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Articles 391 - 420 of 454
Full-Text Articles in Commercial Law
Scope, Purposes, And Functions Of The Uniform Commercial Code, James B. Young
Scope, Purposes, And Functions Of The Uniform Commercial Code, James B. Young
Kentucky Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Municipal Corporations - Police Power - Sundy Closing Ordinances, David A. Nelson
Municipal Corporations - Police Power - Sundy Closing Ordinances, David A. Nelson
Michigan Law Review
The City of Chattanooga passed an ordinance making in unlawful "for any person, firm, corporation, or association operating a general merchandise store, department store, hardware, jewelry, furniture, grocery store, super market, meat market, or other similar establishments in the City of Chattanooga, Tennessee, to open such place of business on Sunday; or to sell or offer for sale, give away, or deliver any merchandise, groceries, hardware, jewelry, furniture, meat, produce, or other similar commodities or articles, on Sunday." Plaintiffs brought this action for a declaratory judgment that the ordinance was unconstitutional and for other relief. In the lower court the …
Commercial Arbitration In Indiana And The Proposed Uniform Act
Commercial Arbitration In Indiana And The Proposed Uniform Act
Indiana Law Journal
No abstract provided.
The Need For A Liberal Business Entry Statute In Indiana
The Need For A Liberal Business Entry Statute In Indiana
Indiana Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Impact Of The Commercial Code On Liability Of Parties To Negotiable Instruments In Michigan, Roy L. Steinheimer Jr.
Impact Of The Commercial Code On Liability Of Parties To Negotiable Instruments In Michigan, Roy L. Steinheimer Jr.
Michigan Law Review
Since the Uniform Commercial Code is now effective in Pennsylvania and is under active consideration by official bodies in other states, it seems appropriate to investigate in some detail the impacts which this proposed legislation would have upon the accumulated business, legislative and judicial understanding and experience in the commercial law area in a specific jurisdiction. As an illustration of the problems which will be faced by judges, lawyers and businessmen in any jurisdiction which adopts the code, the writer has chosen to analyze some impacts which the code would have on commercial law in Michigan. Space limitations make it …
Constitutional Law--State Taxation Of Interstate Commerce, William C. Brafford Jr.
Constitutional Law--State Taxation Of Interstate Commerce, William C. Brafford Jr.
Kentucky Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Constitutional Law-Commerce Clause-State Regulation Of Interstate Commerce, William O. Allen
Constitutional Law-Commerce Clause-State Regulation Of Interstate Commerce, William O. Allen
Michigan Law Review
The City of Madison enacted an ordinance prohibiting the sale within the municipality's jurisdiction of milk not pasteurized and bottled within five miles of the city's central square. Plaintiff, an Illinois corporation engaged in distributing milk and milk products in Illinois and Wisconsin, had its pasteurization plant in Illinois, approximately sixty-five miles from Madison. After it had been denied a permit to distribute milk in Madison, plaintiff brought an action for a declaratory judgment as to the validity of the ordinance. The ordinance was upheld by the Wisconsin Supreme Court as a reasonable exercise of the municipality's police power. On …
Interstate Commerce-Freight-Rate Discrimination-Action By The Interstate Commerce Commission And The Supreme Court, John F. Buchman, Iii
Interstate Commerce-Freight-Rate Discrimination-Action By The Interstate Commerce Commission And The Supreme Court, John F. Buchman, Iii
Michigan Law Review
The attack upon alleged discrimination against industrial development of the South, Southwest, and West by the maintenance of higher freight-rates on shipments from those sections to the greater markets of the North and East has followed two plans: (1) complaint to the Interstate Commerce Commission to remedy the discrimination by the exercise of its power over the rates themselves; (2) anti-trust action against the agencies through which the rates are initiated. The second plan of attack is illustrated by prosecutions brought by the Department of Justice Anti-Trust Division against forty-seven western railroads for illegal conspiracy to set unfair freight-rates, and …
The Future Of Uniform Laws -- The Commercial Code, Frank Edward Horack Jr.
The Future Of Uniform Laws -- The Commercial Code, Frank Edward Horack Jr.
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
Constitutional Law-A Federal Commercial Code-Some Possibilities Under The Constitution, Merrill N. Johnson
Constitutional Law-A Federal Commercial Code-Some Possibilities Under The Constitution, Merrill N. Johnson
Michigan Law Review
It is the purpose of this comment to examine various possibilities of federal action which would help to bring about unification, simplification and clarification in the field of commercial law. The term "commercial law" has no commonly accepted connotation; it is taken here to ·include the law of transfers of personal property by commercial methods, of negotiable instruments, of chattel securities, of agency and of business associations; in short, all those fields of law which a Continental lawyer would term "private commercial law."
