Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Comparative and Foreign Law (57)
- International Trade Law (55)
- International Law (48)
- Dispute Resolution and Arbitration (26)
- Law and Economics (24)
-
- Intellectual Property Law (22)
- Contracts (20)
- Business Organizations Law (19)
- Transnational Law (18)
- Tax Law (17)
- Antitrust and Trade Regulation (15)
- Banking and Finance Law (15)
- Constitutional Law (13)
- European Law (13)
- Internet Law (10)
- Administrative Law (9)
- Business (9)
- Taxation-State and Local (9)
- Civil Law (7)
- Consumer Protection Law (7)
- Legislation (7)
- Securities Law (7)
- Law and Society (6)
- Science and Technology Law (6)
- Civil Procedure (5)
- Courts (5)
- Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law (5)
- Environmental Law (5)
- Keyword
-
- China (10)
- Foreign investment (7)
- New York Convention (7)
- European Union (6)
- Trademark (5)
-
- U.S. (5)
- UCC (5)
- CISG (4)
- EU (4)
- Germany (4)
- Inc. (4)
- International commercial arbitration (4)
- The U.S. (4)
- UNCITRAL (4)
- United States (4)
- BITs (3)
- Bankruptcy (3)
- Choice of law (3)
- Commercial Law (3)
- Compliance (3)
- Enforcement (3)
- European Community (3)
- Federal Arbitration Act (3)
- GATT (3)
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (3)
- ITC (3)
- International Trade Commission (3)
- International trade (3)
- Investment (3)
- Lanham Act (3)
- Publication Year
- Publication
- Publication Type
Articles 91 - 120 of 170
Full-Text Articles in Commercial Law
“Sticky” Arbitration Clauses? The Use Of Arbitration Clauses After Concepcion And Amex, Peter B. Rutledge, Christopher R. Drahozal
“Sticky” Arbitration Clauses? The Use Of Arbitration Clauses After Concepcion And Amex, Peter B. Rutledge, Christopher R. Drahozal
Scholarly Works
We present the results of the first empirical study of the extent to which businesses have switched to arbitration after AT&T Mobility LLC v. Concepcion. The Supreme Court’s decision in Concepcion led commentators to predict that every business soon would use an arbitration clause, coupled with a class arbitration waiver, in their standard form contracts to avoid the risk of class actions. We examine two samples of franchise agreements: one sample in which we track changes in arbitration clauses since 1999, and a broader sample focusing on changes since 2011, immediately before Concepcion was decided. Our central finding is consistent …
In-Sourcing Corporate Responsibility For Enforcement Of The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, Larry D. Thompson
In-Sourcing Corporate Responsibility For Enforcement Of The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, Larry D. Thompson
Scholarly Works
In this article I first review our nation's long-standing and active aversion to corporate corruption overseas, as principally embodied in the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. I then explain how achievement of the FCPA's goals is undermined by the uncertainty in current federal enforcement policies and the consequent ambivalence toward self disclosure exhibited by multinational corporations. Finally, I argue that the only realistic way to make up the shortcomings in FCPA enforcement that flow from the Justice Department's limited resources is to motivate corporations themselves to police corruption in their foreign subsidiaries by giving them a concrete incentive in the form …
Protect Yourself: Why The Eleventh Circuit's Approach To Sanctions For Protective Order Violations Fails Litigants, Adam J. Fitzsimmons
Protect Yourself: Why The Eleventh Circuit's Approach To Sanctions For Protective Order Violations Fails Litigants, Adam J. Fitzsimmons
Georgia Law Review
Litigants commonly struggle to balance the need to comply with discovery requests and the desire to protect valuable trade secrets. Protective orders to help strike that balance. Questions arise, however, when one of the parties violates that protective order and discloses the opponent's confidential information. Chiefly, what remedies are available for a party whose invaluable intellectual property has been disclosed? At least one circuit has held the most common sanction, payment of attorney's fees, is unavailable for a violation of a protective order. Generally, Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37(b)(2) governs sanctions for violations of discovery orders, but the text …
Creating Hammer V. Dagenhart, Logan E. Sawyer Iii
Creating Hammer V. Dagenhart, Logan E. Sawyer Iii
Scholarly Works
Hammer v. Dagenhart is among the best known cases in the canon of constitutional law. It struck down the first federal child labor law on the grounds that Congress’s commerce power allowed it to prohibit the interstate shipment of harmful goods, like impure food and drugs, but not harmless goods, like the products of child labor. Withering criticism of the decision spread from Justice Holmes’s famous dissent to law reviews, treatises, casebooks, and constitutional law classes. For nearly a century the decision has been scorned as inconsistent with precedent, incoherent as policy, and driven solely by the Court’s reactionary commitment …
Rethinking The Commercial Law Treaty, John F. Coyle
Rethinking The Commercial Law Treaty, John F. Coyle
Georgia Law Review
In international commercial transactions, it is not
always clear which state's law will apply to govern a
particular contract. Historically, states have sought to
address this problem by means of two types of treaties.
