Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons^™

Statutorily Based Federal Rights: A New Role For Section 1983, 14 J. Marshall L. Rev. 547 (1981), Diane I. Jennings

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Municipal Hospital Closings Under Title Vi: A Requirement Of Reasonable Justifications, Carol A. Cimkowski

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Municipal hospital closings in recent years are a by-product of two phenomena: 1) the dramatic increase in health care costs and, 2) the fiscal crisis facing many cities. The impact of this reduction in municipal services is felt most acutely by indigent inner city residents, who, because of municipal hospitals receive a portion of their funding from the federal government, have been able to challenge the closings of acute health care facilities as a violation of Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Whether plaintiffs can succeed in these suits depends upon the standard that federal courts will employ …

The Professional Bondsman: A State Action Analysis, Jim Michael Hansen

Cleveland State Law Review

Principals who have been subjected to illegal or excessive arrest procedures by the bondsman have secured only minimal redress in state judicial forums upon initiating tort actions founded upon false imprisonment, trespass and assault and battery. This Article will explore how an abused principal can attempt to secure legal redress in the federal forum, utilizing 42 U.S.C. § 1983.

The Handicapped And Mass Transportation: The Effectiveness Of Section 504 In Implementing Equal Access, Serene K. Nakano

Fordham Urban Law Journal

In an effort to advance the rights of handicapped people to use mass transportation, the Department of Transportation has enacted a series of regulations that required facilities to be updated to allow for effective use by the handicapped, including the non-ambulatory wheelchair bound. As part of these regulations, section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act contained a general clause prohibiting discrimination against the handicapped by recipients of federal funds. The legislative history of the Rehabilitation Act makes it clear that Congress intended the handicapped to be integrated into mainstream society. Imposition of such a dichotomy, moreover runs afoul of the Federal-Aid …

The Rhetoric Of Powell's Bakke, Lewis H. Larue

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Comment On "The Rhetoric Of Powell's Bakke", Jan Deutsch

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Title Vi And The Constitution: A Regulatory Model For Defining ‘Discrimination’, Charles F. Abernathy

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

In recent years confusion has surrounded the proper interpretation of title V1 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination in programs receiving federal financial assistance. Some courts have held that the title prohibits only intentional discrimination. Others have held that it proscribes actions having discriminatory effects as well, an interpretation that imposes a great burden on federal grantees. The Supreme Court heightened the confusion when five individual justices in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke questioned the propriety of the Court's earlier adoption of an "effects" test for title VI. Professor Abernathy argues that this …

Response To "The Rhetoric Of Powell's Bakke", James B. White

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Recent Development: Amenability Of Foreign Corporations To United States Employment Discrimination Laws, Kevin C. Tyra

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

As the Linskey court noted, the existence of employment exemption provisions in over thirty commercial treaties, if liberally construed, would create a loophole in Title VII enforcement. Given the ever-increasing number of United States employees of foreign-owned corporations, liberal treaty constructions could decrease the scope of Title VII.

Nevertheless, the effect on international commerce must be considered. Although equal employment opportunity is a laudable goal, this goal may conflict with the values of other cultures, as it did with the culturally-based organization and management philosophy of the C. Itoh Co. A more prudent approach to the problem of subsidiaries might …

Sexual Harassment And Race: A Legal Analysis Of Discrimination, Judy Scales-Trent

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Race, Class, And The Contradictions Of Affirmative Action, Henry Mcgee, Alan Freeman, Derrick A. Bell

Faculty Articles

A panel discussion on "Race, Class, and the Contradictions of Affirmative Action" was held as a part of the Third Annual Conference on Critical Legal Studies on November 10, 1979. Professor Alan Freeman, of the University of Minnesota Law School, convened the panel by setting forth the questions to be discussed and critiquing existing theories that have been offered to address the topic. The questions set forth for the panel was whether racism, although a historically separate and identifiable form of oppression, can be approached and remedied in any substantial way without simultaneously confronting the class structure in general. Can …

Remedies For Private Intelligence Abuses: Legal And Ideological Barriers, Julie Shapiro, David Kairys

Faculty Articles

Surveillance and intelligence activities by private companies and individuals are not new to the United States; the nuclear power industry's resort to such activities poses new civil liberties and social problems. The extreme danger embodied in nuclear facilities and materials and the fear of "nuclear terrorism" provide the most plausible justification in our history for the wholesale destruction of civil liberties. Ostensibly responding to these dangers, corporate and government agencies have conducted surveillance of and gathered intelligence about opponents of nuclear power. As in the past, the targets of these activities are not terrorists but citizens who nonviolently oppose corporate …

Slouching Toward Bethlehem With The Ninth Amendment, William W. Van Alstyne

Faculty Publications

This review discusses Charles Black’s work “Decision According to Law”, which examines the tendency and the means used by activist judges to provide fair decisions through the use of more flexible principles of Constitutional law. While Black’s writing style is both informative and powerful, his original thesis regarding the Ninth Amendment acting as Congressional endorsement of the courts’ activist role is uncompelling and poorly supported.

