Antitrust and Trade Regulation Commons^™

The Politics Of Professionalism: Reappraising Occupational Licensure And Competition Policy, Sandeep Vaheesan, Frank A. Pasquale

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Group Litigation As An Instrument Of Competition Law Enforcement – Analysis Based On European, French And Polish Experience, Maciej Gac

Monografie CARS/CARS Monographs

Książka zawiera szczegółową analizę europejskiego systemu egzekwowania prawa konkurencji. Jej celem jest stworzenie bazy teoretycznej dla udzielenia odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: (i) jak stworzyć bardziej skuteczny system stosowania prawa konkurencji w Europie; (ii) jak zmniejszyć problemy poszkodowanych jednostek żądających odszkodowania; (iii) jak zapewnić równowagę między publicznymi i prywatnymi metodami egzekwowania prawa konkurencji.

W tym celu książka koncentruje się na mechanizmie sporów zbiorowych, który jest, zdaniem autora, brakującym ogniwem w europejskim systemie egzekwowania prawa konkurencji i stanowi kluczowy wymóg ustanowienia nowoczesnego i skutecznego systemu egzekwowania prawa konkurencji. Poprzez porównanie różnych podejść do sporów zbiorowych (europejskiego i amerykańskiego) i przez odniesienie do …

Aggregated Royalties For Top-Down Frand Determinations: Revisiting "Joint Negotiation", Jorge L. Contreras

Utah Law Faculty Scholarship

In an environment in which widely-adopted technical standards may each be covered by large numbers of patents, there have been increasing calls for courts to determine “fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory” (FRAND) royalties payable to holders of standardsessential patents (SEPs) using “top-down” methodologies. Top-down royalty approaches begin with the aggregate royalty that should be payable with respect to all SEPs covering a particular standard, and then allocate a portion of the total to individual SEPs. Top-down approaches avoid many drawbacks associated with bottom-up approaches in which royalties for individual SEPs are assessed, often in an inconsistent and piecemeal manner, without regard …

Innovation And Reverse Payments, Ramsi A. Woodcock

Florida State University Law Review

Settlements of patent litigation between branded and generic drug makers that include a promise by the generic maker to stay out of the market, sometimes in exchange for a ‘reverse’ payment, increase the profits of drug makers at the expense of consumers. Some commentators argue that drug makers will invest these profits in innovation, ultimately making consumers better off. Drug market data suggest, however, that the resulting gains to consumers may still be insufficient to offset consumer losses from delayed access to generics. Even when innovation is taken into account, antitrust can most efficiently eliminate the risk of consumer harm …

Peeling Back The Student Privacy Pledge, Alexi Pfeffer-Gillett

Scholarly Articles

Education software is a multi-billion dollar industry that is rapidly growing. The federal government has encouraged this growth through a series of initiatives that reward schools for tracking and aggregating student data. Amid this increasingly digitized education landscape, parents and educators have begun to raise concerns about the scope and security of student data collection.

Industry players, rather than policymakers, have so far led efforts to protect student data. Central to these efforts is the Student Privacy Pledge, a set of standards that providers of digital education services have voluntarily adopted. By many accounts, the Pledge has been a success. …

Sharing Economy Meets The Sherman Act: Is Uber A Firm, A Cartel, Or Something In Between?, Mark Anderson

Articles

The sharing economy is a new industrial structure that is made possible by instantaneous internet communication and changes in the life, work, and purchasing habits of individual entrepreneurs and consumers. Antitrust law is an economic regulatory scheme dating back to 1890 in the United States that is designed to address centrally controlled concentrations of economic power and the threats that those concentrations pose to consumer interests and economic efficiency. In order to accommodate a modern enterprise structure in which thousands or millions of independent contractors join forces to provide a service by agreement among themselves, antitrust law requires re-envisioning and …

Use Case Product Markets And The Spirit Of Reasonable Interchangeability, Denis Hurley

Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy

This Note posits that a single product with multiple, non-reasonably interchangeable use cases can function like multiple products, exchanged in multiple product markets, for purposes of assessing antitrust liability.

In antitrust law, individual product markets are defined by the principle of reasonable interchangeability (or substitutability). Where a single product has multiple uses that are not reasonably interchangeable, the use cases should define the product market. The lay concept of what constitutes a single product is not applicable to antitrust law when a single product has multiple, non-reasonably interchangeable use cases. As a result, antitrust liability should attach where a seller …

The Ultimate Fighting Championship And Zuffa: From ‘Human Cock-Fighting' To Market Power, Carl J. Gaul Iv

American University Business Law Review

No abstract provided.