The first aims to solve the problem by bringing about the
substantive unification of commercial law across multiple
jurisdictions;once the law is everywhere the same, then it
no longer matters which state's law applies to govern the
contract. The second aims to solve the problem in part by
empowering the transacting parties to choose the law that
will govern their contract; once these parties know that …
Market Realities Do Not Embody Necessary Economic Theory: Why Defendants Deserve A Safe Harbor Under Section 2 Of The Sherman Act For Exclusive Dealing, Danielle N. Paschal
Market Realities Do Not Embody Necessary Economic Theory: Why Defendants Deserve A Safe Harbor Under Section 2 Of The Sherman Act For Exclusive Dealing, Danielle N. Paschal
Georgia Law Review
Exclusive dealing agreements are a form of vertical
restraint. They are often procompetitive and treated as
presumptively legal. Although claims against
anticompetitive agreements may be pursued under
numerous antitrust laws, claims have been brought more
recently under section 2 of the Sherman Act. Antitrust
laws generally focus on the percentage of foreclosure.
Section 2 of the Sherman Act, though, requires a smaller
percentage of foreclosure of distribution channels than
other antitrust laws. Analysis under section 2 of the
Sherman Act also focuses on the actual effects of the
agreement in the relevant market. Determining the
agreement's actual effects on the …
Dare To Compare: Determining What "Other Available Methods" Can Be Considered Under Federal Rule 23(B)(3)'S Superiority Requirement, Andrea J. Parker
Dare To Compare: Determining What "Other Available Methods" Can Be Considered Under Federal Rule 23(B)(3)'S Superiority Requirement, Andrea J. Parker
Georgia Law Review
When certifying a class action lawsuit, Federal Rule 23(b)(3) requires a federal district court judge to determine that a class action lawsuit is superior to "other available methods "of handling the dispute. A disagreement has emerged among the district courts regarding what constitutes an available method under the Rule. Several courts have found that private refund programs or settlement agreements instituted by a defendant can count as available methods under the superiority requirement, while other courts have found that they do not. This Note evaluates the question of whether private refund programs or settlement agreements should be compared to class …
Arbitration Reform: What We Know And What We Need To Know, Peter B. Rutledge
Arbitration Reform: What We Know And What We Need To Know, Peter B. Rutledge
Scholarly Works
The future of commercial arbitration has become a centerpiece of the domestic congressional agenda. According to one estimate, ten different bills introduced in the 110th Congress would chip away at the enforceability of pre-dispute arbitration agreements. By far the most significant bill, the Arbitration Fairness Act, would retroactively invalidate arbitration agreements in all employment, consumer, securities and franchise contracts. An especially vague provision in a prior version of the bill would invalidate agreements involving claims under statutes intended to protect civil rights or designed to regulate transactions between parties of unequal bargaining power. Are these wise moves?
