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University of Georgia School of Law

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Articles 151 - 170 of 170

Full-Text Articles in Civil Rights and Discrimination

Because I Am Black, Because I Am Woman: Remedying The Sexual Harassment Experience Of Black Women, Andrea L. Dennis Jan 1996

Because I Am Black, Because I Am Woman: Remedying The Sexual Harassment Experience Of Black Women, Andrea L. Dennis

Scholarly Works

This Note examines the intersection of race and gender in the context of sexual harassment jurisprudence. Since the arrival in this country of the first female African slaves, Black women have experienced sexual harassment on the job. This Note discusses the failure of sexual harassment theory to acknowledge the unique sexual harassment experience of Black women. From the very earliest discussions of sexual harassment, the impact of the race of the victim on the experience and resulting legal claim was ignored. Feminist legal theorists, leaders in issues affecting women, have been slow to acknowledge and integrate the role of race …

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Vicarious And Personal Liability For Employment Discrimination, Rebecca H. White Jan 1996

Vicarious And Personal Liability For Employment Discrimination, Rebecca H. White

Scholarly Works

This Article addresses the issues of vicarious and personal liability for employment discrimination as a coherent whole. Part II examines the prevailing view on an employer's vicarious liability for employment discrimination under Title VII, the ADEA, and the ADA. Part II further discusses the exception to vicarious liability that has developed in hostile work environment cases and examines the justifications advanced for that exception. My point here is not so much to debate whether such an exception should exist but to determine whether the arguments against vicarious liability in hostile work environment cases justifiably can be limited to that context. …

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The Pension Game: Age- And Gender-Based Inequities In The Retirement System, Camilla E. Watson Sep 1990

The Pension Game: Age- And Gender-Based Inequities In The Retirement System, Camilla E. Watson

Scholarly Works

This Article begins by stressing the importance of retirement benefits in general and employer-provided benefits in particular. It then addresses specific current issues of age and gender discrimination under both the private retirement and Social Security systems. Gender-based discrimination is emphasized because of the overlap between gender-based discrimination and age discrimination. Finally, this Article suggests specific reforms for a fairer and more adequate systems in the twenty-first century.

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Compensatory Discrimination Under The Perspective Of The Equality Clauses Of The Constitutions Of The United States And India, Sujatha Ganesan Jan 1990

Compensatory Discrimination Under The Perspective Of The Equality Clauses Of The Constitutions Of The United States And India, Sujatha Ganesan

LLM Theses and Essays

This thesis undertakes a comparative study of the Constitutional limits on affirmative action programs (or the compensatory discrimination policies) in the United States and India. The discussion is restricted to comparison of compensatory discrimination on the basis of race in the United States with that of caste in India. With respect to matters of compensatory discrimination, the purpose of the thesis is to show that while the United States and India have adopted similar policies to rectify the inequalities that exist in the respective societies, the constitutional treatment of these policies by both countries is very different resulting from the …

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Substantive Due Process And The Scope Of Constitutional Torts, Michael L. Wells, Thomas A. Eaton Jan 1984

Substantive Due Process And The Scope Of Constitutional Torts, Michael L. Wells, Thomas A. Eaton

Scholarly Works

The thesis of this Article is that both the Supreme Court and its critics have failed to identify and confront the central issue presented by these due process constitutional tort cases. That issue is neither procedural fairness nor the choice between state and federal courts. It is deciding whether a government-inflicted injury to life, liberty, or property violates the substantive protections of the due process clauses and thereby warrants a constitutionally derived tort remedy. In Part II of this Article we examine the Supreme Court's decisions in this area, focusing primarily on Parratt v. Taylor. We demonstrate that neither Parratt …

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Proof Of Disparate Treatment Under The Age Discrimination In Employment Act: Variations On A Title Vii Theme, Mack A. Player Apr 1983

Proof Of Disparate Treatment Under The Age Discrimination In Employment Act: Variations On A Title Vii Theme, Mack A. Player

Scholarly Works

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) was enacted in 1967 and substantially amended in 1974 and 1978. Generally stated, the ADEA prohibits employer discrimination by public and private "employers" (persons having twenty or more employees), labor unions, and employment agencies. Protection against age discrimination is granted, however, only to employees and applicants between the ages of forty and seventy. It is illegal to discriminate on the basis of age against persons within the forty-to-seventy age group regardless of whether the person favored by the discrimination is within or without the protected age group or is younger or older than …

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Civil Rights--Federal Jurisdiction--Exhaustion Of Adequate And Appropriate State Administrative Remedies Is A Prerequisite For Judicial Review Under Section 1983, Camilla E. Watson Jun 1980