Constitutional Law - Commerce Clause - Regulation Of Renovated Butter Manufacture, Michigan Law Review
Constitutional Law - Commerce Clause - Regulation Of Renovated Butter Manufacture, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, who was engaged in the manufacture of renovated butter from packing stock butter, brought an action to enjoin Alabama officials from enforcing state laws relating to the inspection and seizure of the raw material. Plaintiff contended that since the production of renovated butter was taxed and regulated by the United States, state action was excluded. The federal act conferred upon the Secretary of Agriculture, among other things the duty of ascertaining "whether or not materials used in the manufacture of said process or renovated butter are deleterious to health or unwholesome in the finished product, and in case such …
The Supreme Court, The Commerce Clause, And State Legislation, Vincent M. Barnett, Jr.
The Supreme Court, The Commerce Clause, And State Legislation, Vincent M. Barnett, Jr.
Michigan Law Review
Recent decisions have revealed a growing rift in the Supreme Court on the question of the effect of the commerce clause on state legislation. This question, a perennial one in our constitutional history, concerns state legislation affecting in some way or other the carrying on of interstate business, and the validity of that legislation in view of the clause giving Congress the authority to regulate interstate commerce. The permissible scope of state activity in the absence of Congressional action has been the troublesome problem. If Congress acts, the issue is a relatively simple one. When the state action conflicts with …
Constitutional Law - Commerce Clause - Labor Law - Power Of State To Enjoin Unfair Labor Practices Of Employees In Industries Engaged In Interstate Commerce, Michigan Law Review
Constitutional Law - Commerce Clause - Labor Law - Power Of State To Enjoin Unfair Labor Practices Of Employees In Industries Engaged In Interstate Commerce, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The appellant (defendant in the case below) and certain of its members were found guilty of unfair labor practices as defined by the Wisconsin Employment Relations Act. Plaintiff-appellee issued a cease and desist order, which was sustained by the lower court despite defendant's contention that the statute was unconstitutional on the ground that Congress had precluded such state legislation affecting interstate industries by enacting the National Labor Relations Act. Held, plaintiff's order sustained. State legislation not repugnant to the Wagner Act is operative in this field so long as the National Labor Relations Board has not acted in the …
Interstate Commerce - Motor Carrier Act Of 1935 - Power Of States To Regulate Interstate Carriers As To Sizes And Weight, Spencer E. Lrons
Interstate Commerce - Motor Carrier Act Of 1935 - Power Of States To Regulate Interstate Carriers As To Sizes And Weight, Spencer E. Lrons
Michigan Law Review
The Motor Carrier Act of 1935 provides, in section 204 (a) (1) and (2), that the Interstate Commerce Commission, in performing its duty of regulating interstate motor carriers, shall have power to "establish reasonable requirements with respect to . . . safety of operation and equipment." In section 225, the act authorizes the commission "to investigate and report on the need for Federal regulation of the sizes and weight of motor vehicles. . . ." These two sections, when read together, indicate that Congress felt that sizes and weight regulations deserved consideration apart from general safety regulations. The former are …
Constitutional Law - Interstate Commerce - Validity Of Ordinance Requiring Drummer's License, Michigan Law Review
Constitutional Law - Interstate Commerce - Validity Of Ordinance Requiring Drummer's License, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Defendant, a door-to-door salesman, solicited orders in Minnesota for goods, which were later shipped from his employer's factory in Wisconsin to his house in Minnesota. There he broke the original packages and filled his customers' orders by delivering the goods in a truck provided him by his employer. Defendant was convicted of violating a municipal ordinance requiring a license of all door-to-door canvassers. Held, the ordinance was unconstitutional as an unreasonable burden on interstate commerce, and the conviction should be set aside. City of Waseca v. Braun, (Minn. 1939) 288 N. W. 229.
