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Articles 301 - 318 of 318
Full-Text Articles in Business Organizations Law
Between Disruption And Legitimation Of Development: A Critical Perspective On The Inspection Panel And A Call For More Radical Thinking Within The Accountability Community, Dustin Schäfer
Perspectives
The essay explores the Inspection Panel’s (the Panel) conflicting role of providing accountability for negatively affected people while facing political limitations. The Panel has proven its potential to disrupt harmful development practices. However, by reproducing “dev-speak” it also continuously contributes to legitimizing the same assumptions of “how to do development”, and thus to the continuation of harmful development practices. This ambivalent effect is inherent to the Panel because of its politically inhibited and depoliticized (i.e. technocratic) environment. To overcome this long-lasting and structural condition will require critical examination of the concept of development and the role it plays in …
An Increased Normalization Of Iams Faces Ground Realities: Lack Of Transparency Impedes Access To Iams, Hamid Sharif
An Increased Normalization Of Iams Faces Ground Realities: Lack Of Transparency Impedes Access To Iams, Hamid Sharif
Perspectives
The creation of the Inspection Panel at the World Bank has led to the emergence of a norm that international financial institutions (IFIs) must hold themselves accountable to project-affected people through independent accountability mechanisms (IAMs). AIIB as a 21st century bank reflects this normalization of IAMs. As a new MDB, AIIB’s charter mandates creation of an oversight body that includes the independent accountability mechanism or the Project-affected People’s mechanism (PPM). The PPM is aligned with many features of IFI’s IAMs while incorporating some innovations.
The central question asked by civil society and board members across IFIs is why there …
"Use And Improve" Is My Accountability Mantra, Despite 30 Years Of Eye-Opening Disappointments, Natalie Bridgeman Fields
"Use And Improve" Is My Accountability Mantra, Despite 30 Years Of Eye-Opening Disappointments, Natalie Bridgeman Fields
Perspectives
This essay finds justification for championing the continued existence, functioning and evolution of Independent Accountability Mechanisms (IAMs). An inside assessment of the thirty-year functioning of IAMs reveals that inadequate power and independence are severely hampering IAM efforts to hold actors accountable for harm. Simultaneously, IAMs can’t make progress without the underlying financial institutions reforming their incentive structures to reward harm prevention and remedy. Despite decades of systemic failure to deliver accountability, when exceptions happen, they are worth it and can be spectacular. With an influx of new climate-related funding expected at the financial institutions, exceptions need to become the rule. …
The World Bank, The Inspection Panel & Immunity, Joe Athialy
The World Bank, The Inspection Panel & Immunity, Joe Athialy
Perspectives
The establishment of the Inspection Panel marked a turning point for the World Bank, at a time when the notion of accountability in international financial institutions was still nascent. Triggered by people's movements, this bold experiment aimed at transparency faced hurdles as the Bank was immune to legal consequences, and over a while, it weakened the Panel's mandate. The 2019 US Supreme Court decision stripping the Bank of absolute immunity reshapes its accountability landscape. Post-immunity, the Panel gains renewed significance, scrutinizing and recommending actions. Legal repercussions for non-compliance bring a paradigm shift, compelling the Bank to enhance transparency, engage communities, …
Why Corporate Boards Should Include Lgbtq+ People, Jeremy Mcclane, Darren Rosenblum
Why Corporate Boards Should Include Lgbtq+ People, Jeremy Mcclane, Darren Rosenblum
Faculty Publications
(Excerpt)
Corporate boardrooms sit at the heart of most of society’s most consequential decisions but fall far short of the diversity of our society. The current movement toward board diversification aims to remedy the underrepresentation of marginalized groups on corporate boards. More recently, some efforts have included LGBTQ+ people, even though the basis for their inclusion on corporate boards remains largely unstated. This Article examines both the normative and instrumental bases for LGBTQ+ inclusion in board diversity initiatives, articulating unspoken assumptions and linking LGBTQ+ people to the broader inclusion effort. In so doing, it begins to surface the unique issues …
The Uniform Commercial Code Survey: Introduction, Jennifer S. Martin, Colin P. Marks, Wayne Barnes
The Uniform Commercial Code Survey: Introduction, Jennifer S. Martin, Colin P. Marks, Wayne Barnes
Faculty Articles
The survey that follows highlights the most important developments of 2022 dealing with domestic and international sales of goods, personal property leases, payments, letters of credit, documents of title, investment securities, and secured transactions. Along with the usual descriptions of interesting judicial decisions in these areas, which are highlighted in the survey, there has also been important legislative progress. The 2022 Amendments to the Uniform Commercial Code ("U.C.C.") (the "2022 Amendments") have been adopted in eight states and introduced in nineteen plus the District of Colombia.