Civil Rights--Federal Jurisdiction--Exhaustion Of Adequate And Appropriate State Administrative Remedies Is A Prerequisite For Judicial Review Under Section 1983, Camilla E. Watson

Scholarly Works

Georgia Patsy, a white female secretary, brought a civil rights action under section 1983 of title 42 of the United States Code against Florida International University in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida, alleging employment discrimination in violation of the Constitution and laws of the United States. The district court dismissed the action for failure to exhaust state administrative remedies. The Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit reversed on the ground that failure to allege exhaustion of state remedies did not preclude a section 1983 cause of action. On rehearing en banc, the court …

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Defense Under The Age Of Discrimination In Employment Act: Misinterpretation, Misdirection, And The 1978 Amendments, Mack A. Player Jul 1978

Defense Under The Age Of Discrimination In Employment Act: Misinterpretation, Misdirection, And The 1978 Amendments, Mack A. Player

Scholarly Works

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 prohibits employers, labor organizations, and employment agencies from discriminating because of age, but it does not protect all age groups against employment discrimination. As enacted, the 1967 Act protected persons between the ages of forty and sixty-five; the amendments in April 1978 extended that protection five years to age seventy. Thus it is not illegal to discriminate against people before their fortieth or after their seventieth birthday. The Act, in its original and amended versions, contains five exceptions or "defenses" to age discrimination in employment. Only the "bona fide occupational qualification" (BFOQ), …

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School Desegregation -- Failure To Revamp Segregated School District Attenuates The Milliken V. Bradley Barrier To Federal Interdistrict Remedies United States V. Missouri, 515 F.2d 1365 (8th Cir.), Cert. Denied, 96 S. Ct. 374 (1975), James C. Smith May 1976

School Desegregation -- Failure To Revamp Segregated School District Attenuates The Milliken V. Bradley Barrier To Federal Interdistrict Remedies United States V. Missouri, 515 F.2d 1365 (8th Cir.), Cert. Denied, 96 S. Ct. 374 (1975), James C. Smith

Scholarly Works

Kinloch School District, small and all-black, adjoins the predominantly white Berkeley and Ferguson-Florissant School Districts in St. Louis County, Missouri. Kinloch and Berkeley had comprised one district until 1937, when they split along racial lines. In 1971 the United States, pursuant to Title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the fourteenth amendment, commenced a school desegregation action against the State of Missouri, the State and county boards of education, the three school districts, and several public officials. The district court concluded that all the defendants had unlawfully maintained Kinloch as a racially segregated school district. After reviewing …

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Book Review: The Case For Reparations (1973), Ira B. Shepard Apr 1973

Book Review: The Case For Reparations (1973), Ira B. Shepard

Scholarly Works

Book Review of THE CASE FOR REPARATIONS, by Boris I. Bittker (NY: Random House, 1973).

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Racial Discrimination In Employment: Rights And Remedies, J. Ralph Beaird May 1972

Racial Discrimination In Employment: Rights And Remedies, J. Ralph Beaird

Scholarly Works

Professor Beaird believes that the current multiplicity of forums available to an employee who alleges discrimination against him should be merged into one. Ideally he would like to see an administrative agency given primary jurisdiction with authority similar to that possessed by the NLRB. Until an agency is given such power, Professor Beaird suggests that the forums themselves apply collateral estoppel principles to alleviate the inequities inherent in repetitious litigation.

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Hawkins V. Town Of Shaw: The Court As City Manager, C. Ronald Ellington, Lawrence F. Jones Jul 1971

Hawkins V. Town Of Shaw: The Court As City Manager, C. Ronald Ellington, Lawrence F. Jones

Scholarly Works

For over one hundred years Congress and the federal courts have pursued the goal of racial equality in the United States. In areas such as voting rights, public accommodations, and housing, Congress and the courts have interacted closely, with broad judicial interpretations upholding major remedial legislation. Moreover, when confronted by official state sources of racial discrimination, courts have traditionally responded to the clear command of the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment without awaiting congressional action. Brown v. Board of Education stands as perhaps the best known instance in which a court has, on its own, ordered the elimination …

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The Riot Act Of 1968: Congress Rides A Trojan Horse, D. S. G. Jan 1970

The Riot Act Of 1968: Congress Rides A Trojan Horse, D. S. G.

