Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons^™

Judicial Opinions As Binding Law And As Explanations For Judgments, Thomas W. Merrill

Cardozo Law Review

To what extent does the executive branch have autonomous powers of legal interpretation? The issue is often broadly framed in terms of two disparate understandings of the allocation of interpretative power: "judicial supremacy" and "departmentalism." In this paper, I shall speak of two different understandings of judicial opinions: the idea that judicial opinions (or at least the "holdings" of opinions) are legally binding on actors in the executive branch, and the idea that opinions are, from the perspective of executive actors, merely explanations for judicial judgments. I adopt this locution because it focuses more precisely on the core of the …

Clark Memorandum: Fall 1992, J. Reuben Clark Law Society, J. Reuben Clark Law School

The Clark Memorandum

• Apostles of Equality (Kenneth R. Wallentine)
• Portraits
• A Camelot for Scott (Lew Cramer)
• Heroes for Our Time (Thomas D. Morgan)

John D. Appel, Robert S. Rifkind

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Expanding Our Vision Of Legal Services Representation– The Hermanas Unidas Project, Stacy Brustin

American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law

No abstract provided.

Roe V. Wade And The Dred Scott Decision: Justice Scalia's Peculiar Analogy In Planned Parenthood V. Casey, Jamin B. Raskin

American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law

No abstract provided.

Babies, Parents, And Grandparents: A Story In Two Cases, Karen Czapanskiy

American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law

No abstract provided.

The New York Law School Reporter, Vol 8, No. 2, May 1991, New York Law School

Student Newspapers

No abstract provided.

Recruitment And Retention Of The African American Law Student, Cheryl E. Amana

North Carolina Central Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Road Map To Achieve Enhanced Cultural Diversity In Legal Education Employment Decisions, Bruce Comly French

North Carolina Central Law Review

No abstract provided.

Women Lawyers And The Quest For Professional Identity In Late Nineteenth-Century America, Virginia G. Drachman

Michigan Law Review

Whenever Lelia Robinson, a nineteenth-century woman lawyer, prepared to take a case to court, she faced a particular problem what to do about her hat. "Shall the woman attorney wear her hat when arguing a case or making a motion in court," she asked in 1888, "or shall she remove it?" Robinson's question was not a frivolous matter of fashion, but a serious concern to every woman lawyer who entered the courtroom. As a proper lady of her day, it was not only appropriate that she wear a hat in public, it was expected of her. But as a lawyer, …

Law Students Estimate Half Joined Boycott, Dan Joseph

Bryant Garth (1986-1987 Acting; 1987-1990)

No abstract provided.

Engendering Law Faculties, Carl W. Tobias

Law Faculty Publications

Numerous women have experienced great difficulty securing tenure at many institutions during the 1980's, even though significant numbers of women entered law teaching in that period. There currently is only an imperfect understanding of the reasons why women have encountered problems in attaining tenure. It is imperative that an enhanced appreciation of these difficulties be developed. If the problems are allowed to persist, the career and the personal well-being of every woman who considers seeking tenure are jeopardized, legal education's commitment to fairness is threatened, and the prospects for improving the treatment of women in the legal profession are reduced. …

The Making Of A Law Teacher, Odeana R. Neal

All Faculty Scholarship

At a meeting of the Northeast Corridor in October, 1990, Paulette Caldwell wondered aloud whether black women law teachers might be carrying on a cultural tradition of teaching. Her inquiry struck a chord with me that I hadn't heard in a long time. When I was very young, I wanted to be a teacher. I tutored younger children when I was in elementary school and commandeered a math class in junior high school after the teacher challenged me to "get up here and teach the class if you think you can do it better than I can." I thought I …

Gender And Race Bias Against Lawyers: A Classroom Response, Suellyn Scarnecchia

Articles

In reviewing other clinicians' approaches to teaching about bias, I identified problems that eventually led me to design a two-hour class session on bias against lawyers. The following is a review of a few other teaching methods and a description of my own approach, detailing its own strengths and weaknesses. This is not an exhaustive review of all possible approaches to bias. It is offered to promote classroom discussion of bias against lawyers and to invite the development of innovative alternatives to my approach.

The First Integration Of The University Of Maryland School Of Law, David S. Bogen

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Affirmative Action On Law Reviews: An Empirical Study Of Its Status And Effect, Frederick Ramos

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

This Note discusses the issues involved in affirmative action on law reviews. Part I examines law review affirmative action admissions schemes and alternative types of affirmative action programs. Part II considers the arguments supporting and opposing the implementation of affirmative action programs by law reviews. Part III presents the results of a survey of law reviews concerning affirmative action. This Note concludes that affirmative action programs are the most effective means of increasing minority membership on law reviews, but that law reviews may increase minority membership through other methods.

Affirmative Action: Protecting The Untenured Minority Professor During Extreme Financial Exigency, Johnny C. Parker, Linda C. Parker

North Carolina Central Law Review

No abstract provided.

