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Equal protection

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Articles 241 - 270 of 291

Full-Text Articles in Civil Rights and Discrimination

Response To "The Rhetoric Of Powell's Bakke", James B. White Jan 1981

Response To "The Rhetoric Of Powell's Bakke", James B. White

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.


Fullilove V. Klutznick (Formerly Kreps), Lewis F. Powell Jr. Oct 1979

Fullilove V. Klutznick (Formerly Kreps), Lewis F. Powell Jr.

Supreme Court Case Files

No abstract provided.


Rewriting Roe V. Wade, Donald H. Regan Aug 1979

Rewriting Roe V. Wade, Donald H. Regan

Articles

Roe v. Wade is one of the most controversial cases the Supreme Court has decided. The result in the case - the establishment of a constitutional right to abortion - was controversial enough. Beyond that, even people who approve of the result have been dissatisfied with the Court's opinion. Others before me have attempted to explain how a better opinion could have been written. It seems to me, however, that the most promising argument in support of the result of Roe has not yet been made. This essay contains my suggestions for "rewriting" Roe v. Wade


Equality Between The Sexes In The 1980'S, Nancy S. Erickson Jan 1979

Equality Between The Sexes In The 1980'S, Nancy S. Erickson

Cleveland State Law Review

Any discussion of equality under the law must necessarily revolve around the equal protection clause. Therefore, this discussion will indicate first where equal protection analysis has succeeded ineffectively dealing with sex discrimination and the significance of the judicial policy behind these successes. Secondly, the failures of the equal protection clause will be examined with specific attention to the five methods in which the equal protection clause has failed to eliminate laws discriminating on the basis of sex. Finally, the failures of the equal protection clause will be illustrated as starting points for work in the area of sexual equality in …


Equality Between The Sexes In The 1980'S, Nancy S. Erickson Jan 1979

Equality Between The Sexes In The 1980'S, Nancy S. Erickson

Cleveland State Law Review

Any discussion of equality under the law must necessarily revolve around the equal protection clause. Therefore, this discussion will indicate first where equal protection analysis has succeeded ineffectively dealing with sex discrimination and the significance of the judicial policy behind these successes. Secondly, the failures of the equal protection clause will be examined with specific attention to the five methods in which the equal protection clause has failed to eliminate laws discriminating on the basis of sex. Finally, the failures of the equal protection clause will be illustrated as starting points for work in the area of sexual equality in …


Proving Discriminatory Intent From A Facially Neutral Decision With A Disproportionate Impact Jan 1979

Proving Discriminatory Intent From A Facially Neutral Decision With A Disproportionate Impact

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.


Racial Vote Dilution In Multimember Districts: The Constitutional Standard After Washington V. Davis, Michigan Law Review Mar 1978

Racial Vote Dilution In Multimember Districts: The Constitutional Standard After Washington V. Davis, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

This Note argues that the effect-oriented standard for multimember-district vote-dilution claims is unaffected by the Washington intent requirement. Part I outlines the manner in which multimember districts can dilute minority voting strength. After summarizing Washington's intent requirement, Part II surveys the post-Washington vote dilution cases and demonstrates that the applicability of the intent standard to vote dilution claims is uncertain. Part III first suggests two ways in which White and Washington may be reconciled. That section then argues that White is unaffected by the intent requirement because the standard for vote dilution fits within a fundamental interest analysis …


Aliens And Equal Protection: Why Not The Right To Vote?, Gerald M. Rosberg May 1977

Aliens And Equal Protection: Why Not The Right To Vote?, Gerald M. Rosberg

Michigan Law Review

A constitutional right of at least some aliens to vote does not seem to me at all unthinkable. Throughout much of the nineteenth century and part of the twentieth, aliens enjoyed the right to vote in a great many states. The states that extended the franchise to aliens plainly did not believe that they were acting under constitutional compulsion. But given our present understanding of the mission of the equal protection clause, much can now be said in defense of such a constitutional right. My purpose here is to outline the case that might be made for the right of …


