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Articles 661 - 690 of 1525

Full-Text Articles in Commercial Law

Recognition And Enforcement Of International Commercial Arbitration Awards, Shouhua Yu Dec 2004

Recognition And Enforcement Of International Commercial Arbitration Awards, Shouhua Yu

LLM Theses and Essays

Arbitration is an effective way to solve disputes, through which parties from different countries can be partially free from anyone’s local jurisdiction. However, the recognition and enforcement of international arbitration awards still rely on the national court system. Since China opened its door to the world, more and more commercial disputes have been settled through arbitration. However, many foreign investors and writers have complained about the defects in the recognition and enforcement of arbitration awards in China. This paper will look into the causes of these defects in, and try to find ways to resolve the defects.

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Good Faith In The Cisg: Interpretation Problems In Article 7, Benedict C. Sheehy Aug 2004

Good Faith In The Cisg: Interpretation Problems In Article 7, Benedict C. Sheehy

ExpressO

ABSTRACT: This article examines the dispute concerning the meaning of Good Faith in the CISG. Although there are good reasons for arguing a more limited interpretation or more limited application of Good Faith, there are also good reasons for a broader approach. Regardless of the correct interpretation, however, practitioners and academics need to have a sense of where the actual jurisprudence is going. This article reviews every published case on Article 7 since its inception and concludes that while there is little to suggest a strong pattern is developing, a guided pattern while incorrect doctrinally is preferable to the current …

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Evaluating Work: Enforcing Occupational Safety And Health Standards In The United States, Canada And Sweden, Daniel B. Klaff Aug 2004

Evaluating Work: Enforcing Occupational Safety And Health Standards In The United States, Canada And Sweden, Daniel B. Klaff

ExpressO

The United States’ occupational safety and health enforcement system is breaking down. Klaff argues that much of this breakdown has to do with a fundamental lack of worker participation in the United States’ safety and health system. Klaff makes his case by comparing and contrasting the history and enforcement schemes of the United States, Canada, and Sweden. After arguing for economic rights as human rights, Klaff concludes by offering a set of recommendations for the United States’ occupational safety and health system based upon his value-centered analysis.

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The Creation Of International Commercial Law: Sovereignty Felled, Sandeep Gopalan May 2004

The Creation Of International Commercial Law: Sovereignty Felled, Sandeep Gopalan

San Diego International Law Journal

The creation of international commercial law presents an interesting paradox for proponents of sovereignty in international law. Indeed, it could be argued that the creation of international commercial law is the vanishing point of sovereignty in that nation states are becoming increasingly less important in the creation of international commercial law with the growth of regional organizations, non-state actors, and international arbitration. This is spurred on by the march of globalization and the consequent need for international commercial law. The term "harmonization" will be used as a surrogate to discuss the creation of international commercial law, as it is the …

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The Rise Of The Code Of Conduct In Japan: Legal Analysis And Prospect, Koji Ishikawa Apr 2004

The Rise Of The Code Of Conduct In Japan: Legal Analysis And Prospect, Koji Ishikawa

ExpressO

A code of conduct is a set of rules adopted by transnational corporations (“TNCs”) to regulate mainly working conditions and the management of contract factories. TNCs adopted codes of conduct to cope with the rising criticisms from the public in late 1980s and 1990s about unfair labor practices in contract factories in Third World countries. As the globalization of the economy progressed, like American TNCs, Japanese TNCs also transferred their production bases to developing countries like China, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia in search of low wage labor. The development of a code of conduct in Japan is, however, quite different …

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Leaving Money On The Table: Contract Practice In A Low-Trust Environment, Ruben Kraiem Feb 2004

Leaving Money On The Table: Contract Practice In A Low-Trust Environment, Ruben Kraiem