Implementation Of The Eu Damages Directive In Central And Eastern European Countries, Anna Piszcz

Monografie CARS/CARS Monographs

Ukazała się właśnie w wersji papierowej (i będzie tylko w wersji papierowej) 24. publikacja CARS z serii „Textbooks and Monographs” pt. Implementation of the EU Damages Directive in Central and Eastern European Countries. Edited by Anna Piszcz, Warsaw 2017, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Management Press. Książka zawiera raporty z implementacji tzw. Dyrektywy Odszkodowawczej przez wszystkie 11 państw członkowskich UE z Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej (Bułgarię, Chorwację, Czechy, Estonię, Litwę, Łotwę, Polskę, Rumunię, Słowację, Słowenię i Węgry). Książkę można nabyć w Księgarni Wydziałowej Tomasz Biel, PL – 02-678 Warszawa, ul. Szturmowa 3; tel. (+48) 22 822-90-42; fax (+48) 22 …

Ocena Siły Rynkowej Przedsiębiorcy W Nadzorze Nad Horyzontalnymi Koncentracjami Przedsiębiorców, Dariusz Aziewicz

Monografie CARS/CARS Monographs

Książka jest pierwszą w Polsce publikacją traktującą wyłącznie o ocenie skutków ekonomicznych horyzontalnych koncentracji przedsiębiorców. Celem książki jest skonstruowanie modeli oceny skutków koncentracji, opartych o dostępna wiedzę ekonomiczna, a których stosowanie powinno w prowadzić do zwiększenia skuteczności nadzoru państwa nad tego typu operacjami gospodarczymi. Książka jest oparta o pracę doktorską obroniona z wyróżnieniem w Instytucie Nauk Prawno-Administracyjnych Wydziału Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.

Publikacja oparta jest w głównej mierze na ekonomicznej analizie prawa. Książka zawiera też elementy analizy prawno-porównawczej Polskiego porządku prawnego a także praw antymonopolowych Niemiec, Wielkiej Brytanii, Francji, Unii Europejskiej oraz USA. Konstruowane modele oceny skutków koncentracji podzielone …

Retooling The Intellectual Property-Antitrust Intersection: Insights From Behavioral Economics, 69 Baylor L. Rev. 124 (2017), Daryl Lim

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

This Article argues that courts should operationalize insights offered by behavioral economics in developing jurisprudence at the patent-antitrust interface.

I Dissent: The Federal Circuit’S “Great Dissenter,” Her Influence On The Patent Dialogue, And Why It Matters, 19 Vand. J. Ent. & Tech. 873 (2017), Daryl Lim

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

This Article is the first study to comprehensively explore the centrality of the patent dialogue at the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, the nation’s principal patent court from empirical, doctrinal, and policy perspectives. It offers several insights into how the Federal Circuit reaches consensus and when it does not, serving as a window into its inner workings, a reference to academics, judges, and attorneys alike. More broadly, this Article provides a template to study the “legal dialogue” of other judges at the Federal Circuit, those in other Circuits, as well as those in other areas of the law. …

Debating Employee Non-Competes And Trade Secrets, Sharon Sandeen, Elizabeth A. Rowe

Faculty Scholarship

Recently, a cacophony of concerns have been raised about the propriety of noncompetition agreements (NCAs) entered into between employers and employees, fueled by media reports of agreements which attempt to restrain low-wage and low-skilled workers, such as sandwich makers and dog walkers. In the lead-up to the passage of the federal Defend Trade Secrets Act of2016 (DTSA), public policy arguments in favor of employee mobility were strongly advocated by those representing the "California view" on the enforceability of NCAs, leading to a special provision of the DTSA that limits injunctive relief with respect to employee NCAs. Through our lens as …

The Courts' Interpretations Of Legitimate Business Purposes, With Applications To Lexmark, 16 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 411 (2017), W. Lesser

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

Courts frequently must assess 'intent'. This article applies to the interpretation the intent of "legitimate business purposes" as a justification for restrictive use licensing agreements for patented products. Generally, the 'first sale' doctrine terminates the use rights of the patent holder. However, if the sale is conditioned on some use limitations and violators of those terms are liable for infringement. The courts, suggested in Mitchell v. Hawley (1872) and formalized in Mallinckrodt v. Medipart (1992), have allowed use restrictions based on license terms. Restrictions are disallowed under the affirmative defense of patent invalidity, such as from an antitrust violation. This …

Insider Trading Flaw: Toward A Fraud-On-The-Market Theory And Beyond, Kenneth R. Davis

American University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Patents V. Antitrust: Preempting Conflict, Matthew G. Sipe

American University Law Review

No abstract provided.