Strengthening China's Response To Economic Losses Caused Byship Oil Pollution: Advancing Compensation Mechanisms, Meiyi Gai
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
China's oil pollution compensation system, established relatively late, has an imperfect legal framework, leading to numerous issues in claim settlements. Frequent oil pollution incidents significantly damage its marine ecosystem and harm affected parties. Despite initial efforts, China's compensation framework is less effective than those of developed countries. This paper examines the current challenges in China's compensation mechanism for ship oil pollution damage, drawing lessons from Canada and the United States, and proposing improvements. Through a comprehensive literature review and comparative analysis, the study identifies legislative strengths and weaknesses, aiming to improve China's system by adopting a dual-track compensation mechanism that …
A Comparative Analysis Of Medical Malpractice Law In Telemedicine Between Thailand And Germany, Surusvadee Viravud
A Comparative Analysis Of Medical Malpractice Law In Telemedicine Between Thailand And Germany, Surusvadee Viravud
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
ในประเทศไทยและเยอรมนี การแพทย์ทางไกลได้กลายเป็นส่วนสำคัญในการดูแลสุขภาพของประชาชนทั่วไป การบริการทางการแพทย์นี้มีความสำคัญอย่างยิ่งหลังการแพร่ระบาดของโรคโควิด-19 ไปทั่วโลก การบริการการแพทย์ทางไกลมีประโยชน์หลายประการทั้งการเข้าถึงการบริการด้านสุขภาพที่เพิ่มมากขึ้น ตลอดจนส่งเสริมความสามารถในการให้บริการด้านสุขภาพของผู้ให้บริการทางการแพทย์ อย่างไรก็ตาม การแพทย์ทางไกลได้ก่อให้เกิดความท้าทายทางด้านกฎหมาย โดยเฉพาะประเด็นที่เกี่ยวข้องกับเรื่องการทุรเวชปฏิบัติทางการแพทย์ทางไกลโดยเจ้าหน้าที่ทางการแพทย์และผู้ให้บริการการแพทย์ทางไกลซึ่งมีรูปแบบและลักษณะแตกต่างจากการให้บริการทางการแพทย์แบบดั้งเดิมปัจจุบัน การให้บริการการแพทย์ทางไกลโดยแพทย์ที่ได้รับใบอนุญาตนั้นจะต้องทำตามหลักเกณฑ์ตามประกาศแพทยสภา ฉบับที่ 54/2563 ซึ่งได้กำหนดความหมายของคำว่า “การแพทย์ทางไกล" ไว้เป็นการเฉพาะ และยังปรากฏว่ามีออกประกาศกระทรวงสาธารณสุขเรื่องมาตรฐานสำหรับสถานพยาบาลที่ใช้ระบบบริการการแพทย์ทางไกล พ.ศ. 2564 เพื่อกำกับดูแลการให้บริการการแพทย์ทางไกลของผู้ให้บริการสถานพยาบาล อย่างไรก็ตาม ยังไม่ปรากฏว่ามีกฎหมายที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการเรียกค่าสินไหมทดแทนจากทุรเวชปฏิบัติด้านการแพทย์ทางไกลไว้โดยเฉพาะเจาะจง การบาดเจ็บที่เกิดจากการกระทำทุรเวชปฏิบัติทางการแพทย์ที่เกิดขึ้นในกรณีการแพทย์ทางไกลจะอยู่ภายใต้มาตรา 420 ของประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ของประเทศไทย เช่นเดียวกับกรณีการกระทำทุรเวชปฏิบัติทางการแพทย์เช่นเดียวกับการแพทย์แบบดั้งเดิมงานวิจัยนี้พบว่าภาระการพิสูจน์ของผู้ที่ได้รับบาดเจ็บภายใต้กรอบของกฎหมายการละเมิดทั่วไป ส่งผลให้ผู้ที่รับบริการการแพทย์ทางไกลมีภาระในการพิสูจน์เช่นว่านี้มากเกินสมควร เมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับระบบกฎหมายไทย ระบบกฎหมายของประเทศเยอรมนีได้สร้างกลไกที่เป็นระบบมาใช้เพื่อช่วยให้ผู้ให้บริการการแพทย์ทางไกลมีความรับผิดชอบต่อการบาดเจ็บนั้นมากขึ้นและคุ้มครองฝ่ายผู้รับบริการได้มากขึ้นในกรณีทุรเวชปฏิบัติในกิจการการแพทย์ทางไกล โดยงานวิจัยนี้มุ่งเน้นไปที่การเปรียบเทียบแนวปฏิบัติของศาลเกี่ยวกับกรณีทุรเวชปฏิบัติทางการแพทย์ระหว่างประเทศไทยและเยอรมนี