ExpressO

Social capital – the level of trust inherent in a society – will affect the contracting practices that are considered standard, practical or fair. These practices in turn will help determine the parties’ positions as they approach their negotiation, how they will communicate, and what terms they will agree in any particular transaction. This is true not only for the small transaction, but also for large and complex deals. As a result, when operating in a low-trust environment, even sophisticated parties (who can bear the costs of tailoring an agreement to their particular case), will be prone to relinquish or …

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Thicker Than Blood: Holding Exxon Mobil Liable For Human Rights, Kerrie M. Taylor Jan 2004

Thicker Than Blood: Holding Exxon Mobil Liable For Human Rights, Kerrie M. Taylor

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

This Note focuses on the accountability of multinational corporations that commit human rights violations abroad. More specifically, this note will focus on whether Exxon Mobil, who reported approximately $210 billion in revenue and was listed by Fortune as the largest publicly held corporation for the year 2000, may be held liable under the Alien Torts Claim Act ("ATCA") for knowingly supporting the egregious behavior of the Indonesian military. Part I of this Note explores the scope of the corporate human rights problem. Part II discusses the birth of multinational corporations ("MNCs"). Part III examines the history of the A TCA …

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2003-2004 Survey Of International Law In The Second : Alien Tort Claims Act And Subject Matter Jurisdiction, Rohit Punj Jan 2004

2003-2004 Survey Of International Law In The Second : Alien Tort Claims Act And Subject Matter Jurisdiction, Rohit Punj

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

In Presbyterian Church of Sudan v. Talisman Energy, the District Court for the Southern District of New York held that there was subject matter jurisdiction under the Alien Tort Claims Act [hereinafter ATCA], and that the Court could assert personal jurisdiction over a foreign corporation under New York law. The Court treated Talisman Energy [hereinafter Talisman], a Canadian corporation, as a state actor for ATCA purposes and further found that Talisman's acts constituted jus cogens violations. This Court's ruling reaffirmed Second Circuit and international treaty precedent, which holds that corporations may be held liable for }us cogens violations under the …

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International Money Laundering And U.S. Law: A Need To "Know-Your-Partner", Marian Hagler Jan 2004

International Money Laundering And U.S. Law: A Need To "Know-Your-Partner", Marian Hagler

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

This article seeks to draw attention to the importance of understanding and mitigating the risks associated with the broad sweep of U.S. money laundering laws for persons pursuing new business relationships, such as new ventures in emerging markets. This article first examines the technical aspects of U.S. money laundering laws in the context of international transactions, and then provides recommendations for measured due diligence and other steps that work to reduce exposure to them by complying with the law's implicit "know your partner" requirement.

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Introduction To Indigenous Law Symposium Transcripts, Danielle R. Lapierre Jan 2004

Introduction To Indigenous Law Symposium Transcripts, Danielle R. Lapierre

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

The Center for Indigenous Law, Governance and Citizenship was established in 2003 at Syracuse University College of Law under the direction of Robert Odawi Porter. The Center has four main goals: To conduct research relating to the citizenship rights and responsibilities of Indigenous peoples in the United States, Canada, and throughout the world; To conduct research relating to the law and governance of Indigenous nations in the United States and Canada; To provide technical assistance to Indigenous nations in the United States and Canada seeking to reform their governing institutions and administrative laws, as well as federal, state, local, and …

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What Is The Federal Government's Trust Responsibility Towards Removed And Unremoved Indian Nations?, Ann C. Juliano Jan 2004

What Is The Federal Government's Trust Responsibility Towards Removed And Unremoved Indian Nations?, Ann C. Juliano

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

The question of removed and unremoved Indian nations competing with each other arises here in New York in the context of the land claims. There is also a land claim which has been filed in Pennsylvania. There are no federally recognized tribes in Pennsylvania and thus, there is an issue of a removed tribe returning to exercise jurisdiction. This raises the next question: what kind of jurisdiction do returning removed tribes have, and, given that removal policy across the country, can these types of cases arise in any number of states?

