Antitrust and Trade Regulation Commons^™

Reconstruction Of Competition Law: Preventing Monopolization Through Data Exploitation In E-Commerce, Diana Fitriana

Indonesia Law Review

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis nilai big data dan implikasinya terhadap monopoli usaha, mengkaji perbandingan hukum persaingan usaha dan mengkaji kelemahan hukum persaingan usaha Indonesia, serta menganalisis rekonstruksi hukum Undang-Undang Larangan Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif (doktrinal) dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui kajian pustaka, analisis isi, dan studi kasus. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk menghasilkan informasi yang komprehensif dan menarik simpulan yang relevan. Big data memiliki kapasitas untuk memicu perilaku monopoli karena mencerminkan permintaan pasar konsumen. Namun, regulasi persaingan di Indonesia kurang dalam …

Mogok Kerja Tenaga Medis: Problematika Pada Uu Ketenagakerjaan Dan Pilihan Model Pengaturannya, Rama Agung

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

The issue of healthcare workers' strikes remains complex in terms of regulatory frameworks. On one hand, there is a conflict of interest between public interest in access to healthcare services and, on the other, the Labor Law, which regards the right to strike as a fundamental right of workers, integral to collective bargaining. This paper examines the challenges in regulating healthcare workers' strikes by analyzing Article 139 of the Labor Law and exploring regulatory models that support the provision of high-quality healthcare services. The findings highlight several key points. First, Article 139 of the Labor Law does not yet provide …

Penggunaan Metode Socrates Dalam Mengembangkan Pendidikan Tinggi Hukum Di Indonesia, Syarifah Lisa Andriati, Inneke Kiki Rizki, Ain Najwa Binti Mohd Malian

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

The ability to think critically and have the ability as a problem solver is needed in higher education Law in Indonesia. One of the methods used is the Socratic Method. Critical thinking is one of the aspects that law students must have to improve their ability as problem solvers. This research was conducted to contribute that the application of the Socratic method is effective to be applied in the learning process of higher education in Indonesia, as well as to provide evaluation and knowledge about the challenges and obstacles that will be faced in the process of applying the Socratic …

Tapera: Melindungi Hak Atas Tempat Tinggal Atau Mengancam Kehidupan Yang Layak, Elizabeth Jeneva Samuella, Ida Susanti

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

This study examines the People's Housing Savings (TAPERA) policy in the context of protecting the right to adequate housing and its impact on the decent living conditions of workers. Under TAPERA regulations, all workers are required to set aside a portion of their salary, including those who already own a home. While this policy aims to improve access to adequate housing, it raises questions about its impact on purchasing power and the fulfillment of other basic needs. The study employs an interdisciplinary approach using socio-legal methods to evaluate whether the mandatory TAPERA contributions can be considered a violation of the …

Lahirnya Tensi Metafisik Di Urat-Leher Projek-Projek Interpretasi Konstruktif, Herman Bakir, Mukhtasar Syamsuddin

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

This project is a legal hermeneutics. The aim is to elaborate the paradigm of the law as integrity theory, Ronald Dworkin’s work, which has received recognition as one of the most influential philosophical systems in the world of law throughout the last century. The issues discussed are divided into three subjects: (1) the interpretation role in legitimizing “law” as a corpus that has a “soul”; (2) a concept of interpretation from the womb of the law as integrity theory; (3) the dual capacity of “constructive interpretation” in [a] “returning” law to its roots; and [b] housing “morals” within the body …

Entire Issue Vol. 14 No. 4

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

Vol 14(4)

Kilka Uwag O Aktualnych Zjawiskach I Problemach Na Rynku Finansowym Oraz Ochronie Konsumenta I Jej Egzekwowaniu, Edyta Rutkowska-Tomaszewska

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

From the lead editor.

Konsumenckie Usługi Finansowe W Świetle Najnowszego Orzecznictwa Sądów Polskich (Wybrane Przykłady), Edyta Rutkowska-Tomaszewska, Marta Fabiszewska

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

This study contains an overview of Polish case law and aims to present selected judgments of common courts and the Supreme Court issued between 2023 and 2025 concerning the enforcement of consumer protection laws in the financial services market, in the most ‘active’ areas of recent times that are of relevance to legal practice. It presents judgments relating to four main issues, i.e. so-called free credit sanctions, unauthorised payment transactions, mortgage loans linked to foreign currencies, and loans where the interest rate mechanism is based on the WIBOR index.