Municipal Corporations - Licenses - Amount Of Fee, S. R. Stroud
Municipal Corporations - Licenses - Amount Of Fee, S. R. Stroud
Michigan Law Review
The defendant, a sandwich peddler, was convicted in the justice court of violation of an ordinance requiring peddlers to have a license. Upon appeal to the circuit court the conviction was set aside on the ground that the ordinance requiring a peddler to obtain a license at $150 per vehicle per year was invalid since the fee was unreasonably high. Held, the circuit court should be reversed and the conviction sustained since the amount of the license fee could not be considered unreasonably excessive in view of all the circumstances. People v. Riksen, 284 Mich. 284, 279 N. …
Interstate Commerce - Constitutionality Of State Weight And Size Limitations As Applied To Interstate Motor Carriers, Paul G. Kauper
Interstate Commerce - Constitutionality Of State Weight And Size Limitations As Applied To Interstate Motor Carriers, Paul G. Kauper
Michigan Law Review
A South Carolina statute limited the width of motor trucks (including semi-trailers) to 90 inches and their gross weight to 20,000 pounds. The validity of this legislation was challenged before a three-judge federal court on three grounds: (1) that it was a denial of due process under the Fourteenth Amendment; (2) that the power of the states to regulate size and weight of motor vehicles used in interstate commerce had been superseded by the Federal Motor Carrier Act of 1935; (3) that the statute as applied to vehicles used by interstate motor carriers placed an unreasonable burden upon interstate commerce. …
Municipal Corporations - Police Power - Extraterritorial Effect, Gerald M. Stevens
Municipal Corporations - Police Power - Extraterritorial Effect, Gerald M. Stevens
Michigan Law Review
A city ordinance prohibited the sale of ice cream within the city unless the seller had first obtained a certificate of registration from the city. The certificate could be obtained by registering the applicant's state ice cream factory license with the city commissioners of health, allowing an inspection of his factory, and paying an annual inspection fee. Defendant sold ice cream in the city without having done so. His factories were located two counties distant from the city; they had been duly licensed by the state. On prosecution by the city, held, the ordinance was void on the ground …
Municipal Corporations - Police Power - Validity Of Ordinance Fixing Closing Hours, Michigan Law Review
Municipal Corporations - Police Power - Validity Of Ordinance Fixing Closing Hours, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A municipal ordinance required that all local business concerns selling or distributing food stay open for business only during the hours of duty of the municipal meat and food inspector. Hotels, restaurants, boarding houses, confectioneries, drug stores, soda fountains, and milk and cream dispensers were expressly excepted from these requirements. Plaintiff, a general grocery store, sought an injunction against the enforcement of these provisions, alleging that they were unreasonable and that the exceptions were discriminatory. Held, that under its police power to protect the public health, the municipality was authorized to pass such an ordinance as an aid to …
Interstate Commerce - Constitutionality Of Weight And Size Limitations Of Motor Carriers - Commerce Clause And Due Process Clause, Donald H. Larmee
Interstate Commerce - Constitutionality Of Weight And Size Limitations Of Motor Carriers - Commerce Clause And Due Process Clause, Donald H. Larmee
Michigan Law Review
The District Court for the Eastern District of South Carolina had recently before it a well-presented case, Barnwell Bros. Inc. v. South Carolina State Highway Dept., involving the authority of the state to regulate the size and weight of motor vehicles operating on South Carolina's highways. The South Carolina statute in question limited the width of motor trucks (including semitrailers) to ninety inches, and their gross weight 4 to 20,000 pounds. The validity of this statute was challenged upon three distinct grounds: (1) that it was a denial of due process guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment; (2) that the …
The Effect Of The Contract Clause And The Fourteenth Amendment Upon The Power Of The States To Control Municipal Corporations, E. B. Schulz
The Effect Of The Contract Clause And The Fourteenth Amendment Upon The Power Of The States To Control Municipal Corporations, E. B. Schulz
Michigan Law Review
Although the power to establish systems of local government is reserved to the states under the Federal Constitution, they are obliged to exercise it in conformity with the limitations, direct or indirect, by which their powers in general are circumscribed. Since a state lacks authority to delegate powers which it does not possess, it may not confer upon municipal corporations, to cite but a few examples, the power to pass ex post facto laws and bills of attainder, to coin money, to emit bills of credit, to regulate foreign and interstate commerce, or to levy taxes for strictly private purposes. …
Municipal Corporations - Regulation Of Weights And Measures - Due Process Of Law, Milton Rabinowitz
Municipal Corporations - Regulation Of Weights And Measures - Due Process Of Law, Milton Rabinowitz
Michigan Law Review
An ordinance of the city of Chicago required the net weight of all commodities sold in load lots in the city to be determined by a municipal weighmaster prior to delivery of the load to the purchaser. This necessitated weighing the vehicle of transportation first empty, and then again when loaded. On indictment for violation of the ordinance defendant, a coal dealer, whose place of business was located 63 miles outside the municipal limits, asserted that compliance with the ordinance would involve extremely expensive rehandling of the load unless the trucks were first sent into the city unloaded, a financially …
Police Power - Validity Of A State Statute Fixing Maximum Charges For Tobacco Warehousemen, Peter S. Boter
Police Power - Validity Of A State Statute Fixing Maximum Charges For Tobacco Warehousemen, Peter S. Boter
Michigan Law Review
A statute of the state of Georgia prescribed maximum charges for handling and selling leaf tobacco. In this action, warehousemen sought to restrain the enforcement of the act, attacking it as an arbitrary exercise of state power contrary to the Fourteenth Amendment of the Federal Constitution and also as placing a substantial burden on interstate commerce in violation of the commerce clause. Held, that the statute was a constitutional exercise of the state's police power. Townsend v. Yeomans, (U.S. 1937) 81 L. Ed. 840.