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Small State With A Big Tradition: Norway Continues Whaling At The Expense Of Integration And Nordic Cooperation, Sonja M. Halverson Jan 2004

Small State With A Big Tradition: Norway Continues Whaling At The Expense Of Integration And Nordic Cooperation, Sonja M. Halverson

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

This Note has been separated into five parts. Part I summarizes the history of whaling, details Norwegian contributions to the whaling industry, and outlines the formation and transformation of the International Whaling Commission. Part II discusses the legality of Norwegian whaling, enforcement failures within the International Whaling Commission, and exceptions to international law that legalize Norwegian whaling. Part III illustrates the negative effect of Norwegian whaling on Norway's relationship with the European Union and the potential effect that whaling could have on other Nordic countries. Part IV examines the future of Norwegian whaling and contemplates the possibility of Norway discontinuing …

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2003-2004 Survey Of International Law In The Second : Warsaw Convention, Rebecca E. Hill Jan 2004

2003-2004 Survey Of International Law In The Second : Warsaw Convention, Rebecca E. Hill

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

In Magan v. Lufthansa German Airlines, the plaintiff appealed the granting of summary judgment in favor of the defendant, Lufthansa German Airlines [hereinafter Lufthansa]. The complaint arose out of an incident that occurred on an aircraft destined for Sofia, Bulgaria on March 27, 1997.2 Plaintiff claimed that, following the pilot's announcement to be seated, some turbulence caused him to hit his head on an overhang. As a result of the impact, Plaintiff Magan broke his nose and "dislodged a dental bridge from his mouth.'' Additionally, Magan complained of blurred vision and claimed he blacked out as a result of striking …

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America's Struggle To Develop A Consistent Legal Approach To Controversial Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research And Therapeutic Cloning: Are The Politics Getting In The Way Of Hope?, Melissa S. Burchell Jan 2004

America's Struggle To Develop A Consistent Legal Approach To Controversial Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research And Therapeutic Cloning: Are The Politics Getting In The Way Of Hope?, Melissa S. Burchell

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

Part I of this note evaluates human embryonic stem cell research, including an explanation of the potential benefits of this procedure and the ethical debates surrounding this type of research. Part I also identifies the legal approach to human embryonic stem cell research currently used in the U.S. Next, Part I addresses therapeutic cloning. First, therapeutic cloning is explained and then distinguished from reproductive cloning. Second, Part I discusses the ethical concerns that arise from therapeutic cloning. Third, Part I outlines the current U.S. legal approach to therapeutic cloning. Part II of this note explains the British approach to both …

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2003-2004 Survey Of International Law In The Second: Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, Rebecca E. Hill Jan 2004

2003-2004 Survey Of International Law In The Second: Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, Rebecca E. Hill

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

In Abrams v. Societe Nationale des Chemis de Fer Francais, 332 F .3d 173 (2002), plaintiff brought suit this individually and on behalf of other Holocaust victims and such heirs against the French International Railroad, Societe Nationale des Chemis de Fer Francais [hereinafter SNCF] for actions arising out of the operation of trains which transferred thousands of French civilians to Nazi concentration camps. The allegation stated that SNCF violated customary international law by committing crimes against humanity and acts of war crimes.

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Front Matter Jan 2004

Front Matter

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

No abstract provided.

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2003-2004 Survey Of International Law In The Second: National Stolen Property Act, Pooja Sethi Jan 2004

2003-2004 Survey Of International Law In The Second: National Stolen Property Act, Pooja Sethi

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

In United States of America v. Schultz, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit examined whether conspiring to take antiquities that were owned by the Government of Egypt under Egyptian Law 117 violates the National Stolen Property Act [hereinafter NSPA]. In analyzing this issue, the Second Circuit analyzed the law of Egypt- Law 117, the meaning of the term stolen, and the Fifth Circuit's definition of the NSP A. The Second Circuit found in this case that the Egyptian antiquities were stolen within the meaning of 18 U.S.C. § 2315, NSPA. To support this finding, the Second …

