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Insolvency

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Articles 121 - 138 of 138

Full-Text Articles in Bankruptcy Law

Equity - Election Of Remedies - Proof Of Claim In Receivership Feb 1934

Equity - Election Of Remedies - Proof Of Claim In Receivership

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff sold certain chattels under a conditional sales agreement to a partnership which later went into receivership. The purchase price not having been paid, plaintiff filed a general claim with the receiver, which was allowed. Six months later, no dividend having been paid, plaintiff filed a petition to have the general claim withdrawn and a preferred one substituted, based on the title-retaining contract. The court held that by filing and allowance of the general claim plaintiff made a final election between inconsistent remedies which barred rescission and restitution of the specific property. The court held that the inexperience of plaintiff's …


Contracts - Fraud - Implied Representation Of Solvency Jan 1934

Contracts - Fraud - Implied Representation Of Solvency

Michigan Law Review

Defendant, a wholesale grocer, had been losing steadily for months by selling below cost, and had assets of $83,000 against liabilities of $140,000 on Nov. 21, 1929. On that date he accepted a 90-day trade acceptance drawn by claimant for cases of tomato paste which he had ordered, and which claimant now seeks to reclaim on the ground of fraud. On December 3 defendant obtained the goods, and the next day went into involuntary bankruptcy. Held, that the buyer's promise to pay implies belief in reasonable ability to pay, and that concealment of belief to the contrary is fraud …


Bank Reorganization And Recapitalization In Michigan, Ellis B. Merry Dec 1933

Bank Reorganization And Recapitalization In Michigan, Ellis B. Merry

Michigan Law Review

On January 2, 1933, 420 state and 68 national banks were operating in Michigan. On February 13, the Governor of Michigan proclaimed a banking holiday for eight days which was extended in effect on February 22. On March 4, the President proclaimed a national banking holiday until March 9. Under the provisions of the President's proclamation lifting the national banking holiday, 198 state and approximately 30 national banks were reopened by the appropriate authorities as "sound" banks. State bank conservators assumed the management and custody of 215 state banks which did not open, on appointment by the Commissioner of the …


Constitutional Law - Bank Reorganization Legislation - Composition With Depositors And Other Creditors, Maurice S. Culp Dec 1933

Constitutional Law - Bank Reorganization Legislation - Composition With Depositors And Other Creditors, Maurice S. Culp

Michigan Law Review

Twenty States and the federal government now have laws permitting the reorganization and reopening of insolvent or failing banks. The usual statute provides for the reorganization of a bank upon some plan approved by a large majority of the general creditors of the institution; the plan must also have the approval of state banking officials and of a court of general jurisdiction, although the last is by no means a universal requirement. The reorganization, when approved, becomes binding upon all depositors and general creditors of the bank regardless of consent. By the terms of a few statutes, non-assenting creditors are …


Banks And Banking -Trust Funds - Deposits For A Special Purpose Nov 1933

Banks And Banking -Trust Funds - Deposits For A Special Purpose

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff had an arrangement with defendant bank whereby receipts of certain of plaintiff's branch stores were to be deposited daily with defendant, and the latter was to transmit each day by draft to a bank in Pittsburgh for plaintiff's credit all sums in excess of a dormant balance of $2,000. Drafts covering two days' deposits were in process of transmission to the Pittsburgh bank when defendant bank was taken over by the Comptroller of the Currency. The deposits represented by these drafts were made at a time when defendant's officers and directors knew the bank to be insolvent, though negotiations …


Bankruptcy - Suspension Of State Statutes Regulating General Assignments Nov 1933

Bankruptcy - Suspension Of State Statutes Regulating General Assignments

Michigan Law Review

An insolvent debtor made a voluntary assignment of. all his property to the defendants for the benefit of his creditors. The plaintiff, a nonassenting creditor, brought garnishment proceedings against the defendants, contending that the state statute governing general assignments had been suspended by the National Bankruptcy Act. The Wisconsin Supreme Court was of the opinion that only that portion of the Act which provides for a discharge of the assignor from his debts was suspended. On appeal to the United-States Supreme Court the decision was affirmed. Pobreslo v. Joseph M. Boyd Co., 287 U. S. 518, 53 Sup. …


