Antitrust and Trade Regulation Commons^™

Shifting The Burden On Pay-For-Delay Challenges: Analyzing Ab 824’S Effects On Reverse Payment Settlements And Drug Costs, Kevin Wallentine

Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review

Antitrust scholars and agencies have recognized the anticompetitive impact of reverse payment settlements—in which branded and generic drug companies settle patent disputes, typically by delaying the entry of generics into the market. Despite clear competition concerns, these settlements are typically subject to a rule of reason analysis that puts the burden on enforcers and plaintiffs to prove their anticompetitive harms. Recent California legislation—AB 824—shifts the burden to the settling drug companies to prove their arrangement is not anticompetitive. AB 824 presents an opportunity for advocates of lower drug costs but still faces hurdles and shortfalls. This Note examines the efficacy …

Myth, Manipulation, And Minor League Baseball: How A Capitalist Democracy Engenders Income Inequality, Phillip J. Closius, Joseph S. Stephan

University of Cincinnati Law Review

No abstract provided.

Enough Is As Good As A Feast, Noah C. Chauvin

Seattle University Law Review

Ipse Dixit, the podcast on legal scholarship, provides a valuable service to the legal community and particularly to the legal academy. The podcast’s hosts skillfully interview guests about their legal and law-related scholarship, helping those guests communicate their ideas clearly and concisely. In this review essay, I argue that Ipse Dixit has made a major contribution to legal scholarship by demonstrating in its interview episodes that law review articles are neither the only nor the best way of communicating scholarly ideas. This contribution should be considered “scholarship,” because one of the primary goals of scholarship is to communicate new ideas.

In-House Counsel Roundtable: Competition And Other Issues In A Pandemic Environment, Karen Hoffman Lent, Gabrielle Kohlmeier, Lutinski Lutinski, Rob Mahini, Suzanne Wachsstock

Fordham Competition Law Institute

No abstract provided.

Plenary Networking Event And Fireside Chat, James Keyte, Frédéric Jenny

Fordham Competition Law Institute

No abstract provided.

Welcome And Keynote Address, James Keyte

Fordham Competition Law Institute

No abstract provided.

Plenary Networking Event And Fireside Chat, James Keyte, William Kovacic, Barry E. Hawk

Fordham Competition Law Institute

No abstract provided.

Panel 2: Merger Issues — A Global Perspective, Josh Soven, Isabelle De Silva, Daniel Francis, D. Bruce Hoffman, Axel Schulz

Fordham Competition Law Institute

No abstract provided.

Panel 1: Tech, Platform, And Privacy — What The Future Holds, Renata Hesse, Cani Fernández, Bernard (Barry) Nigro, Jr., Sean Royall, Koren Wong-Ervin

Fordham Competition Law Institute

No abstract provided.

Welcome And Keynote Address, James Keyte

Fordham Competition Law Institute

No abstract provided.

Panel 2: Understanding Network Effects In The Platform Context, Mike Cragg, Rosa Abrantes-Metz, Evan Chesler, Lars Kjølbye, Kai-Uwe Kühn

Fordham Competition Law Institute

No abstract provided.

Panel 1: Econometrics And Modeling For Mergers Globally, Renée Duplantis, Konstantin Ebinger, Thorsten Mäger, Loren Smith, Justin Stewart-Teitelbaum

Fordham Competition Law Institute

No abstract provided.

Heads Of Authority Q&A, James Keyte, Andrea Coscelli, Isabelle De Silva, Cani Fernández, Olivier Guersent, Margarida Matos Rosa, Gabriella Muscolo, Christine Wilson

Fordham Competition Law Institute

No abstract provided.

Welcome And Opening Remarks; Conflicting Decisions In Pharmaceutical Class Certification, James Keyte, George Korenko, Jeffrey C. Bank, Justin Bernick, Danielle R. Foley, Tram Nguyen

Fordham Competition Law Institute

No abstract provided.

