Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Constitutional Law (39)
- Law and Race (39)
- Law and Society (15)
- Labor and Employment Law (13)
- Election Law (11)
-
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (11)
- Courts (10)
- Criminal Law (10)
- Criminal Procedure (10)
- Education Law (9)
- Law and Gender (9)
- Fourteenth Amendment (8)
- Supreme Court of the United States (8)
- Judges (6)
- Legal History (6)
- Legislation (5)
- Sociology (5)
- Business Organizations Law (4)
- Civil Procedure (4)
- Law and Politics (4)
- Legal Education (4)
- Litigation (4)
- Sexuality and the Law (4)
- Arts and Humanities (3)
- Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law (3)
- Human Rights Law (3)
- Immigration Law (3)
- Law and Economics (3)
- Institution
-
- Duke Law (33)
- Washington and Lee University School of Law (20)
- West Virginia University (14)
- Maurer School of Law: Indiana University (10)
- Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law (10)
-
- Georgetown University Law Center (7)
- University of Miami Law School (7)
- University of Michigan Law School (7)
- Columbia Law School (6)
- Pepperdine University (6)
- University of Colorado Law School (6)
- American University Washington College of Law (4)
- University of Richmond (4)
- University of Cincinnati College of Law (3)
- Boston University School of Law (2)
- Louisiana State University Law Center (2)
- SJ Quinney College of Law, University of Utah (2)
- St. John's University School of Law (2)
- University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law (2)
- University of South Carolina (2)
- Vanderbilt University Law School (2)
- William & Mary Law School (2)
- BLR (1)
- Bridgewater State University (1)
- California State University, San Bernardino (1)
- Campbell University School of Law (1)
- Duquesne University (1)
- Florida A&M University College of Law (1)
- Fordham Law School (1)
- Marquette University Law School (1)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Faculty Scholarship (39)
- Washington and Lee Law Review (19)
- West Virginia Law Review (14)
- Indiana Law Journal (9)
- Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works (7)
-
- Villanova Law Review (1956 - ) (7)
- Pepperdine Law Review (6)
- Publications (6)
- Faculty Publications (4)
- Michigan Law Review (4)
- University of Miami Law Review (4)
- American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law (3)
- Faculty Articles and Other Publications (3)
- Articles (2)
- Center for Gender & Sexuality Law (2)
- Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports Law Journal (1994 - ) (2)
- Law Faculty Publications (2)
- Law Student Publications (2)
- Michigan Law Review First Impressions (2)
- William & Mary Law Review (2)
- Arkansas Law Review (1)
- Articles & Chapters (1)
- Articles by Maurer Faculty (1)
- Campbell Law Review (1)
- Duquesne Law Review (1)
- ExpressO (1)
- Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters (1)
- Faculty Working Papers (1)
- Fordham Urban Law Journal (1)
- Honors Program Theses and Projects (1)
- Publication Type
Articles 61 - 90 of 171
Full-Text Articles in Civil Rights and Discrimination
From Reconstruction To Obama: Understanding Black Invisibility, Racism In Appalachia, And The Legal Community's Responsibility To Promote A Dialogue On Race At The Wvu College Of Law, Brandon M. Stump
West Virginia Law Review
No abstract provided.
Different Shades Of Bias: Skin Tone, Implicit Racial Bias, And Judgments Of Ambiguous Evidence, Justin D. Levinson, Danielle Young
Different Shades Of Bias: Skin Tone, Implicit Racial Bias, And Judgments Of Ambiguous Evidence, Justin D. Levinson, Danielle Young
West Virginia Law Review
No abstract provided.
“Equal Citizenship Stature”: Justice Ginsburg’S Constitutional Vision, Neil S. Siegel
“Equal Citizenship Stature”: Justice Ginsburg’S Constitutional Vision, Neil S. Siegel
Faculty Scholarship
In this essay, Professor Siegel examines the nature and function of constitutional visions in the American constitutional order. He argues that Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg possesses such a vision and that her vision is defined by her oft-stated commitment to “full human stature,” to “equal citizenship stature.” He then defends Justice Ginsburg’s characteristically incremental and moderate approach to realizing her vision. He does so in part by establishing that President Barack Obama articulated a similar vision and approach in his Philadelphia speech on American race relations and illustrated its capacity to succeed during the 2008 presidential election.