Receivers - Extraterritorial Powers Jun 1932

Receivers - Extraterritorial Powers

Michigan Law Review

In these days of financial stress, the question of the extraterritorial powers of a receiver becomes especially acute. Though to the business man state lines have lost their significance, the lawyer is still confronted with independent sovereignties, both federal and state, each jealously safeguarding its own particular province. Receivers, appointed for an insolvent corporation or for a judgment debtor, seek to recover assets situated in foreign jurisdictions. Economy and expediency dictate the prevention of a dismemberment of the estates and the saving of expensive ancillary receiverships by a personal pursual on the part of the home receivers of those outlying …


When Is A Corporation Insolvent?, Floyd Mathew Rett May 1932

When Is A Corporation Insolvent?, Floyd Mathew Rett

Michigan Law Review

There is general unanimity that as to real persons "insolvency" means the inability of a debtor to pay his obligations as .they fall due in the usual course of business - even though the value of his assets exceeds the aggregate of his liabilities. But the question - when is a corporation insolvent - the question to which this paper is devoted, is one with very varied answers. The answers may vary both with the nature of the corporation concerned and with the type of transaction involved. There are, however, two conventional definitions of corporate "insolvency," with occasional variations and …


Corporations - Obligation To Refund Dividends Paid Out Of Capital May 1932

Corporations - Obligation To Refund Dividends Paid Out Of Capital

Michigan Law Review

The general rule is fairly well established that, where dividends are paid, in whole or in part, out of the capital stock, corporate creditors, being such when the dividend was declared, or becoming such at any subsequent time, may, to the extent of their claims, if such claims are not otherwise paid, compel the stockholders to whom the dividend has been paid to refund whatever portion of the dividend was taken out of the capital stock. This, however, has been modified in the federal courts to the extent that where the dividend, although paid entirely out of capital, was received …


Receivers -Liability For Corporate Franchise Taxes Accruing After Appointment May 1932

Receivers -Liability For Corporate Franchise Taxes Accruing After Appointment

Michigan Law Review

General business conditions of the last three years have made the field of receivership law an extremely interesting and important one to that portion of the bar which has been picking up the pieces left by the debacle of 1929. The widespread liquidation and dissolution of great business organizations has been effected in large part through the medium of the receivership. One of the more difficult problems arising in connection with such receiverships has been the liability of the receiver for franchise taxes. Such taxes have been held to be not property levies but excises on the privilege to carry …


Equity- Constitutional Law - Power Of Legislature To Change Equitable Doctrines Mar 1932

Equity- Constitutional Law - Power Of Legislature To Change Equitable Doctrines

Michigan Law Review

A Nebraska statute provided that in case of insolvency of a state bank the general depositors, subject to prior liens for taxes, have a first lien on all assets of the bank. A bank converted a note deposited for a special purpose, and indistinguishably mingled the proceeds with the general assets of the bank before insolvency. The deposit was held to have created a trust and the cestui was allowed to recover the amount of the note (trust fund) as a preferred claim upon the general assets of the bank. To the argument that this statute prohibited the imposition of …


Trusts -Tracing Of Assets - Preference Jan 1932

Trusts -Tracing Of Assets - Preference

Michigan Law Review

In State ex rel Sorenson v. Farmers' State Bank of Polk (Lindquist, Intervenor) the beneficiary of a trust fund converted by the bank, subsequently becoming insolvent, was allowed to resort to equity and recover the trust fund as a preferred claim against the general assets of the bank. The beneficiary deposited a promissory note in the sum of $4,500 in the bank for a special purpose and the bank, without authority, indistinguishably mingled the proceeds of this note with the general mass of bank assets. The amount of actual cash on hand when the insolvent bank was taken over by …


