Congress' Role In The International Unification Of Private Law, Peter H. Pfund, George Taft
Congress' Role In The International Unification Of Private Law, Peter H. Pfund, George Taft
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Trending@Rwu Law: Professor Carl Bogus's Post: When Corporations Grow Too Powerful: Reviving An Old Debate, Carl Bogus
Trending@Rwu Law: Professor Carl Bogus's Post: When Corporations Grow Too Powerful: Reviving An Old Debate, Carl Bogus
Law School Blogs
No abstract provided.
Introspection Through Litigation, Joanna C. Schwartz
Introspection Through Litigation, Joanna C. Schwartz
Notre Dame Law Review
This Article contends that there is a bright side to being sued: organizational defendants can learn valuable information about their own behavior from lawsuits brought against them. Complaints describe allegations of wrongdoing. The discovery process unearths documents and testimony regarding plaintiffs’ allegations. And in summary judgment briefs, expert reports, pretrial orders, and trial, parties marshal the evidence to support their claims. Each of these aspects of civil litigation can bring to the surface information that an organization does not have or has not previously identified, collected, or recognized as valuable. This information, placed in the hands of an organization’s leaders …
Is A Contractual Clause Excluding A Right Of Set-Off Subject To The Requirement Of Reasonableness In The Unfair Contract Terms Act?, Yihan Goh
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
The Court of Appeal in Koh Lin Yee v Terrestrial Pte Ltd [2015] SGCA 6 (“Koh Lin Yee”) has decided that a contractual clause excluding a right of set-off is subject to the requirement of reasonableness in the Unfair Contract Terms Act (Cap 396, 1994 Rev Ed) (“UCTA”). In doing so, it also laid down some general guiding principles relating to the application of the UCTA, namely, when a party is considered to be dealing “as consumer” under s 12(1), when a contract contains standard terms of business under s 3(1) and the application of the requirement of …
The Export Trade Note: A New Instrument For International Trade, Eugene A. Ludwig, Michael J. Coursey
The Export Trade Note: A New Instrument For International Trade, Eugene A. Ludwig, Michael J. Coursey
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
The European Commission's Ecs/Akzo Standard For Predatory Pricing In The E.E.C.: Deterrence Or Disorder?, Thomas G. Ehr
The European Commission's Ecs/Akzo Standard For Predatory Pricing In The E.E.C.: Deterrence Or Disorder?, Thomas G. Ehr
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
A Proposed Modification Of U.S. Import Relief Measures In The Context Of A U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement: Safeguard, Countervail, And Antidumping, Roland J. Behm
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
The Joint Venture And Related Contract Laws Of Mainland China And Taiwan: A Comparative Analysis, Clyde D. Stoltenberg, David W. Mcclure
The Joint Venture And Related Contract Laws Of Mainland China And Taiwan: A Comparative Analysis, Clyde D. Stoltenberg, David W. Mcclure
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
European Community: European Commission And Denmark Reach Settlement Of Dispute Over Construction Contract Granted By Denmark To Six-Party Consortium In Violation Of The Public Procurement Provisions In The Treaty Of Rome., G. Brian Raley
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Imports - Cumulation And Unfair Trade Competition - Cumulation Deemed Proper When A "Reasonable Overlap" Of Competition Exists. Wieland Werke A.G. V. United States, 718 F. Supp. 50 (Ct. Int'l Trade 1989), Kristine R. Berry
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Balance And Team Production, Kelli A. Alces
Balance And Team Production, Kelli A. Alces
Seattle University Law Review
For decades, those holding the shareholder primacy view that the purpose of a corporation is to earn a profit for its shareholders have been debating with those who believe that corporations exist to serve broader societal interests. Adolph Berle and Merrick Dodd began the conversation over eighty years ago, and it continues today, with voices at various places along a spectrum of possible corporate purposes participating. Unfortunately, over time, the various sides of the debate have begun to talk past each other rather than engage with each other and have lost sight of whatever common ground they may be able …
The Boundaries Of "Team" Production Of Corporate Governance, Anthony J. Casey, M. Todd Henderson
The Boundaries Of "Team" Production Of Corporate Governance, Anthony J. Casey, M. Todd Henderson
Seattle University Law Review
We examine the cooperative production of corporate governance. We explain that this production does not occur exclusively within a “team” or “firm.” Rather, several aspects of corporate governance are quintessentially market products. Like Blair and Stout, we view the shareholder as but one of many stakeholders in a corporation. Where we depart from their analysis is in our view of the boundaries of a firm. We suggest that they overweight the intrafirm production of control. Focusing on the primacy of a board of directors, Blair and Stout posit a hierarchical team that governs the economic enterprise. We observe, however, that …
The Team Production Model As A Paradigm, Brian R. Cheffins
The Team Production Model As A Paradigm, Brian R. Cheffins
Seattle University Law Review