A Post-Race Equal Protection?, Trina Jones, Mario L. Barnes, Erwin Chemerinsky
A Post-Race Equal Protection?, Trina Jones, Mario L. Barnes, Erwin Chemerinsky
Faculty Scholarship
Most vividly demonstrated in the 2008 election of the first African-American President of the United States, post-race is a term that has been widely used to characterize a belief in the declining significance of race in the United States. Post-racialists, then, believe that racial discrimination is rare and aberrant behavior as evidenced by America’s pronounced racial progress. One practical consequence of a commitment to post-racialism is the belief that governments - both state and federal - should not consider race in their decision making. One might imagine that the recent explosion in post-racial discourse also portends a revised understanding of …
The Many Faces Of Strict Scrutiny: How The Supreme Court Changes The Rules In Race Cases, Evan Gerstmann, Christopher Shortell
The Many Faces Of Strict Scrutiny: How The Supreme Court Changes The Rules In Race Cases, Evan Gerstmann, Christopher Shortell
Political Science Faculty Publications and Presentations
In this paper, we argue that there is no single test called strict scrutiny when the Court considers claims of racial discrimination. In fact, the Court changes the rules depending on why and how the government is using race. By examining racial redistricting, remedial affirmative action, and diversitybased affirmative action cases, we show how the Court uses at least three very different versions of strict scrutiny. The costs of maintaining the fiction of unitary strict scrutiny is high. In the area of racial profiling, for example, courts refuse to apply strict scrutiny for fear that it will either overly hamper …
Outside/Inside, Jarrett T. Barrios
Outside/Inside, Jarrett T. Barrios
American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law
No abstract provided.
Contingent Equal Protection: Reaching For Equality After Ricci And Pics, Jennifer S. Hendricks
Contingent Equal Protection: Reaching For Equality After Ricci And Pics, Jennifer S. Hendricks
Publications
The Supreme Court's decision in Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District #1 has been extensively analyzed as the latest step in the Court's long struggle with the desegregation of public schools. This Article examines the decision's implications for the full range of equal protection doctrine dealing with benign or remedial race and sex classifications. Parents Involved revealed a sharp division on the Court over whether government may consciously try to promote substantive equality. In the past, such efforts have been subject to an equal protection analysis that allows race-conscious or sex-conscious state action, contingent on existing, de …
Response: Anti-Discrimination Law In Peril?, Trina Jones
Response: Anti-Discrimination Law In Peril?, Trina Jones
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Alienated: A Reworking Of The Racialization Thesis After September 11, Ming H. Chen
Alienated: A Reworking Of The Racialization Thesis After September 11, Ming H. Chen
American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law
No abstract provided.
Snyder V. Louisiana: Continuing The Historical Trend Towards Increased Scrutiny Of Peremptory Challenges, John P. Bringewatt
Snyder V. Louisiana: Continuing The Historical Trend Towards Increased Scrutiny Of Peremptory Challenges, John P. Bringewatt
Michigan Law Review
In March 2008, the Supreme Court decided Snyder v. Louisiana, the latest in the line of progeny of Batson v. Kentucky. This Note demonstrates that Snyder is part of a historical pattern of Supreme Court decisions concerning the use of peremptory challenges in which the Court has moved away from permitting the unfettered use of the peremptory challenge in favor of stronger Equal Protection considerations. Snyder alters the requirements for trial judges in deciding Batson challenges by requiring them to provide some explanation of their reasons for accepting a prosecutor's justification of a peremptory challenge. Snyder is the …
Restraining The Heartless: Racist Speech And Minority Rights, Jeannine Bell
Restraining The Heartless: Racist Speech And Minority Rights, Jeannine Bell
Indiana Law Journal
Symposium: An Ocean Apart? Freedom of Expression in Europe and the United States. This Article was originally written in French and delivered as a conference paper at a symposium held by the Center for American Law of the University of Paris II (Panthèon-Assas) on January 18-19, 2008.
