Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
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Articles 1141 - 1170 of 1880
Full-Text Articles in Civil Rights and Discrimination
Table Of Contents
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
“Lord Forgive Me, But He Tried To Kill Me”*: Proposing Solutions To The United States’ Most Vexing Racial Challenges, André Douglas Pond Cummings
“Lord Forgive Me, But He Tried To Kill Me”*: Proposing Solutions To The United States’ Most Vexing Racial Challenges, André Douglas Pond Cummings
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Defense Support Of Civil Authorities: An Examination Of Trends Impacting Upon Police Militarization, Kevin H. Govern
Defense Support Of Civil Authorities: An Examination Of Trends Impacting Upon Police Militarization, Kevin H. Govern
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Tinker, Taylor, Schoolhouse, Speech: The Impact Of The Internet And Social Media On Public School Administrators’ Authority To Control Student Speech, Olivia Broderick
Tinker, Taylor, Schoolhouse, Speech: The Impact Of The Internet And Social Media On Public School Administrators’ Authority To Control Student Speech, Olivia Broderick
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
The No-Fly List: The New Redress Procedures, Criminal Treatment, And The Blanket Of “National Security”, Chelsea Creta
The No-Fly List: The New Redress Procedures, Criminal Treatment, And The Blanket Of “National Security”, Chelsea Creta
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Can You Hear Me Now? The Reasonableness Of Sending Notice Through Text Messages And Its Potential Impact On Impoverished Communities, Caley Degroote
Can You Hear Me Now? The Reasonableness Of Sending Notice Through Text Messages And Its Potential Impact On Impoverished Communities, Caley Degroote
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
When More Is Less—Swat And Procedural Justice, Timothy C. Macdonnell
When More Is Less—Swat And Procedural Justice, Timothy C. Macdonnell
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
Since the “war on drugs” began in the early 1970s the use of Special Weapons and Tactics units has increased exponentially. These units, originally designed to address unique policing situations like riots or a barricaded gun man, are now deploying approximately 60,000 times a year. Over half of those deployments are for search warrants. Because SWAT units deploy assuming that they are going to a situation with a high likelihood of violence, their tactics reflect that assumption. SWAT means and methods emphasize the decisive use of force to resolve conflicts. These means and methods do not encourage communication between police …
Confronting Race And Collateral Consequences In Public Housing, Ann Cammett
Confronting Race And Collateral Consequences In Public Housing, Ann Cammett
Seattle University Law Review
Access to affordable housing is one of the most critical issues currently facing low-income families. In many urban areas, rising costs, dwindling economic opportunity, and gentrification have foreclosed access to previously available rental stock and contributed to a crisis in housing. For African Americans lingering economic disparities arising from generations of forced racial segregation and the disproportional impact of mass incarceration have magnified these problems. In this Article I explore legal barriers to publicly subsidized housing, a “collateral consequence” of criminal convictions that increasingly serves as a powerful form of housing discrimination. Evictions, denial of admission, and permanent exclusion of …
Begging For Due Process: Defending The Rights Of Urban Outcasts In An Italian Town, Giacomo Pailli, Alessandro Simoni
Begging For Due Process: Defending The Rights Of Urban Outcasts In An Italian Town, Giacomo Pailli, Alessandro Simoni
Seattle University Law Review
Adult begging in Italy has been decriminalized since a Constitutional Court decision in 1995 and an ensuing law, no. 205, in 1999. Nonetheless, beggars, particularly Roma ones, are still perceived by the public as a nuisance, like an issue that should be dealt with. Sensible to the pressure of its constituency, even Florence—a city with a tradition of openness and inclusion—has taken measures against begging and other similar street-level economic activities. Between 2007 and 2008, the first wave of city action in Florence was directed at windshield cleaners at traffic lights. Even though the policy was challenged, it produced the …
The Incongruous Intersection Of The Black Panther Party And The Ku Klux Klan, Angela A. Allen-Bell
The Incongruous Intersection Of The Black Panther Party And The Ku Klux Klan, Angela A. Allen-Bell
Seattle University Law Review
When, in 2015, a Louisiana prison warden publically likened the Black Panther Party to the Ku Klux Klan, I was stunned. The differences between the two groups seemed so extreme and so obvious I could not imagine ineptness of this magnitude. Not long after this, a Georgia legislator unashamedly express that the Ku Klux Klan was not a racist, terrorist group, but merely a vigilante group trying to keep law and order. After initial dismay, each of these instances evoked thoughts of the far-reaching implications of officials making operational and policy decisions around such a flawed appreciation of history. These …
International Environmental Law And The Global South Edited By Shawket Alam, Sumudu Atapattu, Carmen G. Gonzalez, And Jona Razzaque, Nadia B. Ahmad
International Environmental Law And The Global South Edited By Shawket Alam, Sumudu Atapattu, Carmen G. Gonzalez, And Jona Razzaque, Nadia B. Ahmad
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Session 2: The U.S. Perspective, Peter K. Yu, Allan Adler, Duncan Crabtree-Ireland, Mickey Osterreicher, Michael Wolfe, Aurelia J. Schultz
Session 2: The U.S. Perspective, Peter K. Yu, Allan Adler, Duncan Crabtree-Ireland, Mickey Osterreicher, Michael Wolfe, Aurelia J. Schultz
Faculty Scholarship
This panel provides an overview of the current state of protection of moral rights in the United States, including discussion of the “patchwork” approach of federal and state laws, as well as judicial opinions.