Margaret Blair and Lynn Stout suggested a few years after the publication of their 1999 Virginia Law Review article, A Team Production Theory of Corporate Law, that their team production model was poised to emerge as part of a new corporate law “paradigm.” In so doing, they specifically invoked Thomas Kuhn’s well-known analysis of scientific revolutions. This Article revisits Blair and Stout’s team production theory by offering a critique of their claim that their model is destined to become a new corporate law paradigm in the Kuhnian sense. In so doing the Article draws upon key corporate law theories and …
Testing The Normative Desirability Of The Mediating Hierarch, Zachary J. Gubler
Testing The Normative Desirability Of The Mediating Hierarch, Zachary J. Gubler
Seattle University Law Review
In their influential article, A Team Production Theory of Corporate Law, Professors Margaret Blair and Lynn Stout explained how corporate law might be viewed as an attempt at solving what is known as the team production problem. At its core, this problem has to do with the opportunistic behavior that arises when multiple economic actors make investments—whether of labor, capital, or otherwise—in a business venture where these investments are said to be “firm specific” because they cannot be easily withdrawn and redeployed in other projects. The problem is how to construct a governance regime that will create incentives for the …
Team Production & The Multinational Enterprise, Virginia Harper Ho
Team Production & The Multinational Enterprise, Virginia Harper Ho
Seattle University Law Review
Margaret Blair and Lynn Stout’s path-breaking article, A Team Production Theory of Corporate Law, advances a dual thesis: first, that team production theory does a better job than its competitors (in particular, principal–agent theory) of explaining the advantages of the public corporation and key features of corporate law; and second, that, as a matter of corporate law, corporate boards are charged with advancing the collective interest of all the contributors to the corporate enterprise rather than the shareholders’ interests alone. Its central insight is that the role of the independent, or insulated, corporate board is to serve as a “mediating …
Hostile Takeovers And Overreliance, Anthony Niblett
Hostile Takeovers And Overreliance, Anthony Niblett
Seattle University Law Review
Commentators have argued that employees should be compensated in the event of a hostile takeover; otherwise, the threat of such a takeover will fail to incentivize firm-specific investments by employees. Such deferred compensation is analogous to the payment of damages following a breach of contract. The analogous breach, here, is the breach of an implicit contract between management and employees. Employees trusted management to compensate them for firm-specific investments not explicitly contracted for. This Article uses a familiar result from the contract law literature: There is no measure of damages for breach of contract that can generate both efficient breach …
Buying Teams, Andres Sawicki
Buying Teams, Andres Sawicki
Seattle University Law Review
The Sixth Annual Berle Symposium reflects on Margaret Blair and Lynn Stout’s classic article: A Team Production Theory of Corporate Law. Blair and Stout recast the modern law of public corporations through the lens of the team production theory of the firm. Here, I apply Blair and Stout’s insights—emphasizing the value of team production, independent monitors, and intellectual property rights—to a novel corporate transaction structure: the acqui-hire. In an acqui-hire, a publicly owned technology firm wants to add a start-up’s engineers. Instead of simply hiring them, though, it buys the start-up, discards most of its assets, and retains the start-up’s …
Team Production And Securities Laws, Urska Velikonja
Team Production And Securities Laws, Urska Velikonja
Seattle University Law Review
In the seminal paper that this symposium celebrates, A Team Production Theory of Corporate Law, Margaret Blair and Lynn Stout made two related points. First, that Delaware law does not require shareholder primacy in public corporations. Rather, the broad deference afforded to the decisions of predominantly independent corporate boards of directors is consistent with a contrary theory, that of team production, or, as they call it, “the mediating hierarch” theory. The fundamental role of the board of directors is to mediate between the interests of various stakeholders that contribute to the corporation’s output. As a result, Delaware courts have repeatedly …
With The Emergence Of Public Benefit Corporations, Directors Of Traditional For-Profit Companies Should Tread Cautiously, But Welcome The Opportunity To Invest In Social Enterprise, Mckenzie Holden Granum
With The Emergence Of Public Benefit Corporations, Directors Of Traditional For-Profit Companies Should Tread Cautiously, But Welcome The Opportunity To Invest In Social Enterprise, Mckenzie Holden Granum
Seattle University Law Review
Social entrepreneurship has become the popular term used to describe business forms that aim to produce profits while also seeking to significantly advance one or more social or environmental goals. In response to an increase in social entrepreneurship across sectors—from progressive industries like organic farming to conservative industries such as insurance and banking—several states have adopted new corporate governance structures. Such legislation allows incorporating businesses to choose an off-the-shelf formation type that embeds a social mission into its legal structure. The bulk of the newly implemented statutory forms provide not only a new framework for social entrepreneurs to work within, …