Systemy Ochrony Instytucjonalnej W Sektorze Bankowym – W Świetle Rozporządzenia Crr, Rozdziału 10a Prawa Bankowego Oraz Regulacji Banków Spółdzielczych, Marta Stepniewska

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

This article is devoted to a discussion of the Institutional Protection Scheme (IPS) model, in the context of both EU and national legislation. The following sections discuss the legal and economic aspects of IPS. The largest such system in Europe – the German savings bank system – is used as the main example in the paper, while the comparative analysis also covered models from Italy, Austria and Spain.

With regard to Polish law, analyzed in detail were self-help mechanisms in the sector of cooperative banks, in operation since 2015, which represent modern solutions for the protection of solvency and liquidity …

Diskursus Kriminalisasi Pemidanaan Terhadap Pemberi Gratifikasi, Muhammad Fatahillah Akbar

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

This article aims to examine the legal basis to prosecute gratifiers in Indonesian Corruption Justice System. Samin Tan as the giver of gratification to Eni Maulani Saragih had been acquitted by the Corruption Court of Jakarta Decision Number 37/Pid.Sus-TPK/2021/PN.Jkt.Pst on 30^th August 2021. Then, the Cassation to Supreme Court had also been rejected by Supreme Court Decision Number 2205 K/Pid.sus/2022 on 9^th June, 2022. Hence, Samin Tan stays acquitted. The decision majorly focuses on the “absence” of law which criminalizes gratifiers or gratification givers. Therefore, this article elaborates how similar cases shall be handled in the future. In …

The Mansion That Disney Built: Revitalizing Antitrust Enforcement In The Film Industry, Drew Chandler

BYU Law Review

The Paramount Decrees, for over sixty years, barred the major film studios from anticompetitive practices like vertical integration and block-booking. The Department of Justice’s decision to sunset the Decrees in 2020 came prematurely, with the movie industry today rocked by major mergers, the advent of streaming, the pandemic, lessened output due to industry strikes, and changing consumer tastes. True, the industry has changed since 1948, but those very changes call for regulatory intervention to avoid repeating the problems of the past.

For example, Disney’s recent merger and acquisition activity, together with the dominance of its in-house streaming service Disney+, is …

Pojęcie Konsumenta Na Gruncie Art. 22(1) Kodeksu Cywilnego – Dylematy De Lege Lata I Postulaty De Lege Ferenda, Maria Rożnowska

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

The publication presents difficulties in determining the meaning of the legal definition of the term “consumer” given in Article 22¹ of the Civil Code. The article also attempts to answer the question whether in this area, where the meaning of the above definition is not in doubt, this scope is optimal for the needs of economic turnover. The discussion is concluded with de lege ferenda postulates regarding the definition of the term ‘consumer’ contained in the Civil Code.

Sankcja Kredytu Darmowego Jako Skutek Ryzyka Braku Zgodności W Zakresie Kontraktowych Obowiązków Informacyjnych W Umowach Kredytu Konsumenckiego – Kilka Wybranych Uwag Na Tle Interpretacji Art. 45 Ustawy O Kredycie Konsumenckim, Edyta Rutkowska-Tomaszewska

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

Wynikająca z art. 45 u.k.k. sankcja kredytu darmowego (dalej: SKD) niesie za sobą duże ryzyko dla kredytodawców (tzw. ryzyko braku zgodności) za naruszenie kontraktowych obowiązków informacyjnych w umowach kredytu konsumenckiego. Jest obecnie niezwykle żywotnym i doniosłym na rynku konsumenckich usług kredytowych problemem tak dla praktyki rynkowej (kredytodawców), jak i dla wymiaru sprawiedliwości oraz organów ochrony konsumenta (szczególnie Rzecznika Finansowego i Prezesa UOKiK), z uwagi na masowe dochodzenie roszczeń z nią związanych. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest dokonanie analizy art. 45 u.k.k. pod kątem możliwej wykładni tego przepisu i udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie: czy naruszenie przez kredytodawcę wszystkich wskazanych w art. 45 …

Ryzyko Braku Zgodności Instytucji Pożyczkowych W Polsce, Magdalena Paleczna-Sareńcza

