Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons^™

The First Slave (And Why He Matters), Jonathan A. Bush

Cardozo Law Review

This Article has two purposes. The narrower, straight historical purpose is to explore in further detail the status of blacks in the earliest years of Britain's colonies in the New World. The second, more legal aim is to explore what is, for many of us, still the hardest question in American legal history: namely, to understand the route by which slavery came to be legal in the early seventeenth century, in a culture that had long rejected unfree status and that seemed to retain that view.

Estranged Fruit: The Reconstruction Amendments, Moral Slavery, And The Rearticulation Of Lesbian And Gay Identity, E. Nathaniel Gates

Cardozo Law Review

David A.J. Richards has composed a thoughtful and suggestive narrative that centers on the excavation of the antislavery constitutionalism forged by a small, but arguably influential, group of antebellum abolitionist feminists. Central to his narrative, and to the constitutional theses of the abolitionist feminists, is the concept of "moral slavery" which, on Richards' account, constitutes a crucial element of the hermeneutic background essential to a proper interpretation of the Reconstruction Amendments. According to Professor Richards, an understanding of the figure of the abolitionist feminist as a "multiple exile and outcast" who in opposing "moral slavery" played a vital role in …

Abolitionist Feminism, Moral Slavery, And The Constitution: “On The Same Platform Of Human Rights”, David A.J. Richards

Cardozo Law Review

The analogy between race and gender plays an increasingly important role in the interpretation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. However, interpretive arguments about the analogy make little or no reference to the abolitionist historical background of the Reconstruction Amendments in general and the Fourteenth Amendment in particular. This might make some sense if the only legitimate interpretive appeal to history were Raoul Berger's version of originalism, namely, the specific denoted things (including persons and practices) to which the relevant drafters and ratifiers of the pertinent constitutional text would or would not have applied the language in …

Section 5: Civil Rights, Institute Of Bill Of Rights Law, William & Mary Law School

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No abstract provided.

Fax: Inside Source September 25, 1996, Inside Source Inc

Saffy Collection - All Textual Materials

A fax sent to keep people informed about political decisions about Jacksonville and North Florida, "A newsletter for Decision Makers".

Fax: Celebrating The Success Of The Family And Medical Leave Act, September 24, 1996., Clinton Gore 96

Saffy Collection - All Textual Materials

A fax sent to disseminate information about the President Clinton success with the Family and Medical Care Act.

Fax: Fighting For Quality Health Care, September 23, 1996, Clinton Gore 96

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A fax sent to disseminate information about the President Clinton fighting for healthy families through Health Insurance Reform Act (Kassembaum-Kennedy Bill), Family and Medical Leave Act, Childhood Immunization Initiative, Women Infants and Children Program (WIC), and other health care initiatives.

Fax: Reinventing Government Initiative, September 20, 1996, Clinton Gore '96

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A fax sent to disseminate information about the third annual progress report on the Reinventing Government initiative presented by President Clinton and Vice President Gore to create a government that works better and costs less.

Fax: President Clinton Protecting Our Environment, September 19, 1996, Clinton Gore 96

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On September 18, 1996 President Clinton proclaimed 1.7 million acres of southern Utah’s region a national monument, the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument.

Fax: From Clinton Gore 96, September 18, 1996, Clinton Gore 96

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A fax regarding the Brady Bill, Assault Weapons Ban and the President’s anti-crime initiatives.

Fax: Arab American Democrats Memo Sent Via Fax To State Chairs And Co-Chairs, September 16, 1996, Arab American Democrats

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Arab Americans for Clinton/Gore invitation to a press conference and reception.

The Flimsy Yardstick: How Many Employees Does It Take To Defeat A Title Vii Discrimination Claim?, Jacqueline Louise Williams

Cardozo Law Review

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was signed into law on July 2, 1964. The legislative history of the Act provides an extraordinary glimpse at one of the most heavily debated pieces of legislation in our country's history. It also chronicles one of the longest debates that Congress has ever endured. Seeking to define the scope of the legislation, a reticent administration and a divided Democratic party struggled with the bill in hopes of coming to an agreement on what some would come to call "silver writes." The Act's supporters were persuaded that it answered "a moral question in the …

Fax: The White House – President Clinton Speaks To Graduates May 10, 1996, Office Of The Press Secretary

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Commencement address at Pennsylvania State University by Bill Clinton.

Certificate: Basic Skills For Resolving Community Conflict, May 3-4, 1996, Jacksonville Community Council, Inc

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Jacksonville Community Council Inc. and Plowshares Institute - This Certifies That Edna Saffy Has Completed Instruction in Basic Skills for Resolving Community Conflict and has been awarded this Certificate of Participation.

Bondage, Freedom & (And) The Constitution: The New Slavery Scholarship And Its Impact On Law And Legal Historiography, E. Nathaniel Gates

Cardozo Law Review

Twenty or so Africans, the first to arrive in British North America, were put ashore at Jamestown in 1619. Within seventy years, their labor, and that of the thousands who followed in their shackled train, had become the mainstay of the colonial economy. Once established by law, the perpetual bondage of Africans and African-American Creoles, in tandem with the notion of freedom it served to highlight and underscore, exerted a profound and lasting influence upon the economic, moral, and political life of the early European settler population and its creolized descendants.

The Ten Precepts Of American Slavery Jurisprudence: Chief Justice Roger Taney's Defense And Justice Thurgood Marshall's Condemnation Of The Precept Of Black Inferiority, A. Leon Higginbotham Jr.