Georgia Law Review

In the wake of civil disorders which depredated many of America's cities, and in response to public outrage at such events, Congress enacted the Riot Act of 1968. The statute proscribes a twofold event. To violate the statute, an individual must travel in interstate commerce, or use some facility thereof, with an intent to incite a riot, and at some later time that individual must perform an overt act in furtherance of his intent. Yet the statute is a rather feeble attempt to exorcise the violent reaction to the rampant racial and social evils which have permeated the twentieth century. …

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Illegitimacy: Equal Protection And How To Enjoy It, H. G. G. Iii Jan 1970

Illegitimacy: Equal Protection And How To Enjoy It, H. G. G. Iii

Georgia Law Review

The purpose of this Note is to demonstrate that the way is now clear to remove legally sanctioned discrimination against the illegitimate and to grant him the full citizenship denied him for centuries. Specifically, it is argued that since the illegitimate is treated equally with other children insofar as the mother-child relationship is concerned, it is but a simple extension of this status to afford the bastard the potentially more significant rights of the father-child relationship. Although the illegitimate has made some progress from his status of near nonexistence at common law, dearly there is much progress still to be …

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Civil Disobedience: Is It Justified?, W. T. Blackstone Jan 1969

Civil Disobedience: Is It Justified?, W. T. Blackstone

Georgia Law Review

THE question, "Is civil disobedience justified?", raises profound problems of ethics and legal and political philosophy. Perhaps a precise and general answer to this question is impossible, but in this Article I wish to elucidate the various components and aspects of this question so that, to whatever extent possible, it can be intelligibly formulated and answered. It seems plain that we first must have a clear-cut definition of what constitutes civil disobedience, and it is plainly the case that many discussions of the question of civil disobedience have been both confusing and unfruitful because the participants did not have an …

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Human Rights: A Tide In The Affairs Of Men, Paul G. Kauper Jan 1969

Human Rights: A Tide In The Affairs Of Men, Paul G. Kauper

Georgia Law Review

MANY movements are discernible in these turbulent days of social change and revolution. Not the least is a great tidal movement, global in its dimensions, for the articulation, extension and more effective vindication of human rights. The celebration in 1968 of the twentieth anniversary of the adoption by the United Nations Assembly of the Declaration of Human Rights riveted special attention on the human rights movement and makes this subject particularly appropriate. Since the phrasing is so apt to describe the situation, I hope I shall be forgiven for cribbing a part of Shakespeare's familiar sentence and using it in …

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Black, White, Brown And Green: Color Consciousness In Public School Desegregation, Fh. Von U. Jan 1969

Black, White, Brown And Green: Color Consciousness In Public School Desegregation, Fh. Von U.

Georgia Law Review

Since 1954 and Brown v. Board of Education it has been against the law to educate white and black children separately. Separate schools, separate classrooms within a single school, or separate seating arrangements within the same classroom are inherently discriminatory. The law which separate education violates is not an HEW Rule, Regulation or Guideline; nor is it a federal statute. Where a public school system includes children of more than one color or national origin, education of any group of children within that system in a school which is identifiable as "belonging" to one race or another violates the United …

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The Georgia Eavesdropping Statute: A Critical Examination In Light Of Berger V. New York, R. W. S., Jr. Jan 1968

The Georgia Eavesdropping Statute: A Critical Examination In Light Of Berger V. New York, R. W. S., Jr.

Georgia Law Review

Mr. Justice Brandeis, dissenting in Olmstead v. United States,2 observed that: Ways may some day be developed by which the Government, without removing papers from secret drawers, can reproduce them in court, and by which it will be enabled to expose to a jury the most intimate occurrences of the home. With the advent of miniaturized circuits and the corresponding subtlety of eavesdropping devices Brandeis' prediction has become a substantial reality. Tubular and parabolic microphones, for example, can intercept conversations held hundreds of yards away and, reportedly, a microwave beam has been developed which can penetrate virtually any obstacle. Wireless …

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The Continuing Challenge Of The Fourteenth Amendment, Thurgood Marshall Jan 1968

The Continuing Challenge Of The Fourteenth Amendment, Thurgood Marshall

Georgia Law Review

I HAVE come here to Athens tonight to help you commemorate a great event of the past. This year marks the centennial of an occurrence which has had, and will continue to have, great impact on the people in this room. It was in 1868, on July 28 to be exact, that Secretary of State Seward certified that the fourteenth amendment had been ratified by three-quarters of the states and had become part of the Constitution. This event is not simply an isolated historical landmark for the students of this school. Historically, the ratification of the Civil War Amendments marked …

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Civil Disobedience: A New Credo?, Robert B. Mckay Jan 1967

Civil Disobedience: A New Credo?, Robert B. Mckay

Georgia Law Review

The signing of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, Benjamin Franklin warned that "We must all hang together or assuredly we shall all hang separately." Abraham Lincoln, in our nation's darkest hour, took his cue from the Biblical admonition of St. Mark to insist that a nation divided against itself cannot stand. From statements like these is derived the proposition that in unity there is strength. This simple truth, however, conceals a problem which is no different today than it has always been. We must ask: What is the price of unity, and is it worth the cost? …

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