Does Unconscious Racial Bias Affect Trial Judges?, Chris Guthrie, Jeffrey J. Rachlinski, Sheri Lynn Johnson, Andrew J. Wistrich
Does Unconscious Racial Bias Affect Trial Judges?, Chris Guthrie, Jeffrey J. Rachlinski, Sheri Lynn Johnson, Andrew J. Wistrich
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Race matters in the criminal justice system. Black defendants appear to fare worse than similarly situated white defendants. Why? Implicit bias is one possibility. Researchers, using a well-known measure called the implicit association test, have found that most white Americans harbor implicit bias toward Black Americans. Do judges, who are professionally committed to egalitarian norms, hold these same implicit biases? And if so, do these biases account for racially disparate outcomes in the criminal justice system? We explored these two research questions in a multi-part study involving a large sample of trial judges drawn from around the country. Our results …
The Antidiscrimination Paradox: Why Sex Before Race?, Kimberly A. Yuracko
The Antidiscrimination Paradox: Why Sex Before Race?, Kimberly A. Yuracko
Faculty Working Papers
This paper seeks to explain a paradox: Why does Title VII's prohibition on sex discrimination currently look so much more expansive than its prohibition on race discrimination? Why in particular, do workers appear to be receiving greater protection for expressions of gender identity than for expressions of racial identity? I argue that as a doctrinal matter, the paradox is illusory—the product of a fundamental misinterpretation of recent sex discrimination case law by scholars. Rather than reflecting fundamentally distinct antidiscrimination principles, the race and sex cases in fact reflect the same traditional commitments to ending status discrimination and undermining group-based subordination. …
Do We Care Enough About Racial Inequality? Reflections On The River Runs Dry, Guy-Uriel Charles
Do We Care Enough About Racial Inequality? Reflections On The River Runs Dry, Guy-Uriel Charles
Faculty Scholarship
In response to Kimberly West-Faulcon, The River Runs Dry: When Title VI Trumps State Anti–Affirmative Action Laws, 157 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 1075 (2009)
The Conscience Of A Court, Girardeau A. Spann
The Conscience Of A Court, Girardeau A. Spann
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
The author explains his conclusion that the Supreme Court, as a matter of conscience, considers racial discrimination to be good for America. That conclusion, he argues, offers the only plausible account of the Court's repeated insistence on displacing populist efforts to promote racial equality with the Court's own, more-regressive, version of expedient racial politics. Although the Court has had what is at best a checkered history when called upon to adjudicate claims of racial injustice, until now, the contemporary Court might arguably have been accorded the benefit of the doubt. But after its five-to-four ruling in the 2007 Resegregation case, …
Ending Jim Crow Life Insurance Rates, Mary L. Heen
Ending Jim Crow Life Insurance Rates, Mary L. Heen
Law Faculty Publications
This Article tells the story of the rise and fall of explicit race-based pricing practices as American life insurance companies responded to changes in the social, economic, and legal status of former slaves. The role of law in that story, from the Civil War to the beginning of this century, illustrates the complex interaction between civil rights reform and private commercial markets. Despite early laws prohibiting race-based life insurance rates, racial discrimination persisted in various forms for over a century due to the strength of the underlying racial ideologies, the rhetorical power of actuarial language, and the structure and regulation …
Postracial Discrimination, Girardeau A. Spann
Postracial Discrimination, Girardeau A. Spann
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
Claims of racial injustice can be challenged by arguing that the culture makes it possible for minorities to compete with whites on a level playing field. Under this reasoning, racial disparities that continue to inhere in the allocation of societal benefits and burdens must be caused by the attributes of individual minority group members themselves, rather than by any invidious consideration of their race. The election of President Obama now gives this argument more apparent plausibility than it has had in the past. Indeed, if one were inclined to preserve the nation’s tradition of privileging white interests over the interests …
Procedural Extremism: The Supreme Court's 2008-2009 Labor And Employment Cases, Melissa Hart
Procedural Extremism: The Supreme Court's 2008-2009 Labor And Employment Cases, Melissa Hart
Publications
It has become nearly a commonplace to say that the Supreme Court under the leadership of Chief Justice John Roberts is a court of “incrementalism.” The 2008 Term, however, featured several opinions that showcase the procedural extremism of the current conservative majority. In a series of sharply divided decisions, the Court re-shaped the law that governs the workplace - or more specifically the law that governs whether and how employees will be permitted access to the courts to litigate workplace disputes. At least as important as the Court’s changes to the substantive legal standards are the procedural hurdles the five …
After Inclusion, Mitu Gulati, Devon W. Carbado, Catherine Fisk
After Inclusion, Mitu Gulati, Devon W. Carbado, Catherine Fisk
Faculty Scholarship
What forms of discrimination are likely to be salient in the coming decade? This review flags a cluster of problems that roughly fall under the rubric of inclusive exclusions or discrimination by inclusion. Much contemporary discrimination theory and empirical work is concerned not simply with mapping the forces that keep people out of the labor market but also with identifying the forces that push them into hierarchical structures within workplaces and labor markets. Underwriting this effort is the notion that, although determining what happens before and during the moment in which a prospective employee is excluded from an employment opportunity …
Denny V. Elizabeth Arden Salons, Inc.: Condoning Race Discrimination In Resembling Places Of Public Accommodation Under Title Ii, Radiance A. Walters
Denny V. Elizabeth Arden Salons, Inc.: Condoning Race Discrimination In Resembling Places Of Public Accommodation Under Title Ii, Radiance A. Walters
Student Articles and Papers
No abstract provided.