The Present Status Of The Intracorporate Conspiracy Doctrine, Milton Handler, Thomas A. Smart

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

United Steelworkers Of America V. Weber: An Exercise In Understandable Indecision, George Schatzki

Washington Law Review

It is well known to those involved in the world of employment-discrimination law that in 1974 the United Steelworkers of America and Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation entered into a collective-bargaining agreement which provided for a new on-the-job training program designed solely to correct the virtually total absence of blacks in Kaiser's craft workforce. Fifty percent of the trainees were to be black. Brian Weber, a white production worker who failed to obtain a position in the program, instituted a class action suit alleging that the affirmative action plan discriminated against him and his white colleagues in violation of Title …

United Steelworkers Of America V. Weber: An Exercise In Understandable Indecision, George Schatzki

Washington Law Review

It is well known to those involved in the world of employment-discrimination law that in 1974 the United Steelworkers of America and Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation entered into a collective-bargaining agreement which provided for a new on-the-job training program designed solely to correct the virtually total absence of blacks in Kaiser's craft workforce. Fifty percent of the trainees were to be black. Brian Weber, a white production worker who failed to obtain a position in the program, instituted a class action suit alleging that the affirmative action plan discriminated against him and his white colleagues in violation of Title …

Contribution Between Parties To A Discriminatory Collective Bargaining Agreement, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

This Note examines rules of title VII back pay liability and apportionment. Part I argues that all signatories to a discriminatory collective bargaining agreement should be jointly and severally liable to injured persons for back pay. Although a union or employer may object to joint and several liability if its opponent in collective bargaining proposed and bargained for the discriminatory term, the purposes of title VII require that the parties become jointly and severally liable upon signing the agreement. Since joint and several liability fully serves the compensatory purpose of the statute, Part II of the Note looks to deterrence …

Implied Private Remedies Under Federal Statutes: Neither A Death Knell Nor A Moratorium--Civil Rights, Securities Regulation, And Beyond, Thomas L. Hazen

Vanderbilt Law Review

The part of this Article that follows contains an examination of the implication process as it has developed in the federal courts.As will be seen, the Supreme Court has gone through a cyclical pattern of expansion and contraction in implying remedies with respect to a wide range of substantive areas. Accordingly, it is not possible to glean a single unified theory from the sixty-five years of Supreme Court activity. There are, however, a number of recurring themes, and it is possible to view all of the diverse approaches as part of a loosely defined pattern that was formulated into a …

Certain Named And Unnamed Non-Citizen Children And Their Parents V. Texas, Lewis F. Powell Jr.

Supreme Court Case Files

No abstract provided.

County Of Washington, Oregon V. Gunther, Lewis F. Powell Jr.

Supreme Court Case Files

No abstract provided.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (Eeoc) V. Associated Dry Goods Corp., Lewis F. Powell Jr.

Supreme Court Case Files

No abstract provided.

The Inequitable Burden Of School Desegregation Remedies: The Effects Of Shift In Supreme Court Decisions On The Buffalo School Desegregation Case, Denise E. O'Donnell

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Wage Discrimination And Job Segregation: The Survival Of A Theory, Ruth G. Blumrosen

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

My earlier article in this journal, Wage Discrimination, Job Segregation, and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, advanced the theory that the same discriminatory factors which lead to job segregation are also likely to be responsible for wage differentials between segregated jobs. The discriminatorily depressed wage rate of the segregated job is therefore one of the "adverse effects" under Griggs v. Duke Power Co. of job segregation. In order to establish a prima facie case of wage discrimination in a Title VII action, plaintiffs must show the fact of job segregation - that the jobs were …

Civil Rights–Employment Discrimination–Voluntary Affirmative Action Allowed, Carol S. Arnold

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Columbus Board Of Education V. Penick And Dayton Board Of Education V. Brinkman On Proving Segregative Intent In School Desegregation Cases, Bernadine S. Balance

North Carolina Central Law Review

No abstract provided.

Title Ix And Employment Discrimination: A Wrong In Search Of A Remedy, Rosemary C. Salomone

Faculty Publications

(Excerpt)

Since the early 1960's when the struggle for women's rights gained renewed strength and hope from the civil rights movement, a number of federal laws have been enacted to protect the rights of women in employment. Among these laws are included Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as amended in 1972 (hereinafter referred to as Title VII) which prohibits employment discrimination based upon sex in addition to the grounds of race, color, religion and national origin; Executive Order 11375 which prohibits sex discrimination by employers holding federal contracts; and the Equal Pay Act of 1963 as …

The First Amendment And The Free Press: A Comment On Some New Trends And Some Old Theories, William W. Van Alstyne

Faculty Publications

Responding to the trend of media rights being subjugated through the legal process, this article examines Justice Stewart's suggestion that the media should be treated with extra deference in First Amendment cases. This examination looks at the sufficiency of the press's claim of judicial harshness, whether the press should be treated differently than other speakers, and also compares press freedom in foreign nations.

Martin Luther King Junior Elementary School Children V. Michigan Board Of Education: Extension Of Eeoa Protection To Black-English-Speaking Students

William & Mary Law Review

No abstract provided.

Essay--Affirmative Action: Making Decisions, Thomas D. Barton

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Maryland's Equal Rights Amendment Challenges The Common Law Action Of Criminal Conversation: Kline V. Ansell, Mckay Marsden

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.