"Rabbit" Hunting In The Supreme Court: The Constitutionality Of State Prohibitions Of Sex Toy Sales Following Lawrence V. Texas, William C. Hayes
"Rabbit" Hunting In The Supreme Court: The Constitutionality Of State Prohibitions Of Sex Toy Sales Following Lawrence V. Texas, William C. Hayes
Georgia Law Review
Sexual norms in the United States are in flux. The rapid growth of the adult industry and the popularity of television shows that deal with sexuality evidence an ever-growing trend towards more liberal sexual norms. While many Americans accept-or even welcome-this shift in our sexual culture, others feel significant anxieties about the moral well-being of the community as a result of this shift away from traditional,conservative sexual values. As the culture war wages on, some states have chosen to respond to these anxieties through legislation. The U.S. Supreme Court's 2003 decision in Lawrence v. Texas, however, appears to have called …
A Key To Unlocking Your Iphone: Eliminating Wireless Service Providers' Use Of United States Copyright Law To Limit Consumer Choice And Provider Competition, Tate M. Keenan
Georgia Law Review
While consumers have a choice whether to purchase an iPhone, they have no choice in the wireless service provider that is linked to it. This is just one example of what has become a regular practice in the world of American cellular phones--cell phone locking. Today, modern American cell phone users stand at the mercy of wireless service providers. They are placed in this position in part because wireless service providers have had the inadvertent luxury of being overly protected by United States copyright law. As the law stands today, wireless service providers are not only free to lock handsets …
Judicial Review Of International Commercial Arbitral Awards By National Courts In The United States And India, Aparna D. Jujjavarapu
Judicial Review Of International Commercial Arbitral Awards By National Courts In The United States And India, Aparna D. Jujjavarapu
LLM Theses and Essays
Article V of the New York convention lays down the provisions under which the recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award may be refused. The United States and India are signatories to the Convention. Section 10(a) of the Federal Arbitration Act in the United States limits the scope of judicial review of the arbitral awards to a clear list of grounds of vacatur. The national courts of the United States have recognized several non-statutory grounds of which "manifest disregard of the law" as a standard of review is the focus in this thesis. In fact, the state of Georgia has …
Applicable Law Provisions In International Uniform Commercial Law Conventions, Paolo E. Conci
Applicable Law Provisions In International Uniform Commercial Law Conventions, Paolo E. Conci
LLM Theses and Essays
The development of international trade requires predictability and uniformity of the applicable legal framework. Such requirements can be satisfied by means of international uniform commercial law conventions, which try to set forth coherent and uniform bodies of substantial rules. A key role is also played by private international law, an instrument operating at a different level but often included in the uniform conventions themselves. This paper analyzes the relationship between international uniform commercial law conventions and private international law to investigate how it has developed over the last seventy years, and suggests a new approach to international commercial transactions in …
The Need For A Transnational Appellate Arbitral Review Body, Priya Sampath
The Need For A Transnational Appellate Arbitral Review Body, Priya Sampath
LLM Theses and Essays
This thesis analyzes the necessity for the establishment of a transnational body of arbitral appeal. The paper also elaborates on how the establishment such a body will serve as a suitable replacement for judicial review and be an effective source of appeal in general. Also prescribed are suggestions based on which the appellate body may be conceived.