Cardozo Law Review

Approximately twenty-five years ago, a group of thoughtful scholars, under the tutelage of Stanley Katz and Owen Fiss, met at the University of Chicago to discuss slavery law. Stanley Katz has previously noted that the conference generated extraordinary academic inquiries, as well as many books and articles. In this Article, I will describe briefly the intellectual journey I have traveled which was, in no small part, shaped by the conference and the interrelationships I have had since then, with so many scholars, as we have tried to get better insights into the interrelated issues of bondage, freedom, and the Constitution.

The Origins Of The Law Of Slavery In British North America, William M. Wiecek

Cardozo Law Review

In American experience, slavery originally appeared as a response to economic need. Subsequently, racism emerged as a justification for slavery, required as a response to the inherent contradictions of slavery. First there was slavery, then racism, then a fatal fusion of the two.

The Slavery Of Emancipation, Guyora Binder

Cardozo Law Review

The Thirteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution commands that "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist." What has been the effect of this command?

It will serve my present purpose to offer the following toosimple answer to this complex question: the Thirteenth Amendment secured little more than the manumission of slaves already practically freed by the friction of war. It guaranteed, in Confederate General Robert Richardson's now well-known phrase, "nothing but freedom."

Supposing this answer to be true, a further question presents itself: Did the Thirteenth Amendment's effect fulfill its command? Did universal manumission abolish slavery?

A full answer to …

The Fifteenth Amendment And "Political Rights", Akhil Reed Amar

Cardozo Law Review

Professor Xi Wang has offered us an altogether exemplary paper on black suffrage. Rather than trying to criticize it, I shall attempt to extend it by picking up where he left off. My main text is the Fifteenth Amendment. I would like to suggest that the best interpretation of the Fifteenth Amendment would read it as encompassing a cluster of political rights; the Amendment protects not only the right to vote, but also the right to hold office, the right to be voted for, the right to vote in a legislature, the right to serve on a jury, and even …

Black Suffrage And The Redefinition Of American Freedom, 1860-1870, Xi Wang

Cardozo Law Review

One of the most important outcomes of the Civil War was the establishment of a new constitutional order. Under this new order, African Americans, a people whose essential human rights had been denied under the old constitutional order, were constitutionally emancipated from slavery and recognized as American citizens. They received the privileges and immunities that white Americans had automatically assumed. Male black Americans also received the right to vote. This new order, as embraced by the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution, was a truly remarkable achievement of Reconstruction. What is additionally significant is that these Amendments became …

Comment On Donald Nieman's Paper, Randall Kennedy

Cardozo Law Review

I have two responses to Professor Neiman's paper. One emphasizes a point he makes. The other disagrees a bit with his reading of the promise of Reconstruction.

Fax: From The White House To Edna Saffy, 2-23-96, The White House

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A fax sent to Dr. Edna Saffy announcing President Clinton’s creation of a national domestic violence hotline and call for a second round of Empowerment Zone funding to revitalize the cities and rural areas.

Fax: The Dnc Briefing, January 17, 1996, Democratic National Committee

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A fax sent from the Democratic National Committee to Dr. Edna L. Saffy.

Fax: From The White House To Edna Saffy, 1-16-96, The White House

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No abstract provided.

When The Constable Blunders: A Comparison Of The Law Of Police Interrogation In Canada And The United States, Robert Harvie, Hamar Foster

Seattle University Law Review

This Article explores the Supreme Court of Canada's use of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms in limiting police interrogations and compares its case decisions with cases from the Supreme Court of the United States. Part II of this Article examines the purposes and policies underlying sections 10(b), 7, and 24(2) of the Charter. Part III then examines the application of sections 10(b) and 7 in situations where (1) suspects are interrogated by uniformed police officers or other persons known to be in authority, and (2) suspects are interrogated surreptitiously by persons not known to be in authority. In both …

Admissibility Of Investigatory Reports In § 1983 Civil Rights Actions - A User's Manual, Martin A. Schwartz

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

Sweep Searches--The Rights Of The Community, And The Guarantees Of The Fourth And First Amendments: Moms Of The Chicago Public Housing Complex, Revisit Your Civil And Constitutional Rights And Save Your Babies, Lundy Langston

Journal Publications

African-American babies are an endangered species. They have the potential to live to the ripe old age of fourteen. We are singing new songs of overcoming-overcoming the loss of our babies. However, it's the same song: the lyrics are Black, and the music is, as always, White. Across the nation let us hold hands, let us gather together, let us save our babies. Will the music, the lyrics of our collective songs, save our babies? Is there a collective voice? There must be a collective voice if we are to save our babies and WE must save them if we …

Fax: Decision ’96: The Arab American Vote, Govt Forum, September 18, 1996, Arab American Institute

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A fax sent to AAI leaders to inform and rally the Arab American community. A leadership program to focus on the political races and issues that the Arab American community cares about and the voter impact that can be made by the community. Meet with the campaigns, the parties and pundits in Dearborn, Michigan October 12, 1996.

The United Kingdom, The European Court Of Human Rights, And Constitutional Review, A. W. Bradley

Cardozo Law Review

The aim of this Article is to consider whether there is now in the United Kingdom the embryo of a procedure for constitutional review that results from the United Kingdom's adherence to the European Convention on Human Rights as well as the burgeoning case law being developed by the European Court of Human Rights. To the extent that such an embryo exists, I hope to show that this is a development which has not been directly willed by the United Kingdom Parliament, nor by successive United Kingdom governments. Assuming that this process deserves to be described as piecemeal constitution making, …

Section 4: Civil Rights, Institute Of Bill Of Rights Law, William & Mary Law School

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No abstract provided.