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2003-2004 Survey Of International Law In The Second: International Money Laundering Statue, Rebecca E. Hill Jan 2004

2003-2004 Survey Of International Law In The Second: International Money Laundering Statue, Rebecca E. Hill

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

In United States v. Dinero Express, Inc., the Second Circuit Court of Appeals was required to decide whether the remittance scheme, viewed as an entire process, qualifies as "transfer" under § 1956(a), despite the fact no money was wired from the United States to the Dominican Republic. The Court of Appeals affirmed the trial court's holding stating that the actions of defendant qualified as a "transfer."

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Front Matter Jan 2004

Front Matter

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

No abstract provided.

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When Good Tax Law Goes Bad: Stanley Works' Recent Dilemma And How The Internal Revenue Code Disadvantages U.S. Multinational Corporations Forcing Their Flight To Foreign Jurisdictions, Heather Campbell Jan 2004

When Good Tax Law Goes Bad: Stanley Works' Recent Dilemma And How The Internal Revenue Code Disadvantages U.S. Multinational Corporations Forcing Their Flight To Foreign Jurisdictions, Heather Campbell

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

This article will attempt to describe how the U.S. international tax system hinders the competitiveness of U.S.-based multinational corporations in the global economy by increasing their economic burdens. Additionally, this article will discuss how these corporations have expatriated themselves to lower tax jurisdictions to increase competitiveness in the global market. The Stanley Works Corporation's recent proposal to reincorporate in Bermuda to decrease its own tax liability will be used as an example. Part I of this article provides a brief overview of the two main methods employed by countries to tax income derived by its own corporations from their operations …

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Facing The Challenge: Corruption State Capture And The Role Of Multinational Business, 37 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1181 (2004), Nikolay A. Ouzounov Jan 2004

Facing The Challenge: Corruption State Capture And The Role Of Multinational Business, 37 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1181 (2004), Nikolay A. Ouzounov

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Global Antitrust Enforcement: The Sherman Act Does Not Apply Without Any Direct Domestic Effect, But Discovery Assistance May Be Available To Aid A Foreign Tribunal, According To The U.S. Supreme Court, 38 J. Marshall L. Rev. 495 (2004), Sue Ann Mota Jan 2004

Global Antitrust Enforcement: The Sherman Act Does Not Apply Without Any Direct Domestic Effect, But Discovery Assistance May Be Available To Aid A Foreign Tribunal, According To The U.S. Supreme Court, 38 J. Marshall L. Rev. 495 (2004), Sue Ann Mota

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

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The Interpretive Turn In International Sales Law: An Analysis Of Fiften Years Of Cisg Jurisprudence, Larry A. Dimatteo, Lucien Dhooge, Stephanie Greene, Virginia Maurer Jan 2004

The Interpretive Turn In International Sales Law: An Analysis Of Fiften Years Of Cisg Jurisprudence, Larry A. Dimatteo, Lucien Dhooge, Stephanie Greene, Virginia Maurer

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods ("CISG") was adopted on April 11, 1980, under the auspices of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law ("UNCITRAL"). The focus of this article is not whether the CISG mandates or should mandate absolute uniformity of application. The literature on this subject is quite extensive.15 Instead, this article recognizes that many CISG provisions are the product of compromise and thus we ask whether these compromises have proven to be effective or have resulted in a chaotic jurisprudence. How have the articles of the CISG actually been interpreted …

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China's Wto Accession: Economic, Legal, And Political Implications, 27 B.C. Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 319 (2004), Karen H. Cross Jan 2004

China's Wto Accession: Economic, Legal, And Political Implications, 27 B.C. Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 319 (2004), Karen H. Cross