และชี้ให้เห็นความแตกต่างและประเด็นที่อาจนำเอามาปรับปรุง แนวทางการปฏิบัติของศาลเยอรมนีเป็นตัวอย่างหนึ่งของแนวทางที่ครอบคลุมและแสดงออกถึงการใช้กลไกทางกฎหมายที่ซับซ้อนเพื่อรับรองความปลอดภัยของผู้ป่วยผู้รับบริการและสร้างความรับผิดชอบให้แก่ผู้ให้บริการเพื่อจัดการกับความท้าทายทางกฎหมายในด้านการแพทย์ทางไกล ประเทศไทยสามารถนำแนวทางปฏิบัติจากกรอบกฎหมายของประเทศเยอรมนีมาปรับใช้เพื่อลดภาระการพิสูจน์สำหรับผู้ป่วยและรับรองความรับผิดของผู้ให้บริการด้านการแพทย์ทางไกล เพื่อส่งเสริมความปลอดภัยของผู้ป่วยผู้รับบริการและการรักษาสิทธิของผู้ป่วยในกรณีที่อาจมีการเรียกร้องค่าเสียหายจากการรักษาพยาบาลของผู้ให้บริการการแพทย์ทางไกลในประเทศไทย และเพื่อรับประกันความปลอดภัยและความเป็นอยู่ที่ดีของผู้ป่วยผู้รับบริการการแพทย์ทางไกลในประเทศไทยมากกว่าปัจจุบัน
Challenges Of An Implementation And Enforcement Of Child Safety Seat Law In Thailand, Narisara Pan-Ngam
Challenges Of An Implementation And Enforcement Of Child Safety Seat Law In Thailand, Narisara Pan-Ngam
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
In Thailand, car accidents are the second leading cause of death among children. According to the Child Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center (CSIP), in 2019, automobile accidents killed approximately 2500 children aged 1 to 14 years old per year, or 250 children each month on average. Most of the children who died in auto accidents were not wearing seat belts at the time of the crash.Generally, essential safety devices in the car are seatbelts and airbags, which will protect the passengers from fatal injuries when the car crashes. Unfortunately, seatbelt only grants the appropriate protection for adult passengers …
The Failure Of Market Efficiency, William Magnuson
The Failure Of Market Efficiency, William Magnuson
Faculty Scholarship
Recent years have witnessed the near total triumph of market efficiency as a regulatory goal. Policymakers regularly proclaim their devotion to ensuring efficient capital markets. Courts use market efficiency as a guiding light for crafting legal doctrine. And scholars have explored in great depth the mechanisms of market efficiency and the role of law in promoting it. There is strong evidence that, at least on some metrics, our capital markets are indeed more efficient than they have ever been. But the pursuit of efficiency has come at a cost. By focusing our attention narrowly on economic efficiency concerns—such as competition, …
Allocating State Authority Over Charitable Nonprofit Organizations, Lloyd Hitoshi Mayer
Allocating State Authority Over Charitable Nonprofit Organizations, Lloyd Hitoshi Mayer
Journal Articles
This Essay considers the allocation of state authority to enforce the legal obligations particular to charities and their leaders among state officials, including attorneys general, judges, and legislators, and private parties. It first describes the existing allocation. It then reviews the most common criticisms of this allocation, which primarily focus on two concerns: politicization and lack of sufficient enforcement. Finally, it evaluates the most notable proposals for reallocating this authority, including the reallocation of this authority in part to private parties.
