Business Organizations Law Commons^™

The Role Of Efficiency Justifications In U.S.-American And West German Merger Control Law: A Comparison, Christian Westerhausen

LLM Theses and Essays

When merger control laws first emerged in the United States and West Germany in the early 1900s, some businessmen and economists argued that the efficiency of businesses was impeded by antimerger laws. They contended that only very large businesses could realize significant efficiencies, be internationally competitive, and attain technological progress. This paper analyzes the role that these efficiency arguments had on the laws in West Germany and the United States, respectively. German law mainly upheld the idea that preservation of competition was most important for business efficiency, but also included a provision that firms could put forward the social desirability …

Clarifying The Attempt To Monopolize Offense As An Alternative Protectionist Legislation: The Conditional Relevance Of "Dangerous Probability Of Success", James F. Ponsoldt

Scholarly Works

The wounded condition of several major American industries, including steel and textiles, resulting from foreign ‘predatory’ conduct has generated much commentary. At the same time, private spokesmen for our institutionalized business interests, including the financial community, have bemoaned American balance of trade figures, blaming them on such ‘impediments' to our export trade as foreign trade barriers and domestic antitrust laws. The two trade problems suggest a common theme: foreign governments have been unfairly aiding their business interests by protecting monopolized or cartelized foreign markets from American business penetration while also subsidizing, directly or indirectly, foreign invasion of certain targeted American …

Small High Technology Companies And Public Policy: A Legal Analysis, Werner W. Mielke

LLM Theses and Essays

This study analyzes the legal side of the public policy regarding high technology companies. It examines the role of small high technology firms in the national economy. The needs and problems of these firms are analyzed and categorized in order to have an analytical framework in which to examine their relationship with the prevailing legal environment. Finally, on the basis of selected laws and regulations, legal barriers and disincentives and the way to reduce them are examined as well as legal provisions intended to provide incentives and assistance.

State Income Taxation Of Multijurisdictional Corporations, Part Ii: Reflections On Asarco And Woolworth, Walter Hellerstein

Scholarly Works

The first part of this Article, "State Income Taxation of Multijurisdictional Corporations: Reflections on Mobil, Exxon, and H.R. 5076" [79 Mich. L. Rev. 113], did not contemplate a sequel. The Supreme Court's decisions last term in two state corporate income tax cases, however, created an irresistible opportunity to write one. The Court's opinions in ASARCO and Woolworth picked up where its opinions in Mobil and Exxon left off. Yet the direction taken by these more recent decisions veers sharply from the course ostensibly set by their predecessors. This Article will consider the Court's latest pronouncements in this area in a …

State Income Taxation Of Multijurisdictional Corporations, Part Ii: Reflections On Asarco And Woolworth, Walter Hellerstein

Scholarly Works

The first part of this Article, State Income Taxation of Multiurisdictional Corporations: Reflections on Mobil, Exxon, and H A 5076, did not contemplate a sequel. The Supreme Court's decisions last term in two state corporate income tax cases, however, created an irresistible opportunity to write one. The Court's opinions in ASARC0 and Woolworth picked up where its opinions in Mobil and Exxon left off. Yet the direction taken by these more recent decisions veers sharply from the course ostensibly set by their predecessors. This Article will consider the Court's latest pronouncements in this area in a continuing if quixotic effort …

Corporate Distributions And The Income Tax: A Consideration Of The Inconsistency Between Subchapter C And Its Underlying Policy, Charles R.T. O'Kelley

Scholarly Works

This Article suggests that although one part of a corporate distribution may be analogous to a sale and the remainder to a dividend, there is no overlap of, or competition between, analogies. This lack of overlap is apparent when one realizes that a dividend and a sale are methods of realizing different types of gain, rather than alternative methods of realizing the same type of gain. This Article examines the basic conceptual model underlying the present system of taxing corporate distributions, describes the appropriate treatment of corporate distributions that is suggested by an understanding of the underlying concepts, and indicates …

State Income Taxation Of Multijurisdictional Corporations: Reflections On Mobil, Exxon, And H.R. 5076, Walter Hellerstein

Scholarly Works

The state tax field is experiencing a renaissance of sorts. The Supreme court has displayed a renewed interest in the area, handing down an unusual number of significant decisions addressed to the constitutional restraints on state tax power. State courts have exhibited a similar revival of interest in these problems through an outpouring of uncharacteristically thoughtful opinions concerning state taxation of multistate and multinational enterprise. Congress, whose concern with state taxation of interstate and foreign commerce has been sporadic, is again considering legislation that would limit state taxing authority in these domains. Even the executive branch, which seldom intervenes in …

State Income Taxation Of Multijurisdictional Corporations: Reflections On Mobil, Exxon, And H.R. 5076, Walter Hellerstein

Scholarly Works

The state tax field is enjoying a renaissance of sorts. The Supreme Court has displayed a renewed interest in the area, handing down an unusual number of significant decisions addressed to the constitutional restraints on state tax power. State courts have exhibited a similar revival of interest in these problems through an out-pouring of uncharacteristically thoughtful opinions concerning state taxation of multistate and multinational enterprise. Congress, whose concern with state taxation of interstate and foreign commerce has been sporadic, is again considering legislation that would limit state taxing authority in these domains.