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

This Article discusses the unparalleled economic, legal, and political change that has confronted China during WTO accession. The Article focuses on the relationship between China's unique WTO accession process and China's reform over the past two decades. The author suggests that WTO accession has acted as a lever for economic and legal reform by locking in reform and making it irrevocable. The Article begins with a historical background of China's long road to accession and the way that this process worked to further the previously instated economic reform program. Next, the Article analyzes the manner in which WTO accession has …

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Separations, Blow-Outs, And Fallout: A Treadise On The Regulatory Aftermath Of The Ford-Firestone Tire Recall, 37 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1073 (2004), Kevin M. Mcdonald Jan 2004

Separations, Blow-Outs, And Fallout: A Treadise On The Regulatory Aftermath Of The Ford-Firestone Tire Recall, 37 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1073 (2004), Kevin M. Mcdonald

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Gollum, Meet Sméagol: A Schizophrenic Rumination On Mediator Values Beyond Self-Determination And Neutrality, James R. Coben Jan 2004

Gollum, Meet Sméagol: A Schizophrenic Rumination On Mediator Values Beyond Self-Determination And Neutrality, James R. Coben

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

Let me begin by declaring my biases. First, I am a dissatisfied consumer of mediation services, having represented both employment discrimination and family law clients in mediations. The mediators' rapid retreat to caucus, their tendency to incorrectly evaluate my clients' cases, and their strong push for particular settlement structures while simultaneously proclaiming process neutrality, all too frequently have left me (and my clients) disappointed and disillusioned. Second, I am a chronicler of "mediation car wrecks" - a voyeur, if you will, of those times when mediations go so badly that the parties end up disputing about them in court. Third, …

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Charging The Jury On Damages In Personal-Injury Cases: How New York Can Benefit From The English Practice, Charles D. Cole Jr Jan 2004

Charging The Jury On Damages In Personal-Injury Cases: How New York Can Benefit From The English Practice, Charles D. Cole Jr

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

The trial of a personal-injury case to a jury is fraught with uncertainty. Uncertainty stems from whether the plaintiff will prevail (and whether the jury will find the defendant at fault) and the amount of damages. Personal injuries, such as a broken ankle or a busted knee, do not translate well into specific dollar awards. Awarding a sum of money for a personal injury is firmly rooted in the law and is the only means available to compensate the plaintiff for a loss. These means are entrusted to the jury beginning at jury selection and continuing throughout the trial. trial …

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The Legal Arguments In The Seneca-Cayuga Tribe Bingo Hall, Daan Braveman Jan 2004

The Legal Arguments In The Seneca-Cayuga Tribe Bingo Hall, Daan Braveman

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

The Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma brought a lawsuit in federal court against the Town of Aurelius and some other defendants. That lawsuit, as much as any lawsuit that I know of that has been decided in the past, presents the issue that we are confronted with today and that is: What is the right of people to return, and what kind of jurisdictional controls can they have over the land once they return?

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Necessary Reform Of Insurance Law In China After Its Wto, Kuan-Chun Chang Jan 2004

Necessary Reform Of Insurance Law In China After Its Wto, Kuan-Chun Chang

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

This paper will include five parts: Part I will clearly examine China's obligations under the General Agreement on Trade in Service and its WTO commitments through official WTO documents. Part II will briefly introduce the history of China's insurance business and relevant legislation, discuss the recent rapid growth in the Chinese insurance market, and reveal that, although the legal reform in insurance law and related regulations has been initiated, other reforms are still necessary to back the continuing growth of the insurance market. Part III will examine whether the Insurance Law of 2002 and related regulations have conformed with all …

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Does The Right Of Self-Determination Include A Right To A Homeland?, Allison M. Dussias Jan 2004

Does The Right Of Self-Determination Include A Right To A Homeland?, Allison M. Dussias

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

I would like to spend some time pinning down some of the legal support for this proposition that the right of self-determination has to include the right to a homeland. The starting point is defining self-determination. What do we mean by self-determination? What do we mean by the right of self-determination? Once we define that then we can think more about how the idea of a homeland fits into that broader concept of self-determination.

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