Unplugging The Cable Franchise: A Regulatory Framework To Promote The Iptv Cable Alternative, Thomas Hildebrand
Unplugging The Cable Franchise: A Regulatory Framework To Promote The Iptv Cable Alternative, Thomas Hildebrand
Georgia Law Review
Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) is a new technology that promises to revolutionize the cable television industry. IPTV combines digital video technologies decades in development with the many advantages of Internet delivery, including cost and interactivity. The characteristics of IPTV that distinguish it from conventional cable television raise many regulatory questions. It is clear, however, that the decades-old cable franchising system, along with other cable-specific regulations, are a poor fit for IPTV. Wholesale application of these regulations could stifle the deployment of IPTV technology. Recently, telecommunications companies have begun rolling out competitive cable systems using IPTV over local telephone networks. To …
How To Deal With Multi-Party Nominations Of Arbitrators In International Commercial Arbitration - A Comparative Study Of Appointment Procedures With Emphasis On U.S.-European Commerce Between Private Entities, Marie-Beatrix Tupy
LLM Theses and Essays
The nomination procedure for the Arbitral Tribunal in commercial arbitration is one of the crucial points in the arbitral procedure. Parties have to have in mind the provisions of the New York Convention regarding the setting aside of an award in case of a failure during the nomination procedure of the tribunal. Besides from the famous Dutco case on multi-party arbitrations and their nomination procedures have received highest interest within the international arbitral world. As the thesis will comparatively show, all major arbitral institutions have updated their Rules, countries have even rendered new legislation with respect to the nomination procedure …
Cuno And Congress: An Analysis Of Proposed Federal Legislation Authorizing State Economic Development Incentives, Walter Hellerstein
Cuno And Congress: An Analysis Of Proposed Federal Legislation Authorizing State Economic Development Incentives, Walter Hellerstein
Scholarly Works
If anything is clear about Cuno and the controversy the opinion has spawned, it is that Congress has the last word on the matter. Whether Congress will speak to the issues Cuno has raised is currently an open question, although in one narrow respect Congress already has. Broader legislation, however, has been introduced into Congress as the "Economic Development Act of 2005," and debate over the efficacy and wisdom of this proposal is as intense as the debate over the defensibility of Cuno itself. My purpose here is not to join that debate, although I am already on record as …
Video Games As A Protected Form Of Expression, Paul E. Salamanca
Video Games As A Protected Form Of Expression, Paul E. Salamanca
Georgia Law Review
Video games, like motion pictures, failed to qualify for First Amendment protection until well after they emerged as a medium. Today, a number of courts have held that such games constitute a form of expression and do not fall into any recognized category of unprotected speech. Nevertheless, a number of commentators have called for limited constitutional protection for video games, predicating their arguments on a variety of grounds, including the alleged deleterious effects of such games on children. This Article responds to these commentators and defends recent decisions extending protection to video games.
Recognition And Enforcement Of International Commercial Arbitration Awards, Shouhua Yu
Recognition And Enforcement Of International Commercial Arbitration Awards, Shouhua Yu
LLM Theses and Essays
Arbitration is an effective way to solve disputes, through which parties from different countries can be partially free from anyone’s local jurisdiction. However, the recognition and enforcement of international arbitration awards still rely on the national court system. Since China opened its door to the world, more and more commercial disputes have been settled through arbitration. However, many foreign investors and writers have complained about the defects in the recognition and enforcement of arbitration awards in China. This paper will look into the causes of these defects in, and try to find ways to resolve the defects.