Judicial Protection Of Minorities, Terrance Sandalow May 1977

Judicial Protection Of Minorities, Terrance Sandalow

Articles

In United States v. Carolene Products Co., Justice Stone suggested by indirection that there "may be narrower scope for operation of the presumption of constitutionality" when courts are called upon to determine the validity "of statutes directed at particular religious . . . or national . . . or racial minorities."' In such cases, he explained, "prejudice against discrete and insular minorities may be a special condition, which tends seriously to curtail the operation of those political processes ordinarily to be relied upon to protect minorities, and which may call for a correspondingly more searching judicial inquiry."' Forty years later, …


Illegitimates And Equal Protection, David Hallissey Apr 1977

Illegitimates And Equal Protection, David Hallissey

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

Illegitimates often have been discriminated against by legislatures in the enactment of statutes, as well as by courts which have sanctioned such legislation. This article will examine the judicial response to legislative treatment of the illegitimate in social insurance, loss compensation, and intestacy statutes. Emphasizing the Supreme Court's analysis of the legal status of illegitimates in terms of the equal protection clause, it will also discuss how the principle of equal protection may be applied in order to reduce the number of illegitimates denied the benefit and protection of the law.


Justice Sherman Minton And The Protection Of Minority Rights, David N. Atkinson Jan 1977

Justice Sherman Minton And The Protection Of Minority Rights, David N. Atkinson

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.


The Supreme Court And The Constitutional Rights Of Prisoners: A Reappraisal, Emily Calhoun Jan 1977

The Supreme Court And The Constitutional Rights Of Prisoners: A Reappraisal, Emily Calhoun

Publications

No abstract provided.


The Thirteenth And Fourteenth Amendments: Constitutional Authority For Federal Legislation Against Private Sex Discrimination, Emily Calhoun Jan 1977

The Thirteenth And Fourteenth Amendments: Constitutional Authority For Federal Legislation Against Private Sex Discrimination, Emily Calhoun

Publications

No abstract provided.


A New Dimension In Equal Protection?, Theodore J. St. Antoine Jan 1977

A New Dimension In Equal Protection?, Theodore J. St. Antoine

Articles

Two of America's most cherished values will collide head-on this year, when the U.S. Supreme Court comes to grips with the most significant civil rights suit since the school desegregation cases of 1954. Arrayed on one side is the principle of governmental "color-blindness," the appealing notion that the color of a person's skin should have nothing to do with the distribution of benefits or burdens by the state. Set against it is the goal of a truly integrated society and the tragic realization that this objective cannot be achieved within the foreseeable future unless race and color are taken into …


Administrative Law: Due Process Requirements Of Notice And Hearing Apply To Native Claims Under Administrative Procedure Act; Civil Rights: Challenging Tribal Membership Ordinance; Criminal Law: Nor Prejudice To Indian Defendant Sentenced Under State Due To Additional Or Alternative Fina Authorized By Federal Statute; Due Process: Tribal Elections And The Indian Civil Rights Act; Environment: Standing Of Non-Indians To Challenge Validity Of Coal Leases On Indian Land; Evidence: Indian Concept Of "Toka" As Concerning Issues Of Provocation And Justification; Indian Civil Rights Act: Residency Requirements For Tribal Political Office Upheld; Indian Lands: Quiet Title Action By Indian Allottees Against Railroad Holding Easement In The Nature Of A Limited Fee; Jurisdiction: Adoption Where All Parties Are Residents Of An Indian Reservation; Jurisdiction: New Mexico State Constitution As Affecting Adjudication Of Indian Water Rights; Taxation: State Right Of Taxation On Reservations When Commerce Effectuated Between Indians And Non-Indians Jan 1976

Administrative Law: Due Process Requirements Of Notice And Hearing Apply To Native Claims Under Administrative Procedure Act; Civil Rights: Challenging Tribal Membership Ordinance; Criminal Law: Nor Prejudice To Indian Defendant Sentenced Under State Due To Additional Or Alternative Fina Authorized By Federal Statute; Due Process: Tribal Elections And The Indian Civil Rights Act; Environment: Standing Of Non-Indians To Challenge Validity Of Coal Leases On Indian Land; Evidence: Indian Concept Of "Toka" As Concerning Issues Of Provocation And Justification; Indian Civil Rights Act: Residency Requirements For Tribal Political Office Upheld; Indian Lands: Quiet Title Action By Indian Allottees Against Railroad Holding Easement In The Nature Of A Limited Fee; Jurisdiction: Adoption Where All Parties Are Residents Of An Indian Reservation; Jurisdiction: New Mexico State Constitution As Affecting Adjudication Of Indian Water Rights; Taxation: State Right Of Taxation On Reservations When Commerce Effectuated Between Indians And Non-Indians

American Indian Law Review

No abstract provided.