Unconscious Racism Revisited: Reflections On The Impact And Origins Of "The Id, The Ego, And Equal Protection", Charles R. Lawrence Iii
Unconscious Racism Revisited: Reflections On The Impact And Origins Of "The Id, The Ego, And Equal Protection", Charles R. Lawrence Iii
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
Twenty years ago, Professor Charles Lawrence wrote “The Id, The Ego, and Equal Protection: Reckoning With Unconscious Racism.” This article is considered a foundational document of Critical Race Theory and is one of the most influential and widely cited law review articles. The article argued that the purposeful intent requirement found in Supreme Court equal protection doctrine and in the Court’s interpretation of antidiscrimination laws disserved the value of equal citizenship expressed in those laws because many forms of racial bias are unconscious. Professor Lawrence suggested that rather than look for discriminatory motive, the Court should examine the cultural meaning …
White Cartels, The Civil Rights Act Of 1866, And The History Of Jones V. Alfred H. Mayer Co., Darrell A. H. Miller
White Cartels, The Civil Rights Act Of 1866, And The History Of Jones V. Alfred H. Mayer Co., Darrell A. H. Miller
Faculty Scholarship
In 2008, Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. turned forty. In Jones, the U.S. Supreme Court held for the first time that Congress can use its enforcement power under the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery, to prohibit private racial discrimination in the sale of property. Jones temporarily awoke the Thirteenth Amendment and its enforcement legislation--the Civil Rights Act of 1866--from a century-long slumber. Moreover, it recognized an economic reality: racial discrimination by private actors can be as debilitating as racial discrimination by public actors. In doing so, Jones veered away from three decades of civil rights doctrine--a doctrine that had …
Toward A New Civil Rights Framework, Guy-Uriel Charles
Toward A New Civil Rights Framework, Guy-Uriel Charles
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
At The Intersection Of Race And History: The Unique Relationship Between The Davis Intent Requirement And The Crack Laws, Christopher J. Tyson
At The Intersection Of Race And History: The Unique Relationship Between The Davis Intent Requirement And The Crack Laws, Christopher J. Tyson
Journal Articles
No abstract provided.
Volunteer Discrimination, Angela Onwuachi-Willig
Volunteer Discrimination, Angela Onwuachi-Willig
ExpressO
This Essay analyzes a debate regarding the potential racial motivations behind the new National Basketball Association (NBA) Dress Code. Specifically, this Essay examines whether the defense of the new NBA dress code by some Blacks—as pure business, free from racial discrimination—should be viewed as action negating other Blacks’ claims of improper racial motivation behind the policy. I contend that, rather than negating allegations of racism, the reactions of the policy-defending black NBA athletes and leaders only highlight the immense pressures that Blacks have in our society to perform their identity in a way that is racially palatable. In particular, I …
The Current Landscape Of Race: Old Targets, New Opportunities, Richard Delgado
The Current Landscape Of Race: Old Targets, New Opportunities, Richard Delgado
Michigan Law Review
It is difficult enough identifying areas within a current field of scholarship that are underdeveloped and in need of further attention. In science, one thinks of missing elements in the periodic table or planets in a solar system that our calculations tell us must be there but that our telescopes have not yet spotted. In civil-rights law, one thinks of such areas as women's sports or the problems of intersectional groups, such as women of color or gay black men. One also thinks of issues that current events are constantly thrusting forward, such as discrimination against Arabs or execution of …
The Contradiction Between Equal Protection's Meaning And Its Legal Substance: How Deliberate Indifference Can Cure It, Derek W. Black
The Contradiction Between Equal Protection's Meaning And Its Legal Substance: How Deliberate Indifference Can Cure It, Derek W. Black
Faculty Publications
This Article highlights the inherent ambiguities of racial antidiscrimination’s core legal language: “equal protection under the law” and “discrimination based on race.” It then analyzes how and why the Court has never answered fundamental questions regarding the meaning of these terms. Thus, this Article answers these fundamental questions itself by exploring the original intent behind the Equal Protection Clause. Against this backdrop, this Article reveals how the Court’s standard for assessing discrimination claims, the intent doctrine, assumes a meaning for equal protection that is inconsistent with its original meaning. Rather than reflecting equal protection’s meaning, the standard lacks any basis …
Preclearance, Discrimination, And The Department Of Justice: The Case Of South Carolina, Guy-Uriel Charles, Luis Fuentes-Rohwer
Preclearance, Discrimination, And The Department Of Justice: The Case Of South Carolina, Guy-Uriel Charles, Luis Fuentes-Rohwer
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Revisiting "The Need For Negro Lawyers": Are Today's Black Corporate Lawyers Houstonian Social Engineers?, H. Timothy Lovelace Jr.
Revisiting "The Need For Negro Lawyers": Are Today's Black Corporate Lawyers Houstonian Social Engineers?, H. Timothy Lovelace Jr.
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Reconsidering Severe Or Pervasive: Aligning The Standard In Sexual Harassment And Racial Harassment Causes Of Action, Heather L. Kleinschmidt
Reconsidering Severe Or Pervasive: Aligning The Standard In Sexual Harassment And Racial Harassment Causes Of Action, Heather L. Kleinschmidt
Indiana Law Journal
No abstract provided.