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

Compliance risk is one of the types of risks that is becoming increasingly visible in the activities of financial institutions. Compliance risk arises as a result of an entity's failure to comply with applicable laws, supervisory guidelines, internal regulations, or market standards that apply to activities conducted on the financial market. This type of risk also occurs in the activities of lending institutions, particularly in the area of consumer lending. Non-compliance is evident at every stage of credit procedures, as indicated by an analysis of irregularities in the activities of lending institutions. The aim of this article is to present …

Kredyt Konsumpcyjny Jako Źródło Finansowania Potrzeb Gospodarstw Domowych W Polsce I Wybranych Krajach Unii Europejskiej W Świetle Wyników Badania Własnego, Patrycja Szurek

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

The consumer is one of the most important entities on the financial market, engaging in a variety of purchase and sale transactions with entrepreneurs. Consumer behavior depends on many internal and external factors that shape their perceived needs. Among the situations that have a particular impact on consumer behavior in the financial market, are crises affecting the overall economy. In recent years, the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has had a particularly significant impact on the consumer, significantly changing the functioning of the consumer in the market. The consumer has become much more cautious and discouraged from any …

Zasada Minimalizacji A Zakres Wymiany Danych Ubezpieczeniowych Klienta W Projekcie Rozporządzenia W Sprawie Ram Dostępu Do Danych Finansowych (Fida), Bartosz Bigaj

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

The purpose of the article is to critically assess the provisions on the scope of customer financial data exchange contained in the draft Financial Data Access Framework Regulation (FIDA) published by the EC on June 28, 2023, in the context of the principle of minimalism regulated by the GDPR Regulation. The author focuses on the potential benefits and risks of sharing customer information in the insurance market, including consumers in particular. The article provides a general analysis of the concepts of “open finance,” “open banking” and “open insurance,” as well as the principle of data minimalism from the RODO. Due …

Pembuktian Sederhana Dalam Proses Kepailitan Terhadap Perusahaan Pengembang Pasca Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2023, Maya Iswandi

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

After the issuance of Sema No. 3/2023, there were various pros and cons to its implementation. This is because the sema has limited and in quotes has protected development companies from bankruptcy proceedings. Sema No. 3/2023 provides immunity to development companies from bankruptcy because they are deemed not to meet the simple proof that must be met in the bankruptcy process. This provision seems to deny the judicial system that should determine the evidence in a case. This certainly causes degradation of legal certainty and consumer protection. Therefore, this research will discuss simple proof in development companies after the …

“Sport-Extortion:” Causes, Consequences, And Solutions, Jack Berger

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

The modern U.S. stadium-development model enables “sport-extortion,” a phenomenon in which franchise owners leverage artificial scarcity, antitrust carve-outs, and credible relocation threats to extract public subsidies that deliver negligible public benefits. Owners use the league’s monopoly power and superior negotiating leverage to pit cities against one another and extract public money for new stadiums or upgrades to their existing stadiums. The owners and community leaders who support using public money to finance these projects promise huge economic returns and development for their communities. However, a survey of the empirical literature and examination of recently approved stadium projects reveal that these …

Greenhat’S Greenlight To The Cftc: The Case For A Jurisdictional Shift Of Financial Transmission Rights From The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission To The Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Timothy K. Shaw Ii

DePaul Business & Commercial Law Journal

Regional Transmission Organizations and Independent System Operators are a relatively new platform to buy and sell wholesale electricity and transmission service of that electricity. These groundbreaking organizations have been around since 1996 after the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”) issued Order 888. FERC regulates the physical electricity wholesale sale and transmission service market managed by a Regional Transmission Organization (“RTO”) or Independent System Operator (“ISO”),through its Federal Power Act mandate. Many RTOs and ISOs offer a product called a Financial Transmission Right (“FTR”). Traditionally, FTRs assist the holder by providing price certainty, or a hedge, in the capacity market. This …

Choosing The Best Entity For Investments Trading After Understanding The Tax Limitations And Restrictions, Ray A. Knight, Joseph Lakatos

DePaul Business & Commercial Law Journal

The trading of various securities is subject to market rules. However, when securities trading is completed within a business entity, the entity is subject to tax limitations and restrictions. The tax benefits cannot be the dominant purpose for the entity structure; economic substance including profit motive and business purpose for each transaction must be able to be shown.