Weinberger V. Wiesenfeld, 95 S. Ct. 1225 (1975), Barbara Cozad Biddle Jul 1975

Weinberger V. Wiesenfeld, 95 S. Ct. 1225 (1975), Barbara Cozad Biddle

Florida State University Law Review

Constitutional Law- EQUAL PROTECTION- DENYING SOCIAL SECURITY "MOTHER'S INSURANCE BENEFITS" TO FATHERS VIOLATES EQUAL PROTECTION COMPONENT OF FIFTH AMENDMENT DUE PROCESS CLAUSE.


The Impact Of Geduldig V. Aiello On The Eeoc Guidelines On Sex Discrimination, Rhoda Bunnell Apr 1975

The Impact Of Geduldig V. Aiello On The Eeoc Guidelines On Sex Discrimination, Rhoda Bunnell

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Kahn V. Shevin And The "Heightened Rationality Test": Is The Supreme Court Promoting A Double Standard In Sex Discrimination Cases? Jan 1975

Kahn V. Shevin And The "Heightened Rationality Test": Is The Supreme Court Promoting A Double Standard In Sex Discrimination Cases?

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.


Presumption Of Dependence In Workers' Compensation Death Benefits As A Denial Of Equal Protection, A. Russell Localio Jan 1975

Presumption Of Dependence In Workers' Compensation Death Benefits As A Denial Of Equal Protection, A. Russell Localio

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

This note will examine the sex bias prevalent in many workers' compensation statutes and the constitutionality of these statutes in light of recent Supreme Court decisions on sex discrimination. After this examination, alternative methods for effecting reform of the sex-biased death benefit provisions will be analyzed.


Judicial Scrutiny Of "Benign" Racial Preference In Law School Admissions, Kent Greenawalt Jan 1975

Judicial Scrutiny Of "Benign" Racial Preference In Law School Admissions, Kent Greenawalt

Faculty Scholarship

Racial preferences for blacks generate ambivalence in those who care about racial equality and also believe that individuals should be judged "on their own merits." This ambivalence is reflected in divergent "equal protection" values, the value of eliminating barriers to equality imposed on minority groups and that of distributing the burdens and benefits of social life without reference to arbitrary distinctions. It is hardly surprising, therefore, that after Marco DeFunis, Jr. challenged the constitutionality of racial preferences for admission to a state law school, the Supreme Court's resolution of the issue was awaited with intense interest and some trepidation. For …


Boraas V. Village Of Belle Terre: The New, New Equal Protection, Michigan Law Review Jan 1974

Boraas V. Village Of Belle Terre: The New, New Equal Protection, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

In Boraas v. Village of Belle Terre a group of unrelated college students who rented a home in Belle Terre challenged a zoning ordinance that limited home occupancy to persons related by blood, marriage, or adoption. The Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, finding for the students, decided the case using a novel equal protection theory, and the Supreme Court reversed. This Note deals with the theory adopted by the Second Circuit, its sources, and its future in light of the subsequent Supreme Court opinion in San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez and the Supreme Court's analysis of …


Jurisdiction: Federal Court, Federal Question; Taxation: State; Tribal Courts: Judicial Immunity; Indian Civil Rights Act: Federal Jurisdiction; Rights Of Way: Railroads; Jurisdiction, Federal Courts: Exhaustion Of Tribal Remedies; Equal Protection: Illegitimates; Civil Procedure: Full Faith And Credit Jan 1974

Jurisdiction: Federal Court, Federal Question; Taxation: State; Tribal Courts: Judicial Immunity; Indian Civil Rights Act: Federal Jurisdiction; Rights Of Way: Railroads; Jurisdiction, Federal Courts: Exhaustion Of Tribal Remedies; Equal Protection: Illegitimates; Civil Procedure: Full Faith And Credit

American Indian Law Review

No abstract provided.