How The United States Postal Service (Usps) Could Encourage More Local Economic Development, Randall K. Johnson

Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Troubled Waters Between U.S. And European Antitrust, D. Daniel Sokol

UF Law Faculty Publications

Antitrust is an important area of law and policy for most companies in the world. Having divergent rules across antitrust systems means that the same economic behavior may be treated differently depending on the jurisdiction, leading to disparate outcomes in which one jurisdiction finds illegal behavior (but the other does not) when the underlying behavior may be pro-competitive. This disparate set of outcomes creates a world in which the most stringent antitrust system may produce the global standard. As a result, if the antitrust rules applied are too rigid, they threaten to hurt consumers not merely in the jurisdiction where …

Understanding Online Markets And Antitrust Analysis, D. Daniel Sokol, Jingyuan Ma

UF Law Faculty Publications

Antitrust analysis of online markets is a hot topic around the world. In a number of jurisdictions, online markets already have been subject to antitrust review in merger or conduct cases. In other jurisdictions, these issues are in a nascent stage of policy. A number of lessons can be learned from the cases to date involving online markets with regard to optimal antitrust policy. What these cases tend to share are some basic features as to how online markets work. Some jurisdictions understand the particular dynamics of multi-sided online markets. Other competition authorities sometimes may misidentify these markets. This essay …

Untangling The Market And The State, Wentong Zheng

UF Law Faculty Publications

The government plays increasingly active and diversified roles in the modern economy. How to draw the boundary between the market and the state has emerged as a contentious issue in various areas of law, including constitutional law, antitrust, and international trade. This Article surveys and critiques the law’s current approaches to the market-versus-state divide, embodied in four tests based on ownership, control, function, and role, respectively. This Article proposes an alternative market-versus-state test based on the nature of the power being exercised in the challenged action. This power-based test not only better distinguishes between the market and the state, but …

Major League Soccer's Exceptionalism In Fifa's Transfer System: For How Much Longer?, Remo Decurtins

Marquette Sports Law Review

None

Not Everyone Qualifies: A Comparative Look At Antitrust Law And Nascar's Charter System, Tyler M. Helsel

Marquette Sports Law Review

None

Constraining Monitors, Veronica Root

Faculty Scholarship

Monitors oversee remediation efforts at dozens, if not hundreds, of institutions that are guilty of misconduct. The remediation efforts that the monitors of today engage in are, in many instances, quite similar to activities that were once subject to formal court oversight. But as the importance and power of monitors has increased, the court’s oversight of monitors and the agreements that most often result in monitorships has, at best, been severely diminished and, at worst, vanished altogether. Additionally, statutory efforts to provide formal guidance and restrictions on monitorships have stalled and published bar guidance has taken a nonbinding advisory form. …

Retooling The Intellectual Property-Antitrust Intersection: Insights From Behavioral Economics, Daryl Lim

Faculty Scholarly Works

This Article argues that courts should operationalize insights offered by behavioral economics in developing jurisprudence at the patent-antitrust interface.

I Dissent: The Federal Circuit's "Great Dissenter," Her Influence On The Patent Dialogue, And Why It Matters, Daryl Lim

Faculty Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

A Fair Stream: Recommendations For The Future Of Fair Trade Music, Ricardo Hernandez

Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law

Allied Business Intelligence research suggests that, by 2019, the music streaming industry will reach $46 billion in premium subscription revenues. As the music streaming industry grows, the creators of the musical content appear to be getting left behind. While there are a number of suggestions for why creators of musical content are not receiving their share of the pie, one thing is certain: a new business model is needed. This Note suggests that one possible way to ensure fairness in the music streaming supply chain is through applying the fair trade concept to the music streaming model. As such, this …

Innovation And Reverse Payments, Ramsi Woodcock

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

Settlements of patent litigation between branded and generic drug makers that include a promise by the generic maker to stay out of the market, sometimes in exchange for a ‘reverse’ payment, increase the profits of drug makers at the expense of consumers. Some commentators argue that drug makers will invest these profits in innovation, ultimately making consumers better off. Drug market data suggest, however, that the resulting gains to consumers may still be insufficient to offset consumer losses from delayed access to generics. Even when innovation is taken into account, antitrust can most efficiently eliminate the risk of consumer harm …

How Much Of Health Care Antitrust Is Really Antitrust?, Spencer Weber Waller

Faculty Publications & Other Works

No abstract provided.

The Craft Brewing Boom And Minnesota's Three-Tier System: The Case For Change, Jeffrey C. O'Brien

Mitchell Hamline Law Review

No abstract provided.

Blocking Home: Major League Baseball Settles Blackout Restriction Case; However, A Collision With Antitrust Laws Is Still Inevitable, William F. Saldutti Iv

Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports Law Journal (1994 - )

No abstract provided.