Even the executive branch, which seldom intervenes in …

The Constitutional Rights Of Corporations Revisited: Social And Political Expression And The Corporation After First Nationial Bank V. Bellotti, Charles R.T. O'Kelley

Scholarly Works

The Supreme Court has addressed only a few occasions the extent to which corporations enjoy those constitutional rights so fundamental to private citizens. In this article Professor O'Kelley discusses the inherent difficulty in applying familiar constitutional principles to corporations and examines those cases in which the Supreme Court has either extended or denied to corporations various constitutional rights. Finding that two underlying conceptual doctrines -- the Field rational and the associational rationale -- have guided the Court in previous decisions in this area, he then applies these doctrines in an analysis of the recent Supreme Court decision in First National …

Is Georgia On Their Minds?--Some Legal Aspects Of Investment And Trade By Foreign Business Enterprises, Gabriel M. Wilner, Terry K. Smith

Scholarly Works

This article will focus on the legal environment within the State in regard to foreign investment and trade. In making this survey it is also necessary to note briefly the full context in which foreign investment and trade is accomplished. The State cannot act or fail to act in areas dictated by the economic, political, and social philosophies held by its citizens. Likewise, the State cannot act in areas in which the Federal Government has acted pursuant to the United State Constitution. Among the areas in which the State is prohibited or preempted from acting are foreign affairs, especially in …

State Taxation Of Interstate Business And The Supreme Court, 1974 Term: Standard Pressed Steel And Colonial Pipeline, Walter Hellerstein

Scholarly Works

It was an item of more than routine interest when the Supreme Court, late in the 1973 term, noted probable jurisdiction in two cases raising issues of central importance with respect to state tax power over interstate business. Standard Pressed Steel Co. v. Department of Revenue presented critical questions concerning due process and commerce clause limitations on a state's power to impose an unapportioned gross receipts tax on an interstate vendor; Colonial Pipeline Co. v. Traigle posed the recurring and unresolved question of the scope and vitality of the doctrine that the “privilege” of doing interstate business is immune from …

Maintaining Trade Secrecy: The Significance Of Water Services V. Tesco Chemicals, Ian S. Forrester

Georgia Law Review

THE Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, sitting in Atlanta, recently decided the case of Water Services, Inc. v. Tesco Chemicals, Inc. The facts of this case, which concerned trade secrecy and noncompete agreements, had occurred in so many similar cases as to be classic, if not hackneyed. The decision of Judge Wisdom, however, has con- siderably more significance than the rather commonplace facts would indicate. The case developed in the traditional manner: a new employee was exposed to a secret, but not patented, process; and after learning all of the details of the process, he entered the employ of his …

Pure Conglomerate Mergers And Section 7 Of The Clayton Act, R. C. C.

Georgia Law Review

Conglomerate mergers are currently the center of attention in the corporate world. The Wall Street Journal recently published a three-part series on the conglomerate, which was labeled the "corporate phenomenon of the '60s." In a special report, Business Week wrote: "No creation of the U.S. economy reflects the vigor, imagination, and sheer brass of the 1960s more than the conglomerate corporations." Although they are the object of much discussion, little about conglomerates has been agreed upon except that their implications are dearly important.

The conglomerate merger has been under dose scrutiny for the past several years. The Senate Antitrust Subcommittee …

The Texas Gulf Sulphur Opinion In The Appellate Court: An Open Door To Federal Control Of Corporations, Robert N. Leavell

Scholarly Works

The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit has written an opinion in the Texas Gulf Sulphur case which seems to me unfortunate and in large part unnecessary. This comment is a brief statement of why I feel this to be the case.

Corporate Finance Under The Georgia Business Corporation Code Of 1968, Pasco M. Bowman Ii

Scholarly Works

This Article will review the financial provisions of the new Georgia Business Corporation Code (B.C.C.), which will become effective April 1, 1969. On that date, the Code will automatically apply to virtually all existing domestic business corporations, other than banks, trust companies, railroads, and the several other types of corporations which obtain their charters from the Secretary of State. Existing domestic insurance companies will be subject to the B.C.C. to the same extent as they are now subject to the present general corporation law. The financial provisions of the B.C.C. are found primarily in Chapter 22.5, entitled "Corporate Finance." Key …

Georgia's New Statutory Liability For Manufacturers: An Inadequate Legislative Response, E. Hunter Taylor Jr.

Scholarly Works

During its 1968 session the Georgia Legislature passed a bill intending to create a right of action in tort, independent of negligence, in favor of consumers, users or other foreseeably affected parties against manufacturers of defective products. While Georgia has been in need of judicial or legislative action in this realm, it is the author's thesis that the recently enacted statute is unsatisfactory and should be redrafted. The purpose of this article is as follows: (1) to describe and trace historically the problems which have been encountered in providing legal protection to the individual for injury caused by defective goods; …

Corporate Finance Under The Georgia Business Corporation Code Of 1968, Pasco M. Bowman, Ii

Georgia Law Review

T HIS Article will review the financial provisions of the new Georgia Business Corporation Code (B.C.C.), which will become effective April 1, 1969. On that date, the Code will automatically apply to virtually all existing domestic business corporations, other than banks, trust companies, railroads and the several other types of corporations which obtain their charters from the Secretary of State. Existing domestic insurance companies will be subject to the B.C.C. to the same extent as they are now subject to the present general corporation law.0 The B.C.C. is only one part of a comprehensive revision and restatement of Georgia's corporation …