Free Movement Of Goods: A Comparative Analysis Of The European Community Treaty And The North American Free Trade Agreement, Pedro A. Perichart
Free Movement Of Goods: A Comparative Analysis Of The European Community Treaty And The North American Free Trade Agreement, Pedro A. Perichart
LLM Theses and Essays
The European Union is currently an economic union, which means that it has almost removed every internal barrier to trade, therefore achieving the free circulation of all factors of production (goods, services, capital, and persons) across the union. The North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) establishes a free trade area, with the main purpose of eliminating tariffs among its members, and to some extent, reducing other non-tariff barriers to facilitate the cross-border movement of goods. Despite their difference, both regions seek to achieve a certain degree of free movement when trading goods within their respective e internal markets. This study …
Modernizing The Law Of Secured Transactions: Nonuniform Provisions Of Georgia's Revised Article 9, James C. Smith
Modernizing The Law Of Secured Transactions: Nonuniform Provisions Of Georgia's Revised Article 9, James C. Smith
Scholarly Works
Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code governs secured transactions in personal property and fixtures. In 1990, the sponsors of the U.C.C. launched a major revision project, which culminated in Revised Article 9. Judged by the marketplace of state legislatures, the project turned out to be a remarkable success story of law reform. Between 1998 and 2001, all fifty states plus the District of Columbia enacted Revised Article 9. In Georgia, the revision process began in 1999 with the State Bar of Georgia's appointment of the Revised Article 9 Subcommittee of the Business Law Section. The seventeen-member committee, composed of …
No. 1 - Legal Systems In Transition, Ivana Janu, Josef Bejcek, Gabriel M. Wilner
No. 1 - Legal Systems In Transition, Ivana Janu, Josef Bejcek, Gabriel M. Wilner
Occasional Papers Series
A January 24-28, 2000 visit by Justice Ivana Janu, Dean Josef Bejcek, and some of the Czech colleagues to the Dean Rusk Center and the University of Georgia provided an occasion for the exchange of ideas concerning transition in the legal structure and content in the former Socialist states of central and eastern Europe. Justice Janu and Dean Bejcek prepared papers and agreed to their publication. The availability of these two important papers, one on constitutional courts and the other on transitions in commercial law, rendered to the Rusk Center the necessary impetus for the creation of the Occasional Papers …
Regulation S - Rules Governing Offers And Sales Made Outside The United States Without Registration Under The Securities Act Of 1933, Caroline Mary Rutherford Lee
Regulation S - Rules Governing Offers And Sales Made Outside The United States Without Registration Under The Securities Act Of 1933, Caroline Mary Rutherford Lee
LLM Theses and Essays
Underpinning a regulatory regime is a dichotomy between achieving certainty of outcome and achieving perceived fairness. While such a discussion may seem out of place in the context of a regulatory regime dealing with offshore offerings, it nonetheless serves to emphasize some of the considerations encountered in the following examination of Regulation S. Part Two of this thesis outlines the development of the disclosure regime that is evidenced in the United States Federal Securities Regulations and then goes on to examine how this regime, first established in the 1930s, dealt with the advent of globalization. Part Three then looks at …
Evolution Of The Arm's Length Standard In The Us Transfer Pricing Legislation And Russian Arm's Length Perspective, Andrei A. Shutov
Evolution Of The Arm's Length Standard In The Us Transfer Pricing Legislation And Russian Arm's Length Perspective, Andrei A. Shutov
LLM Theses and Essays
This thesis analyzes the evolution of the arm's length standard (ALS) as the key element of the transfer pricing control system in the US. This thesis also addresses some issues on creation of transfer pricing legislation in the Russian Federation and focuses on three sets of problems. First, it provides the general outline of the legislative history of the ALS as well as the history of the ALS' application in the US, including an overview of landmark cases, which revealed some conceptual problems with respect to the ALS. Secondly, the thesis addresses core problems associated with the ALS, such as …
Reforming China's Partnership Law: Achievements, Problems And Prospects, Hongbing Fan
Reforming China's Partnership Law: Achievements, Problems And Prospects, Hongbing Fan
LLM Theses and Essays
This thesis proposes some measures to reform China's partnership law after providing an overview of China's partnership development in a historical perspective. After a brief introduction in Part I, Part II reviews the historical development of partnerships since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Much emphasis is put on significant changes since 1978. Part III examines the basic structure and content of the present laws and regulations on partnership in China. Part V highlights the problems and limits facing China's partnership law. Measures are proposed in Part IV with detailed reference to the United States partnership law. As …