The Problem Of Transfers Under Bulk Sales Laws: A Study Of Absolute Transfers And Liquidating Trusts, Thomas Clifford Billig, William L. Branch Jr.
The Problem Of Transfers Under Bulk Sales Laws: A Study Of Absolute Transfers And Liquidating Trusts, Thomas Clifford Billig, William L. Branch Jr.
Michigan Law Review
Although the first bulk sales law in the United States was enacted more than forty years ago, the host of decisions still emanating from the courts bears ample witness to the fact that this field of legal learning remains remarkably fertile. For the first decade following the original Louisiana Bulk Sales Act of 1894 the several state legislatures were busily engaged in passing statutes of similar import. During the next three decades the courts became as fully occupied as had been the legislatures in determining precisely what the legislatures meant by the language employed in the several acts. This process …
Constitutional Law-Resale Price Maintenance -Fair Trade Acts, Joseph H. Mueller
Constitutional Law-Resale Price Maintenance -Fair Trade Acts, Joseph H. Mueller
Michigan Law Review
Four cases upholding the validity of the California and Illinois Fair Trade Acts were recently sustained by the United States Supreme Court. All four cases involved a similar set of facts. Plaintiffs, the owners or authorized distributors of certain well known trade-marked articles, entered into a series of contracts with wholesalers and retailers fixing the resale prices of their branded products. When defendants, certain retailers who had refused to enter into such agreements, persisted in reselling the articles below the prices stipulated in the contracts with other retailers, plaintiffs sued to enjoin them under the provisions of the state Fair …
Municipal Corporations-Standards Required In Licensing Ordinances
Municipal Corporations-Standards Required In Licensing Ordinances
Michigan Law Review
Defendant appealed from conviction for operating a used auto business without obtaining a license for such business under a city ordinance requiring same to be granted by the city commission if in its opinion applicant was a proper and suitable person, the place to be used was proper, having in mind the nature and character of the business and possibility of commission of crime, and the sanitary facilities thereon were proper. There was no specific legislative grant for passage of such ordinance. Defendant's application was rejected by the commission mainly because of lack of proper sanitary facilities. Held, standards …
Sales - Chattel Mortgages Under The Bulk Sales Statutes
Sales - Chattel Mortgages Under The Bulk Sales Statutes
Michigan Law Review
Gessaman, who was a dealer in new and used automobiles, was indebted to the bank and other creditors. While so indebted, he executed and delivered to the acceptance corporation a chattel mortgage upon all the furniture, fixtures, equipment and supplies used in the business. Later the mortgagee took possession of the chattels without suit, and immediately afterward Gessaman was adjudged a bankrupt. The trustee, in behalf of the bank and other creditors, seeks to subject the chattels to a trust in the hands of the acceptance corporation upon the claim that the chattels were taken under a sale in violation …
Constitutional Law - Interstate Commerce - State Regulation Of Motor Carriers - Highway Conservation, Paul G. Kauper
Constitutional Law - Interstate Commerce - State Regulation Of Motor Carriers - Highway Conservation, Paul G. Kauper
Michigan Law Review
In conformity with the Texas statute regulating contract carriers, the plaintiffs applied for permits to operate as contract carriers in interstate commerce. The Texas Railroad Commission denied the application on the grounds that the proposed use of the highways would unreasonably interfere with their use by the general public and would constitute an undue burden on said highways. Held, by a three-judge court, that the Commission was acting within its authority in refusing the application on these grounds, that such refusal was valid as to interstate motor carriers, and that evidence supported the Commission's findings, consequently the bill to …
State Regulation Of Interstate Motor Carriers, Paul G. Kauper
State Regulation Of Interstate Motor Carriers, Paul G. Kauper
Michigan Law Review
After the decision in Buck v. Kuykendall, the question naturally arose whether a State could require an interstate carrier to obtain a certificate of public convenience and necessity in order to engage in intrastate business. The question is important because it is possible that interstate business cannot be conducted profitably on a given route without the benefit of supplemental earnings derived from intrastate business. No doubt was entertained by state commissions after the Buck case that they could still exercise plenary control over the intrastate operations of interstate carriers, and deny them permission to engage in intrastate business if …
Railroads - Power Of Interstate Commerce Commission To Order Extensions
Railroads - Power Of Interstate Commerce Commission To Order Extensions
Michigan Law Review
After due hearing upon a complaint filed by the Public Service Commission of Oregon asserting a failure to provide adequate transportation facilities to a large and unexploited area within that State, the Interstate Commerce Commission found that public necessity and convenience required the construction of a connecting line 185 miles in length. The Commission also found that the proposed extension, adding 1.2 per cent to the existing mileage of the Union Pacific system and costing approximately $10,000,000, would not seriously affect the ability of that organization adequately to serve the public; and that though the venture might not be profitable …