Post--Brown Private White Schools--An Imperfect Dualism, James E. Smith Apr 1973

Post--Brown Private White Schools--An Imperfect Dualism, James E. Smith

Vanderbilt Law Review

Federal courts have endeavored to assure that private discrimination practiced by schools is truly private. In this endeavor, courts have enjoined any significant state involvement as violative of the equal protection clause. The courts have shown no inclination to prohibit the private discrimination itself, however, and it appears unlikely that courts in the near future will take the innovative step of barring discrimination practiced by private white academies.


De Facto School Segregation And The "State Action" Requirement: A Suggested New Approach, Dennis Powers Jan 1973

De Facto School Segregation And The "State Action" Requirement: A Suggested New Approach, Dennis Powers

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Equal Protection, Economic Legislation,And Racial Discrimination, William Silverman Nov 1972

Equal Protection, Economic Legislation,And Racial Discrimination, William Silverman

Vanderbilt Law Review

The drive to end racial discrimination now extends beyond blatant racial distinctions to less obvious and less intentional forms of unequal treatment; nonetheless, there still exist laws and governmental programs that are racially neutral on their face but that may have a racially discriminatory impact in practice. Such discrimination can take place when economic and social welfare legislation, lacking a sound economic grounding, attacks symptoms rather than causes and thereby unintentionally compounds the problems facing black people. At the same time, laws that are at the root of unequal treatment seem to go unchallenged. From the point of view of …


Indigents, Hospital Admissions And Equal Protection, Charles S. Derousie Jan 1972

Indigents, Hospital Admissions And Equal Protection, Charles S. Derousie

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

The author surveyed ten hospitals in each of ten states, including hospitals of varying sizes and classifications. Five of the forty-five replies indicated the hospital did not admit all indigents in need of medical care. The primary reason given was that prospective patients not covered by hospital insurance or government programs such as Medicaid or Medicare were usually unable to produce a required preadmission deposit. This practice of requiring a preadmission deposit seems to be common.


Women And The Equal Protection Clause, Eric R. Gilbertson Jan 1971

Women And The Equal Protection Clause, Eric R. Gilbertson

Cleveland State Law Review

The stance of the law in this respect, as with other social trends, has generally reflected the current attitudes that dominate the society it governs. Yet, as late as 1969, we still had judges on the appellate level taking judicial notice of the female's lesser capacity for sexual arousal, the sexual behavior of "the vast majority of women in a civilized society," and the "normal" behavior of a married woman in the presence of her husband in their bedroom;' all in a puritanically paternalistic fashion. This, and other absurd judicial pronouncements may have been what prompted one controversial attorney to …


Constitutional Law--Equal Protection--Zoning--Snob Zoning: Must A Man's Home Be A Castle?, Michigan Law Review Dec 1970

Constitutional Law--Equal Protection--Zoning--Snob Zoning: Must A Man's Home Be A Castle?, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

This Note will analyze and evaluate the legal theories that may be employed to attack snob zoning in the courts. First, the feasibility of attacking snob zoning via the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment will be examined. The second part of this Note will delineate alternative judicial responses to snob zoning that are couched in more conventional zoning-law terms.


Effective Representation And Multimember Districts, Michigan Law Review Aug 1970

Effective Representation And Multimember Districts, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

The Supreme Court has not decided a case involving an assertion of the claim that a multimember district denies the right of effective representation since Fortson and Burns. However, there have been several subsequent challenges in lower courts to the validity of such districts, and these challenges have generally failed because the factual evidence did not demonstrate conclusively that the voting strength of a legally cognizable racial or political element had been minimized or cancelled. In Chavis v. Whitcomb, however, a three-judge federal district court in Indiana found that the plaintiff had presented sufficient factual evidence to sustain …


Restrictions On Student Voting: An Unconstitutional Anachronism?, W. Perry Bullard, James A. Rice Jan 1970

Restrictions On Student Voting: An Unconstitutional Anachronism?, W. Perry Bullard, James A. Rice

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

Using Michigan as a vehicle for analysis because it has a student voting process representative of many states, this note seeks to accomplish four purposes: (1) an examination of the case law often underlying the presumption against student registrability; (2) an analysis of recent constitutional developments in the due process and equal protection areas as they relate to the particular problems posed by the student voter; (3) a survey of the competing local and student interests in the student vote issue; and (4) a conclusion regarding the likelihood that thwarted student voters can follow the paths of other disfranchised groups …