Newsroom: Vox: Mancheno '13 On Orlando 6-23-2016, Luis F. Mancheno, Vox, Roger Williams University School Of Law
Newsroom: Vox: Mancheno '13 On Orlando 6-23-2016, Luis F. Mancheno, Vox, Roger Williams University School Of Law
Life of the Law School (1993- )
No abstract provided.
The International Court And South West Africa: Latest Phase, Antony J.M. Zuijdwijk
The International Court And South West Africa: Latest Phase, Antony J.M. Zuijdwijk
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Masthead And Front Matter
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Table Of Contents
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Debating Slavery And Empire In The Washington College Literary Societies, Alfred L. Brophy
Debating Slavery And Empire In The Washington College Literary Societies, Alfred L. Brophy
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
This paper examines the debates of the Washington and Graham Literary Societies at Washington College in the 1850s. It has two purposes. The first is to use the debate topics as a gauge of the issues on the minds of Washington College’s students, particularly as they related to slavery and empire. This is part of the growing literature on the intellectual history of the pre-Civil War South and of its connection to slavery, for issues of race and slavery were common in the debates. The second is a more theoretical point. I seek to intervene in the popular constitutionalism literature …
Different Script, Same Caste In The Use Of Passive And Active Racism: A Critical Race Theory Analysis Of The (Ab)Use Of “House Rules” In Race-Related Education Cases, Steven L. Nelson
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Not Just A Game: The Employment Status And Collective Bargaining Rights Of Professional Esports Players, Hunter Amadeus Bayliss
Not Just A Game: The Employment Status And Collective Bargaining Rights Of Professional Esports Players, Hunter Amadeus Bayliss
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
The Power To Retaliate: How Nassar Strips Away The Protections Of Title Vii, Catherine Donnelly
The Power To Retaliate: How Nassar Strips Away The Protections Of Title Vii, Catherine Donnelly
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Is Modern Day Slavery A Private Act Or A Public System Of Oppression?, Maria L. Ontiveros
Is Modern Day Slavery A Private Act Or A Public System Of Oppression?, Maria L. Ontiveros
Seattle University Law Review
The government focuses on trafficking as the definitive form of modern day slavery. In doing so, it portrays modern day slavery as a private act with identifiable wrongdoers and views the Thirteenth Amendment through the lens of forced labor. Workers’ advocates, on the other hand, portray modern day slavery as a systemic form of oppression, supported by governmental policies on immigration and occupational exclusions. These groups focus on the Thirteenth Amendment through the lens of class. A historical analysis suggests that the proper approach views the Thirteenth Amendment through the lens of both class and labor.
The Thirteenth Amendment, Disparate Impact, And Empathy Deficits, Darrell A.H. Miller
The Thirteenth Amendment, Disparate Impact, And Empathy Deficits, Darrell A.H. Miller
Seattle University Law Review
Modern civil rights policy is, as the late Justice Scalia warned, at “war.” On the one hand, some laws, like Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII) and the Fair Housing Act, can impose liability for decisions due to their racial impacts rather than their racial motivation. Defendants in such cases can always respond that the challenged decision (a test, a criterion, an allocation) is necessary in some legally cognizable sense; but the courthouse doors open with the prima facie case of disparate impact. On the other hand, the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause, ever since …
The Last Legally Beaten Servant In America: From Compulsion To Coercion In The American Workplace, Lea Vandervelde
The Last Legally Beaten Servant In America: From Compulsion To Coercion In The American Workplace, Lea Vandervelde
Seattle University Law Review
Historically, the law of master-servant allowed corporal punishment. Today it seems strange to contemplate that intentionally inflicted violence was ever an acceptable method of compelling workers to labor in America. Strange as it seems, the practice of striking servants to discipline them was considered a legitimate, implicit part of the relationship between masters and servants. Servants, as well as slaves, could be subjected to cuffings and even severe beatings as means of “correction” and compulsion to labor. Menial servants, apprentices, and domestic servants could be beaten with hands, fists, straps, sticks, and sometimes whips, all in the name of correction …
Of Swords, Shields, And A Gun To The Head: Coercing Individuals, But Not States, Aviam Soifer
Of Swords, Shields, And A Gun To The Head: Coercing Individuals, But Not States, Aviam Soifer
Seattle University Law Review
This Article begins with a brief reprise of what should be a textual “gotcha” about the Enforcement Clauses of the post-Civil War Amendments—if our current Supreme Court Justices actually cared about original texts, originalism, or a combination of the two. Next, the Article focuses on the gnarled issue of “coercion.” It argues that, contrary to a great deal of Anglo-American legal doctrine, coercion is best understood along a spectrum rather than as a binary phenomenon. Coercion is actually much contested and highly contextual across many legal categories. Federal coercion—also described as commandeering or dragooning— has become a particular constitutional focus …
