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Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons™
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Articles 241 - 270 of 294
Full-Text Articles in Civil Rights and Discrimination
English-Only Rules And The Right To Speak One's Primary Language In The Workplace, Juan F. Perea
English-Only Rules And The Right To Speak One's Primary Language In The Workplace, Juan F. Perea
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This Article analyzes the issues raised by English-only rules and the decisions discussing these rules. Part I reviews the leading cases on English-only rules. The Article then explores several issues that must be considered in deciding any English-only rule case under Title VII. Part II addresses whether speaking one's primary language should constitute a protected right as an aspect of national origin under Title VII. This Article argues that primary language should be protected under Title VII for several reasons: the courts and the EEOC construe the term "national origin" broadly; primary language constitutes a fundamental aspect of ethnicity and …
Gender And Race Bias Against Lawyers: A Classroom Response, Suellyn Scarnecchia
Gender And Race Bias Against Lawyers: A Classroom Response, Suellyn Scarnecchia
Articles
In reviewing other clinicians' approaches to teaching about bias, I identified problems that eventually led me to design a two-hour class session on bias against lawyers. The following is a review of a few other teaching methods and a description of my own approach, detailing its own strengths and weaknesses. This is not an exhaustive review of all possible approaches to bias. It is offered to promote classroom discussion of bias against lawyers and to invite the development of innovative alternatives to my approach.
Decoding Richmond: Affirmative Action And The Elusive Meaning Of Constitutional Equality, Michel Rosenfeld
Decoding Richmond: Affirmative Action And The Elusive Meaning Of Constitutional Equality, Michel Rosenfeld
Michigan Law Review
This Article first briefly considers the conceptual and constitutional framework out of which the controversy in Croson emerges. Next, the Article turns to Croson itself, and focuses on the Court's adoption of the strict scrutiny test, on the disagreement among the Justices concerning the test's meaning and implications, and on the Court's use of decontextualization to manipulate the key conceptual and factual issues at stake. Finally, drawing upon the principle of equality of opportunity, the Article endeavors to demonstrate how the adoption of particular principles of substantive equality can lead to a comprehensive and coherent constitutional resolution of the affirmative …
Finding A "Manifest Imbalance": The Case For A Unified Statistical Test For Voluntary Affirmative Action Under Title Vii, David D. Meyer
Finding A "Manifest Imbalance": The Case For A Unified Statistical Test For Voluntary Affirmative Action Under Title Vii, David D. Meyer
Michigan Law Review
This Note analyzes the "manifest imbalance" standard developed in Weber and Johnson and the various approaches the lower courts have taken in trying to apply the test. Part I examines the Weber and Johnson opinions in some detail, and argues that the Court intended to permit affirmative action aimed at remedying the evident effects of past discrimination, regardless of whether the employer or society at large is to blame. Section I.A describes the diverging constitutional and statutory standards for evaluating voluntary affirmative action programs, and the policies behind the divergence. Sections I.B and I.C take a closer look at the …
Protection Of Civil Rights: A Constitutional Mandate For The Federal Government, Julius Chambers
Protection Of Civil Rights: A Constitutional Mandate For The Federal Government, Julius Chambers
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Federal Law and Southern Order: Racial Violence and Constitutional Conflict in the Post-Brown South by Michal Belknap
The Plessy Case: A Legal-Historical Interpretation, David D. Meyer
The Plessy Case: A Legal-Historical Interpretation, David D. Meyer
Michigan Law Review
A Review of The Plessy Case: A Legal-Historical Interpretation by Charles A. Lofgren
The Politics Of Victimization Makes Strange Bedfellows, Jennifer L. Hochschild
The Politics Of Victimization Makes Strange Bedfellows, Jennifer L. Hochschild
Michigan Law Review
A Review of The Civil Rights Society: The Social Construction of Victims by Kristin Bumiller, and Plural But Equal: Blacks and Minorities in America's Plural Society by Harold Cruse
Legislative Inaction And The Patterson Case, Earl M. Maltz
Legislative Inaction And The Patterson Case, Earl M. Maltz
Michigan Law Review
In its October 1988 issue,1 the Michigan Law Review published a symposium on Patterson v. McLean Credit Union, a case in which the Supreme Court has requested reargument on the question of whether Runyon v. McCrary should be overruled or modified. Each of the three distinguished contributors to the symposium concludes that the Court should not overrule Runyon. In reaching this conclusion, Professor William N. Eskridge and Professor Daniel A. Farber rely heavily on the view that because Congress has recognized the existence of the Runyon doctrine and has refused to overrule the decision, the doctrine of stare decisis …