Challenges To The Conventional Wisdom About Mergers And Consumer Welfare In A Converging Internet Marketplace, Rob Frieden

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

Equitable Defenses In Patent Law, Christa J. Laser

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

In patent law, “unenforceability” can have immense consequences. At least five equitable doctrines make up the defense of “unenforceability” as it was codified into the Patent Act in 1952: laches; estoppel; unclean hands; patent misuse; and according to some, inequitable conduct. Yet in the seventy years since incorporation of equitable defenses into the patent statute, the Supreme Court has not clarified their reach. Indeed, twice in the last four years, the Supreme Court avoided giving complete guidance on the crucial questions of whether, and when, such equitable defenses are available to bar damages in cases brought at law.

Several interpretive …

A False Sense Of Security: How Congress And The Sec Are Dropping The Ball On Cryptocurrency, Tessa E. Shurr

Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)

Today, companies use blockchain technology and digital assets for a variety of purposes. This Comment analyzes the digital token. If the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) views a digital token as a security, then the issuer of the digital token must comply with the registration and extensive disclosure requirements of federal securities laws.

To determine whether a digital asset is a security, the SEC relies on the test that the Supreme Court established in SEC v. W.J. Howey Co. Rather than enforcing a statute or agency rule, the SEC enforces securities laws by applying the Howey test on a fact-intensive …

Antitrust Changeup: How A Single Antitrust Reform Could Be A Home Run For Minor League Baseball Players, Jeremy Ulm

Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)

In 1890, Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act to protect competition in the marketplace. Federal antitrust law has developed to prevent businesses from exerting unfair power on their employees and customers. Specifically, the Sherman Act prevents competitors from reaching unreasonable agreements amongst themselves and from monopolizing markets. However, not all industries have these protections.

Historically, federal antitrust law has not governed the “Business of Baseball.” The Supreme Court had the opportunity to apply antitrust law to baseball in Federal Baseball Club, Incorporated v. National League of Professional Baseball Clubs; however, the Court held that the Business of Baseball was not …

All Bets Are Off: Preempting Major League Baseball’S Monopoly On Sports Betting Data, Beatrice Lucas

Washington Law Review

Major League Baseball is in the process of collectivizing data used in sports betting. This could be exempt from antitrust scrutiny if the conduct falls within the “business of baseball.” Such an exemption raises the question of whether collecting official league data is sufficiently attenuated from the “business of baseball” to be subject to antitrust law, and if so, whether MLB violates the Sherman Act by excluding competitors from the league data market. This Comment makes a two-fold argument. First, it argues that the “business of baseball” should be constrained to cover activities directly linked to putting on baseball games. …

Time For Change: How Google's Anticompetitive Conduct Reveals The Deficiencies Of Modern Antitrust Regulation, Benjamin Clay Hughes

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

The note examines the divergent approaches of U.S. and EU antitrust regulations in addressing anticompetitive conduct by tech giants, such as Microsoft and Google. It highlights how the EU has adopted a more aggressive and proactive stance in enforcing antitrust laws, whereas the U.S. has taken a more cautious approach. The analysis underscores the challenges of regulating digital platforms and the need for streamlined procedures to address anticompetitive practices effectively.

Antitrust Regulation And The Federal-State Balance: Restoring The Original Design, Alan J. Meese

Faculty Publications

The U.S. Constitution divides authority over commerce between states and the national government. Passed in 1890, the Sherman Act (“the Act”) reflects this allocation of power, reaching only those harmful agreements that are “in restraint of... commerce among the several States.” This Article contends that the Supreme Court erred when it radically altered the balance between state and national power over trade restraints in 1948, abruptly abandoning decades of precedent recognizing exclusive state authority over most intrastate restraints. This revised construction of the Act contravened the statute’s apparent meaning, unduly expanded the reach of federal antitrust regulation, and undermined the …

On-Demand Drivers And The Right To Collective Bargaining: Why Seattle's Ordinance Does Not Violate Federal Antitrust Laws, Jacob Aleknavicius

Chicago-Kent Law Review

No abstract provided.

Report On The “Annual Conference On European Consumer Law 2020”, Era, Trier, 8–9 October 2020, Anna Urbanek

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

No abstract provided.