The Thirteenth Amendment At The Intersection Of Class And Gender: Robertson V. Baldwin’S Exclusion Of Infants, Lunatics, Women, And Seamen, James Gray Pope
The Thirteenth Amendment At The Intersection Of Class And Gender: Robertson V. Baldwin’S Exclusion Of Infants, Lunatics, Women, And Seamen, James Gray Pope
Seattle University Law Review
In Robertson v. Baldwin, the Supreme Court held that merchant seamen under contract could be legally compelled to work notwithstanding the Thirteenth Amendment’s prohibition on slavery and involuntary servitude. According to the Court, seamen were “deficient in that full and intelligent responsibility for their acts which is accredited to ordinary adults,” and therefore could—along with children and wards—be deprived of liberty. Over the past few years, however, several courts have applied statutory bans on “involuntary servitude” and “forced labor” (a “species of involuntary servitude”) to protect women and children in domestic settings. These cases suggest that Robertson’s categorical exclusion is …
A New Peonage?: Pay, Work, Or Go To Jail In Contemporary Child Support Enforcement And Beyond, Noah D. Zatz
A New Peonage?: Pay, Work, Or Go To Jail In Contemporary Child Support Enforcement And Beyond, Noah D. Zatz
Seattle University Law Review
Child support enforcement is one of several contemporary contexts in which the state threatens to incarcerate people if they fail to work. This symposium essay explores whether this practice violates the Thirteenth Amendment’s ban on involuntary servitude. At first glance, such threats fall squarely within the ambit of the early 20th century peonage cases. There, the Supreme Court struck down criminal enforcement of legal obligations to work off a debt. Several modern courts have declined to reach a similar conclusion when child support enforcement puts obligors to a choice between paying, working, and going to jail. To do so, these …
The Paradox Of The Right To Contract: Noncompete Agreements As Thirteenth Amendment Violations, Ayesha Bell Hardaway
The Paradox Of The Right To Contract: Noncompete Agreements As Thirteenth Amendment Violations, Ayesha Bell Hardaway
Seattle University Law Review
Employers in a variety of fields are increasingly imposing noncompete agreements on their workers as a condition of the workers’ at-will employment. These employees are working at or near minimum wage, in positions that require little or no advanced technical skills. Major news sources have highlighted this issue while covering recent employment litigation between Jimmy Johns and a pair of its former employees. In this litigation, two plaintiffs filed suit in federal court seeking injunctive relief and declaratory judgment invalidating the noncompete and confidentiality agreements that they signed with the sandwich maker. Granting defendant’s motion to dismiss, the Illinois District …
The Constitution And Slavery Overseas, George Rutherglen
The Constitution And Slavery Overseas, George Rutherglen
Seattle University Law Review
This Article examines the resources available under American law to address the issues raised by extraterritorial enforcement of one of the most widely recognized human rights—to be free from physical coercion and the loss of liberty. Part I reviews the history of adoption, interpretation, and enforcement of the Thirteenth Amendment. The scope of the Amendment gradually expanded through the joint efforts of Congress and the Supreme Court, resulting in a prohibition that now goes beyond involuntary servitude to all forms of peonage, whether supported by state or private action. Part II then looks to other sources of congressional power—the Commerce …
Slave Contracts And The Thirteenth Amendment, John C. Williams
Slave Contracts And The Thirteenth Amendment, John C. Williams
Seattle University Law Review
The Thirteenth Amendment—the commandment that “neither slavery nor involuntary servitude . . . shall exist within the United States”— did not truly eradicate incidents of slavery. This is hardly a controversial point. The postwar emergence of the Black Codes—laws meant to confine African Americans’ ability to rent, travel, and live as free humans would expect to—ensured that slavery’s conditions continued unabated. The Amendment itself permits slavery to exist “as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.” Still, did the Thirteenth Amendment not abolish the most fundamental characteristic of chattel slavery—the ability to trade in and …
“They Outlawed Solidarity!”, Richard Blum
“They Outlawed Solidarity!”, Richard Blum
Seattle University Law Review
In attacking § 8(b)(4)(ii)(B)’s ban on secondary labor picketing in support of a consumer boycott as a violation of the First Amendment, critics have repeatedly condemned the Supreme Court’s reliance on a supposed distinction between “pure speech” and “speech plus conduct,” such as a picket. The Court’s invocation of an “unlawful objectives” doctrine to defend banning speech contrary to public policy has also been repeatedly criticized. After all, picketing has been recognized as protected expressive activity and it is entirely lawful for consumers to choose to boycott the target of a picket. However, commentators have not sought to argue that …