Toward A Race-Conscious Pedagogy In Legal Education, Kimberlé W. Crenshaw

Faculty Scholarship

It is both an honor and a pleasure to write the Foreword for this issue of the National Black Law Journal. This project represents the culmination of a joint effort involving the NBLJ, Dean Susan Westerberg Prager and me. The project grew out of discussions that began in the Spring of 1987 in which we explored various ways that the law school could support the production of publishable student material for the Journal. I initially considered sponsoring interested students in independent research projects; however, a high level of student interest, an obvious overlap between proposed student topics, and my …

Desegregating The University Of Florida Law School: Virgil Hawkins V. The Florida Board Of Control, Darryl Paulson, Paul Hawkes

Florida State University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Minority Preferences In Law School Admissions, Terrance Sandalow

Book Chapters

In addressing the subject of "reverse discrimination," I want to caution at the outset against permitting the use of the word "discrimination" to prejudice consideration of the subject. "Discrimination" has, in recent years, become a bad word. It tends to be used as a shorthand for "unjustifiably unequal treatment." In its original and still proper meaning, however, the word is quite neutral. Discrimination merely means differentiation. It comes from a Latin word that means "to distinguish." Accordingly, when we discriminate-i.e., when we differentiate or distinguish-among people, the propriety of our action depends upon the reasons that we have acted as …

Civil Rights And Legal Order: The Work Of A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr., Donald P. Kommers, Eugenia S. Schwartz

Journal Articles

On October 11-12, 1978, Judge A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr.' delivered the Notre Dame Law School's Seventh Annual Civil Rights Lecture under the general title, "From Thomas Jefferson to Bakke: Race and the American Legal Process." It seems to us appropriate, therefore, on the occasion of the Higginbotham lecture, to consider his work as both historian and judge. Specifically, this article will serve the threefold purpose of (1) reviewing Matter of Color, (2) illustrating the author's use of history in two judicial opinions dealing with the rights of black Americans, and (3) reflecting upon the implications of Higginbotham's work in legal …

Roe V. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973)

Research in Virgil Hawkins' World of Print--Historical Print Research Project No. 1: Abortion

A pregnant single woman brought a class action suit challenging the constitutionality of the Texas criminal abortion laws, which proscribed procuring or attempting an abortion except on medical advice for the purpose of saving the mother's life. The Court held that a woman's right to an abortion fell within the right to privacy protected by the Fourteenth Amendment.

The Problems And Promise Of Black Men Of Law, Henry Mcgee

Faculty Articles

Professor McGee discusses the Black legal community's fight from the 1930s through the 1950s that eliminated the constitutional support of racial segregation and discrimination. Given the monumental obstacles which historically have plagued black lawyers, it is remarkable how many have succeeded despite the discrimination. While this article touches on some of the difficulties and limitations of the black bar, it must be stressed that there is a tradition of leadership and service among black lawyers that provides a solid foundation for the relatively large numbers of advocates that return to their communities. Building on this tradition of leadership, there are …

This Is Our Challenge, Not Our Fate, Williams A. Marsh

North Carolina Central Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Gaines Case: Its Background And Influence On The University Of Missouri And Lincoln University, 1936-1950, Robert Mclaran Sawyer

Books Related to Race and Education in Missouri

Dissertation by Dr. Sawyer written in 1966 in support of his doctoral degree from the University of Missouri exploring the Gaines case and the effects on education in Missouri. Digital copy is derived from print copy held in the University of Missouri Library Depository.

Consult Primary Authorities--Step Three In The Research Process

Research in Virgil Hawkins' World of Print--Historical Print Research Project No. 1: Abortion

The next likely step would have been to look up the statutes and the case that were listed in Florida Law and Practice to find additional information.To find both the statute and corresponding annotations, the student would have used the Florida Statutes Annotated. Since they found the citations for the statute in Florida Law and Practice, there is no need to use the index and the student would go directly to the volume of the set that contained the statute and annotations. At the time, F.S. § 782.10 held that intentionally causing a woman to miscarry would carry …

Conclusion And Fast Forward

Research in Virgil Hawkins' World of Print--Historical Print Research Project No. 1: Abortion

After analyzing statutes and case law information on abortion in Florida, the student could conclude and state that offering to help a woman obtain an abortion was illegal in the 1960’s and, if a miscarriage subsequently occurred due to aid provided, the person who helped obtain the abortion could be convicted of 3rd degree manslaughter.

In 1973, the Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade established that women had the right to seek an abortion and that states had to balance their ability to regulate health against a woman’s health care decision power and the potentiality of human life. 410 …

Research Strategy And Resources

Research in Virgil Hawkins' World of Print--Historical Print Research Project No. 1: Abortion

The first step in any research process is to create a research strategy and organize your plan. The first step in most legal research is the use of secondary sources in order to gain an overview of a legal issue and to find cases and statutes that discuss the topic. A possible source about the state of the law in Florida on the topic of abortion was Florida Law and Practice.

Historical Research Project On Abortion

Research in Virgil Hawkins' World of Print--Historical Print Research Project No. 1: Abortion

This document represents an historical research project, from start to finish, as it would have been accomplished during the time Virgil Hawkins was fighting to gain entry into the University of Florida law school. The student would have used print resources to resolve this legal question regarding abortion, a topic about which the law has changed significantly since the time this research would have been performed.

Secondary Sources--Step One In The Research Process

Research in Virgil Hawkins' World of Print--Historical Print Research Project No. 1: Abortion

The first step in most legal research is to start with secondary sources to gain an overview of a legal issue and to find cases and statutes that discuss the topic. Secondary sources are statements or texts written about the law. A source that was available in the FAMU law library and could have been used to find information about the state of the law in Florida on the topic of abortion was Florida Law and Practice. To find information in Florida Law and Practice, the student would have used the title’s index and looked up the search …