Deconstructing The Debate Over State Taxation Of Electronic Commerce, Walter Hellerstein
Deconstructing The Debate Over State Taxation Of Electronic Commerce, Walter Hellerstein
Scholarly Works
Elsewhere on these pages, the distinguished economist Charles McLure begins his contribution to the debate over taxation of electronic commerce by observing that “America is focusing on the wrong issues in debating the taxation of electronic commerce ....” He proceeds to provide a fundamental critique of the states' existing sales tax regimes and he lays out a roadmap for radical reform of the system that would, in the course of curing the basic defects in the existing state sales tax structure, incidentally resolve many of the issues that currently dominate the debate over taxing electronic commerce. I do not disagree …
Bankruptcy Reorganization: Legal Dynamics Associated With Economic Discontinuity, Young Rock Noh
Bankruptcy Reorganization: Legal Dynamics Associated With Economic Discontinuity, Young Rock Noh
LLM Theses and Essays
This thesis attempts to discover the factors leading to such failures and to propose a cure. It argues that the basic structure of Chapter 11 of the Code, the debtor in possession structure, is one of the essential factors causing such a high rate of failure. The thesis further asserts that it is possible to reduce the rate of unsuccessful reorganization if the bankruptcy court exercises its power of case management more actively and expeditiously. For example, the court can screen the debtors' filing for relief before the reorganization case proceeds too far. Chapter II of this thesis examines the …
Public Policy Defense In International Commercial Arbitration, Mingqiang Qian
Public Policy Defense In International Commercial Arbitration, Mingqiang Qian
LLM Theses and Essays
The purpose of this thesis is to examine how public policy defense functions in international commercial arbitration and whether it will block the development of international commercial arbitration. Chapter II deals with the role of public policy in international private law. This chapter examines the origins of public policy in common law countries and its functions in international private law. It is difficult to evaluate public policy as a precise concept because of its relative nature. Nevertheless, to limit its application in international private law, legal scholars have tried to clarify differences between domestic public policy, international public policy, and …
The Nafta Package And The Environment: A Green Analysis Of Its Origins And Effects, Pedro M. Morales-Gomez
The Nafta Package And The Environment: A Green Analysis Of Its Origins And Effects, Pedro M. Morales-Gomez
LLM Theses and Essays
When the presidential candidate Clinton announced that he would not support NAFTA without environmental and labor side agreements, and during the period before NAFTA's ratification by the American Congress, Mexicans lived in most tense suspense. Even though, the idea of an environmental side agreement seemed to please most environmentalists in Mexico who hoped that this would lead to creating a major environmental conscience in the Mexican government. The purpose of this thesis is to elaborate a critical analysis of the North American Free Trade Agreement, its related documents and their effects concerning the environment, specifically its legal protection. We will …
Reflections On The Reform Of Antidumping Law A Case Study Of Anti-Dumping Law In The United States, Sung Hwan Kim
Reflections On The Reform Of Antidumping Law A Case Study Of Anti-Dumping Law In The United States, Sung Hwan Kim
LLM Theses and Essays
As of the end of 1997, 29 of the 132 member countries of the WTO had some form of the antidumping regime in operation. Most of the antidumping measures were taken by developed countries, with the United States leading in the number of measures invocated, which lends support to the criticism that the United States has wielded the antidumping law for the purpose of protecting its noncompetitive domestic industry. Attendant to this criticism, and taking the United States antidumping law as a typical model law embodying the Antidumping Agreement, this thesis first looks at the evolution of antidumping law in …
Taxation Of U.S. Llc With Foreign Participation, Victor Ianovitch
Taxation Of U.S. Llc With Foreign Participation, Victor Ianovitch
LLM Theses and Essays
The instant thesis is organized in three main parts. The first contains an overview of U.S. law including constitutional issues of the topic focusing on the separation of tax powers between federal and state authorities with special attention to the basis and extent to which a State is entitled to impose levies on business organizations; a brief analysis of federal legislation allowing the pass-through regime; and summary concerning LLC legislation in the States. The second analyzes the application of the main, basic principles of international taxation (such as residence, source rules, application of international treaties, and connected with it the …