The trading of investment securities must be housed in the right entity to gain the best economic results as well as to minimize the tax burden. The entity selection process must first consider the characteristics and nature of the securities (e.g., currencies, …

Volume 23 - Front Matter

DePaul Business & Commercial Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Ai And Emerging Technologies: A Path To Sustainability? Navigating Legal And Regulatory Challenges, Magdalena Porzeżyńska, Marek Porzeżyński

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

Editorial

Assessing Standardisation Initiatives From The European Data Strategy’S Perspective: A Systematic Review, Nicola M.F. Faraone

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

The paper seeks to provide for an overview of the most relevant European legislative initiatives related to the process of standardization at EU level. While a specific emphasis will be devoted to the AI Act and the Open Banking/Open Finance framework, also the most recent regulation together with the connected European soft law will be addressed.

Turkey’S Recent E-Commerce Amendments: A Critical Comparison With The Eu Digital Markets Act, Kaan Kocabas, Jurgita Malinauskaite

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

Recent regulatory reforms in Turkey aim to address the competitive risks posed by dominant digital platforms, particularly concerning data exploitation, self-preferencing, and discriminatory conduct. Rather than introducing a standalone competition law instrument, Turkey amended its Law on the Regulation of Electronic Commerce to embed competition-related obligations, raising questions about the consistency and coherence of enforcement. This article analyses the legal and institutional implications of these amendments, critically comparing Turkey’s approach with the European Union’s Digital Markets Act (DMA). It argues that while the Turkish amendments reflect global regulatory trends, the lack of a dedicated competition framework risks creating enforcement conflicts …

The 'Pay-Or-Consent' Model And Competition Policy: A Case Comment On The European Commission’S Decision Against Meta Under The Digital Markets Act, Arletta M. Gorecka

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

This case comment analyses the European Commission’s first non-compliance decision under the Digital Markets Act (DMA), focusing on Meta’s “pay-orconsent” model and its incompatibility with Article 5(2). The Commission held that Meta failed to provide users with a genuinely equivalent, privacy-protective alternative to behavioural advertising, thereby undermining the voluntariness of consent and commodifying user data in violation of DMA standards. The comment situates the ruling within broader EU regulatory trends, highlighting parallels with Apple’s infringement of Article 5(4) DMA and the Commission’s emerging outcomes-oriented enforcement approach. It argues that these decisions jointly clarify gatekeeper obligations, expand the meaning of “free …

Fide 2025: Eu Digital Economy: General Framework (Dsa/Dma) And Specialised Regimes With Follow-Up Considerations On “Regional Gatekeepers”, Kamil Dobosz

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

No abstract provided.

Excessive Data Collection In An Ecosystem As An Exploitative And Exclusionary Abuse: A Critical Analysis Of The Cci’S Order Against Whatsapp’S Privacy Policy And Its Impact On The Digital Advertising Market, Reuben Philip Abraham Mr.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

The interface between privacy and competition law has been a complicated topic in the past decade. The Facebook case by the German competition authority, the Bundeskartellamt (BK) was the first landmark case to investigate an exploitative abuse in this interface. The WhatsApp’s 2021 privacy policy update prompted the Competition Commission of India (CCI) to initiate a suo moto investigation against WhatsApp/Meta regarding the anti-competitive effects of imposing a ‘take-it or leave-it’ agreement on consumers.

In the WhatsApp case, the CCI has pushed the boundaries further in this interface by investigating exclusionary abuses regarding excessive data collection in an ecosystem. This …

Cybersecurity, Resilience And Sustainability: Evaluating The Role Of Public-Private Partnerships, Katarzyna Chojecka

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

This article explores the role of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in enhancing cybersecurity as a component of sustainable and resilient development. It argues that cybersecurity is not only vital for digital transformation and economic growth but also closely aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, particularly through its emphasis on resilient infrastructure. The paper offers a legal and policy-oriented analysis of how PPPs can strengthen cybersecurity capabilities by leveraging the combined resources and expertise of governments, businesses, and civil society. The Polish case is also studied and analysed through “PW Cyber" program which exemplifies a local cybersecurity PPP model. The article …

Table Of Contents

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

No abstract provided.

“Shaping Academic Teaching At The Crossroads Of Ethics And Artificial Intelligence”, Workshop At Warsaw University Of Technology, Warsaw, 25 September 2024, Julia Braniewska, Bartłomiej Skowron

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

This document is a report on the workshop, “Shaping Academic Teaching at the Crossroads of Ethics and Artificial Intelligence”, which formed a component of the “Ethics and AI” conference hosted by Warsaw University of Technology.