Scholars' Reply To Professor Fried, Yale Kamisar, Lee C. Bollinger, Judith C. Areen, Barbara A. Black
Scholars' Reply To Professor Fried, Yale Kamisar, Lee C. Bollinger, Judith C. Areen, Barbara A. Black
Articles
As Solicitor General of the United States, Charles Fried, like any good advocate, was often in the position of attempting to generate broad holdings from relatively narrow and particularistic Supreme Court decisions. This was especially true in affirmative action cases. There, the Department of Justice argued that cautious precedents actually stood for the broad proposition that measures designed to put members of disadvantaged groups on a plane of equality should, for constitutional purposes, be treated the same as measures intended to stigmatize or subordinate them. The Supreme Court, however, has consistently rejected this reading of its precedents and the broad …
Statutory Interpretation, Legislative Inaction, And Civil Rights, Daniel A. Farber
Statutory Interpretation, Legislative Inaction, And Civil Rights, Daniel A. Farber
Michigan Law Review
This month the Supreme Court will hear reargument in Patterson v. McLean Credit Union on the question of whether section 1981 prohibits discrimination by private parties. Professor Farber identifies three issues which lie at the heart of Patterson: Must statutes be construed to conform to the intent of the drafters? Does legislative inaction provide reliable guidance to interpreters of statutes? And should the nature of the claim at issue - here a claim of civil rights - influence the interpreters? On this last point, Professor Farber argues that public values must be relevant to statutory interpretation and that judges …
Updating Statutory Interpretation, T. Alexander Aleinikoff
Updating Statutory Interpretation, T. Alexander Aleinikoff
Michigan Law Review
This month the Supreme Court will hear reargument in Patterson v. McLean Credit Union on the question of whether section 1981 prohibits discrimination by private parties. Professor Aleinikoff examines in depth the first issue raised by Professor Farber. Using metaphors of the archeological and the nautical Professor Aleinikoff describes theories of originalism and their application to statutory interpretation. Concluding that there are nonoriginalist (or nonarcheological) elements implicit in these theories, he proceeds to consider how an explicitly nonoriginalist (or nautical) theory of interpretation might work He concludes by commenting on the application of such a theory to Patterson.
Interpreting Legislative Inaction, William N. Eskridge Jr.
Interpreting Legislative Inaction, William N. Eskridge Jr.
Michigan Law Review
This month the Supreme Court will hear reargument in Patterson v. McLean Credit Union on the question of whether section 1981 prohibits discrimination by private parties. In this article, Professor Eskridge addresses the issue of how legislative inaction should affect statutory interpretation. He begins by constructing a detailed analysis of the Court's legislative inaction cases, arguing that the case law is much more coherent than previous analysts have suggested. Professor Eskridge then considers Justice Scalia's critique of that case law and provides support for Justice Scalia's views by distinguishing actual and presumed legislative intent, arguing that, based on a conception …
The Naacp's Legal Strategy Against Segregated Education, Robert L. Carter
The Naacp's Legal Strategy Against Segregated Education, Robert L. Carter
Michigan Law Review
A Review of The NAACP's Legal Strategy Against Segregated Education, 1925-1950 by Mark Tushnet
The Politics Of Predicting Criminal Violence, Sheri Lynn Johnson
The Politics Of Predicting Criminal Violence, Sheri Lynn Johnson
Michigan Law Review
A Review of The Prediction of Criminal Violence by Fernand N. Dutile and Cleon H. Foust
Disorder In The Court: The Death Penalty And The Constitution, Robert A. Burt
Disorder In The Court: The Death Penalty And The Constitution, Robert A. Burt
Michigan Law Review
This article has two purposes. Its first aim is to trace the significance of these shifting characterizations of American society in the Justices' successive approaches to the death penalty by retelling the story of the Court's capital punishment jurisprudence. Its second purpose is to suggest that belief in implacable social hostility destroys the coherence of the judicial role in constitutional adjudication. America may indeed be an irreconcilably polarized society; I cannot dispositively prove or disprove the proposition. I mean only to claim that in constitutional adjudication a judge is obliged to act as if this proposition were false; and, moreover, …
Discrimination, Jobs, And Politics: The Struggle For Equal Employment Opportunity In The United States Since The New Deal, James L. Thompson
Discrimination, Jobs, And Politics: The Struggle For Equal Employment Opportunity In The United States Since The New Deal, James L. Thompson
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Discrimination, Jobs, and Politics: The Struggle for Equal Employment Opportunity in the United States since the New Deal by Paul Burstein
The Wrong Side Of The Tracks: A Revolutionary Rediscovery Of The Common Law Tradition Of Fairness In The Struggle Against Inequality, Gregory A. Kalscheur