This Essay concludes that reform proposals have two fundamental flaws. First, proposals aimed at countering the political nature of …
Inside Out (Or, One State To Rule Them All): New Challenges To The Internal Affairs Doctrine, Ann Lipton
Inside Out (Or, One State To Rule Them All): New Challenges To The Internal Affairs Doctrine, Ann Lipton
Publications
The internal affairs doctrine provides that the law of the organizing state will apply to matters pertaining to a business entity's internal governance, regardless of whether the entity has substantive ties to that jurisdiction. The internal affairs doctrine stands apart from other choice of law rules, which usually favor the jurisdiction with the greatest relationship to the dispute and limit parties' ability to select another jurisdiction's law. The doctrine is purportedly justified by business entities' unique need for a single set of rules to apply to governance matters, and by the efficiency gains that flow from allowing investors and managers …
Stuck In Neutral? Reforming Corporate Purpose And Fiduciary Duties, Barnali Choudhury, Martin Petrin
Stuck In Neutral? Reforming Corporate Purpose And Fiduciary Duties, Barnali Choudhury, Martin Petrin
All Papers
After decades of corporate leadership based on shareholder wealth maximization, momentum is now gathering behind a shift towards the recognition of stakeholder interests. However, from voluntary actions by business to changes in soft and hard law, the steps taken thus far have been insufficient to result in meaningful changes. Instead, we are stuck in neutral. A more decisive push is needed to ensure that business contributes to tackling the most pressing societal issues of our times in a substantial and timely manner. The Canadian corporate landscape, although beginning to shift away from shareholder primacy, is still not settled and in …
Shareholder Inspection Rights: From Credible Basis To Rational Belief, Lynn Bai
Shareholder Inspection Rights: From Credible Basis To Rational Belief, Lynn Bai
Emory Business Law Review
Jurisdictions are split on the standard of proof for shareholder inspection lawsuits when inspections are for the purpose of investigating managerial misconduct. Delaware and its followers apply a credible basis standard that calls for extrinsic evidence, beyond mere suspicion, curiosity, or disagreement with management, to permit an inference of misconduct. A minority of jurisdictions require shareholders to show merely a rational belief that mismanagement likely happened. Rational belief can be satisfied by sound logic without referencing extrinsic evidence. The Delaware Supreme Court rejected rational belief for fear that a permissive standard would lead to a cascade of frivolous inspections, although …
United We Stand, Divided We Fall: A Survey Of Current Public And Private Initiatives Addressing Board Diversity & A Proposed Sec Diversity Disclosure To Help Increase Board Diversity, Gabrielle Hunter
Emory Business Law Review
No abstract provided.
From Director Liability To Officer Liability To Esg Caremark Claims: A Natural Evolution?, Gareth Mchugh
From Director Liability To Officer Liability To Esg Caremark Claims: A Natural Evolution?, Gareth Mchugh
Emory Business Law Review
With the McDonald’s decision, officers and directors could face Caremark liability for the first time, and this decision could also lead to an influx of ESG-based Caremark claims in Delaware Courts. This Comment explains that, while ESG Caremark claims would force corporations to adopt ESG oversight systems to avoid liability, the very political, social, and legal environment that created a growing call for ESG Caremark claims presents a beneficial opportunity for corporations to appeal to consumers and investors by proactively adopting ESG oversight systems. Corporations are at a nexus where they can either willingly adopt ESG oversight systems and reap …
40 Acres And A Mule: Accountability For Corporations To Provide Reparations To Historically Black Colleges And Universities For Profits From Slave Labor, Meghan K. Marks
40 Acres And A Mule: Accountability For Corporations To Provide Reparations To Historically Black Colleges And Universities For Profits From Slave Labor, Meghan K. Marks
Emory Business Law Review
No abstract provided.
Inherently Incompatible: The Irreconcilable Tension Between Corporate Negligence Claims And The Federal Tort Claims Act, Veronica J. Finkelstein
Inherently Incompatible: The Irreconcilable Tension Between Corporate Negligence Claims And The Federal Tort Claims Act, Veronica J. Finkelstein
Emory Business Law Review
No abstract provided.