Corporations - Power To Dispose Of Realty Dec 1931

Corporations - Power To Dispose Of Realty

Michigan Law Review

A cattle company, authorized by its charter to deal only in live stock, was in possession of three tracts of land. Upon a decision of the stockholders and directors to dissolve, two of these tracts were sold outright. The third, being near a large city, was subdivided into city lots with streets, sidewalks, water, lights, etc., for the purpose of a more advantageous sale. This involved the expenditure of considerable sums of money, and at the end of four years some of the lots were still unsold. The corporation became insolvent and the receiver refused to pay the money borrowed …


Failed Banks, Collection Items, And Trust Preferences, George Gleason Bogert Mar 1931

Failed Banks, Collection Items, And Trust Preferences, George Gleason Bogert

Michigan Law Review

About 1,200 banks failed in the United States during the year 1930, and failures for the years 1921-1929 averaged over 600 a year. Each of these bank failures doubtless involved several problems regarding collection items. In each case it was almost inevitable that there should be found among the assets in the hands of the defunct bank several items held for collection but not yet collected, and also that a number of items should have been collected but no effective remittance made on account of such collection. There thus arose a series of controversies between the banks or individuals which …


Torts-Negligent Misrepresentation-Duty Arising From Contract To Persons Not Parties Mar 1931

Torts-Negligent Misrepresentation-Duty Arising From Contract To Persons Not Parties

Michigan Law Review

The defendants, accountants, examined the books of the Stern Co., knowing that their balance sheet and 32 certified copies would be exhibited as a basis for future credit, but not knowing of the plaintiff particularly. Through negligence they failed to discover and report insolvency. Relying upon the report showing a solvent concern plaintiff extended credit to the Stem Co. He sued for his loss in two counts, negligence and fraud. Held, defendants had no duty to plaintiff to exercise due care, so he can not recover for negligence in the examination. But defendants might be liable for fraud as …


Corporations-Dissolution-Distributi0n Of Assets Between Holders Of Fully And Partially Paid Stock Dec 1930

Corporations-Dissolution-Distributi0n Of Assets Between Holders Of Fully And Partially Paid Stock

Michigan Law Review

On the insolvency of the Commonwealth Hotel Construction Co. and after, the creditors had been paid in full, there were assets on hand for distribution among the stockholders. The holders of partially paid stock requested that the assets be distributed in proportion to the amounts which the various stockholders had paid in. This in effect meant that the losses were to be proportional to the amounts paid in, instead of being proportional to the amounts which the stockholders had contracted to pay, and was resisted by the holders of fully paid stock as being inequitable. The chancellor (after holding in …


Receivers-Penalties On Taxes Dec 1930

Receivers-Penalties On Taxes

Michigan Law Review

The recent case of McCormick v. Puritan Coal Mining Co. presents the question whether penalties and interest continue to accrue on delinquent taxes after the date of the appointment of a receiver. The court determined the question in the negative, supporting its decision by authorities which hold that interest does not ordinarily accrue on the debts of an insolvent after the date of the appointment of a receiver. The decision is directly contrary to the established rule that tax penalties and interest continue to accrue, notwithstanding the property has passed into the hands of a receiver.


Corporations-Dissolution-Distribution Of Assets Between Preferred And Common Stockholders Dec 1930

Corporations-Dissolution-Distribution Of Assets Between Preferred And Common Stockholders

Michigan Law Review

The Commonwealth Hotel Construction Co. became insolvent, and, after the creditors had been paid in full, the preferred and common stockholders disagreed to the distribution of the remaining assets. The articles of incorporation provided that the holders of preferred stock should be entitled to dividends at the rate of seven per centum per annum which should be cumulative "so that, if dividends for any past dividend period at the rate of seven per centum per annum shall not have been paid thereon or set apart therefor, the deficiency shall be fully paid or set apart, but without interest, before any …