The Wrong Side Of The Tracks: A Revolutionary Rediscovery Of The Common Law Tradition Of Fairness In The Struggle Against Inequality, Gregory A. Kalscheur
Michigan Law Review
A Review of The Wrong Side of the Tracks: A Revolutionary Rediscovery of the Common Law Tradition of Fairness in the Struggle Against Inequality by Charles M. Haar and Daniel W. Fessler
Attacking The Judicial Protection Of Minority Rights: The History Ploy, John E. Nowak
Attacking The Judicial Protection Of Minority Rights: The History Ploy, John E. Nowak
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Disabling America: The "Rights Industry" in Our Time by Richard E. Morgan
Beyond Busing: Inside The Challenge To Urban Segregation, Lawrence T. Gresser
Beyond Busing: Inside The Challenge To Urban Segregation, Lawrence T. Gresser
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Beyond Busing: Inside the Challenge to Urban Segregation by Paul R. Dimond
The New American Dilemma: Liberal Democracy And School Desegregation, Mary Jo Newborn
The New American Dilemma: Liberal Democracy And School Desegregation, Mary Jo Newborn
Michigan Law Review
A Review of The New American Dilemma: Liberal Democracy and School Desegregation by Jennifer L. Hochschild
The Class-Based Animus Requirement Of 42 U.S.C. § 1985(3): A Limiting Strategy Gone Awry?, Devin S. Schindler
The Class-Based Animus Requirement Of 42 U.S.C. § 1985(3): A Limiting Strategy Gone Awry?, Devin S. Schindler
Michigan Law Review
This Note focuses on Scott's impact on attempts to determine what groups fall within the statute. Part I examines the various class-based animus formulas generated by the circuits since Griffin and the potential impact of Scott on these formulas. Part II argues that the key to understanding the scope of the class-based animus requirement lies in traditional fourteenth amendment equal protection analysis.
Of Cultural Determinism And The Limits Of Law, Paul R. Dimond, Gene Sperling
Of Cultural Determinism And The Limits Of Law, Paul R. Dimond, Gene Sperling
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Civil Rights: Rhetoric or Reality? by Thomas Sowell
The Burden Of Brown: Thirty Years Of School Desegregation, Michigan Law Review
The Burden Of Brown: Thirty Years Of School Desegregation, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Review of The Burden of Brown: Thirty Years of School Desegregation by Raymond Wolters
Black Innocence And The White Jury, Sheri Lynn Johnson
Black Innocence And The White Jury, Sheri Lynn Johnson
Michigan Law Review
Racial prejudice has come under increasingly close scrutiny during the past thirty years, yet its influence on the decisionmaking of criminal juries remains largely hidden from judicial and critical examination. In this Article, Professor Johnson takes a close look at this neglected area. She first sets forth a large body of social science research that reveals a widespread tendency among whites to convict black defendants in instances in which white defendants would be acquitted. Next, she argues that none of the existing techniques for eliminating the influence of racial bias on criminal trials adequately protects minority-race defendants. She contends that …
Just Schools: The Idea Of Racial Equality In American Education, Michigan Law Review
Just Schools: The Idea Of Racial Equality In American Education, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Just Schools: The Idea of Racial Equality in American Education by David L. Kirp
The Limits Of Litigation: Putting The Education Back Into Brown V. Board Of Education, T. Alexander Aleinikoff
The Limits Of Litigation: Putting The Education Back Into Brown V. Board Of Education, T. Alexander Aleinikoff
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Shades of Brown: New Perspectives on School Desegregation edited by Derrick Bell
Trial And Error: The Detroit School Segregation Case, Michigan Law Review
Trial And Error: The Detroit School Segregation Case, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Trial and Error: The Detroit School Segregation Case by Eleanor P. Wolf
Strict Construction And Judicial Review Of Racial Discrimination Under The Equal Protection Clause: Meeting Raoul Berger On Interpretivist Grounds, Paul R. Dimond
Michigan Law Review
In the face of this common understanding of the vagueness of much of the constitutional text, Berger bears the burden of proving that the equal protection clause was intended to enumerate specific, narrow protections against racial discrimination. This Article examines several contemporary sources to determine whether he has accomplished that task. It proceeds in six parts. Part I analyzes the text of the fourteenth amendment and contemporaneous congressional views on judicial review. Contrary to Berger's construction, the equal protection clause is not limited by its terms to the privileges or immunities clause or to the specific rights enumerated in the …
Britain, Blacks, And Busing, Derrick Bell
Britain, Blacks, And Busing, Derrick Bell
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Doing Good By Doing Little: Race and Schooling in Britain by David L. Kirp
The Supreme Court: A Citadel For White Supremacy, Sidney Willhelm
The Supreme Court: A Citadel For White Supremacy, Sidney Willhelm
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Race, Racism and American Law by Derrick A. Bell, Jr.