Legal Aspects Of Consumer Protection And Responsibility For Damages In The Context Of Autonomous Cars, Lena Helińska, Bartosz Paczocha, Arkadiusz Piskorz

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

The popularization of autonomous cars will result in the emergence of hitherto unknown factual situations, in which the relationship between consumers and producers or sellers will play an important role. This article examines these relationships, with a particular emphasis on the responsibility of producers. Problems that could be linked to the fifth (highest) level of automation are analyzed in relation to the existing legal framework in terms of freedoms, information requirements, warranty for defects, tort liability and strict liability. The aim is to identify possible areas where the current regulations would be insufficient. The above-mentioned issues lead to the conclusion …

The Economic Value Of Personal Data And Consumer (User) Protection On Online Platforms, Jan J. Zygmuntowski, Blanka Wawrzyniak

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

The subject of this commentary is an in-depth analysis of the ruling of the District Administrative Court issued in relation to the decision of the Italian antitrust authority (Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato) imposing a fine of EUR 10 million on Facebook in relation to the entrepreneur’s violation of consumer law. The study focuses on the economic value of personal data, as well as on the ability of digital companies to commercialize and exploit the data. The Authors’ reflections are based on the analysis of EU and national regulations along with the latest legislative changes to the data-related …

Non-Conforming Declarations Of Performance On Construction Products As A Misleading Practice Relating To Product Performance – Discussion Based On Polish Regulator’S Decision Of 4 October 2019 (Dozik-6/2019), Aleksandra Wędrychowska-Karpińska

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

The article discusses the decision of the Polish competition and consumer protection authority (Prezes UOKiK) of 4 October 2019 (DOZiK-6/2019) regarding the unfair commercial practice of marketing certain construction products (XPS foam boards) that do not have declared performance characteristics. The way the decision was argued shows when Prezes UOKiK, as the horizontal competition and consumer protection authority, intervenes in cases which are, or have been, dealt with in parallel by sectorial regulators (such as the building supervision inspectors, whether provincial or the Chief Building Supervision Inspector), using public documents collected by them. The article discusses how to construe the …

The Use Of Personalised Prices In The Light Of The Amendment To Directive 2011/83/Eu On Consumer Rights And Regulation 2016/679 (Gdpr), Iga Małobęcka-Szwast

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

With the increasing availability of consumer personal data, advanced pricing algorithms and the rise of e-commerce, the widespread use of personalised pricing by traders seems to be a matter of time. Directive 2019/2161, although allows the use of personalised prices, makes the legality of this practice conditional, in particular, on the fulfilment of new information obligations and compliance with the provisions of the GDPR, including the rights of data subjects contained therein. Both Directive 2019/2161 and the GDPR guarantee consumers a package of rights that are designed to counteract information asymmetry between the trader and the consumer, and enable the …

Shaping And Controlling Of Consumer Credit Costs According To The Latest Judgments Of The Court Of Justice Of The European Union, Dominika Rogoń

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

In the study, the author discusses the conclusions of the judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union in cases: C-621/17, C-779/18, C 224/19 and C-259/19, C-84/19 and C-222/19 and C-252/19 concerning the shaping and control of the cost of consumer credit.

Dieselgate And The Legal Consequences Of The Manipulation Of Air Pollution Emissions, Zofia Mazur

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

The subject of the present article is the analysis of the well-known ‘Dieselgate’ affair, which has involved Volkswagen. The scandal in question concerns the installation of software (‘defeat device’) to manipulate the results of emissions tests that in fact did not corresponded to the values declared in the approval certificates of vehicles produced by Volkswagen. In addition, through advertising campaigns, Volkswagen promoted its car models as particularly environmental friendly, illegally using environmental and green claims. These activities of the German car manufacturer led to many legal actions both in Europe and in the United States. The aim of the article …

Remedies For Lack Of Conformity Of The Digital Content Or Digital Services With The Contract, Klaudia Koman

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

Directive 2019/770, adopted on 20 May 2019, focuses on the rights and obligations of parties contracting for the supply of digital content or digital services. Member States shall implement the EU act into their domestic legal systems by 01 July 2021. Until the publication of the proposal for the Directive, digital content and digital services were not extensively regulated in most Member States. Providing real consumer protection while buying digital content or digital services depends on the correct interpretation of the provisions of Directive 2019/770. Therefore, this article focuses on the analysis of the key issues of the Directive, namely …