Antitrust and Trade Regulation Commons^™

Blood On The Tracks, Thomas D. Russell

Seattle University Law Review

Streetcars were the greatest American tortfeasors of the early twentieth century, injuring approximately one in 331 urban Americans in 1907. This empirical study presents never-before-assembled data concerning litigation involving streetcar companies in California during the early twentieth century.

This Article demonstrates the methodological folly of relying upon appellate cases to describe the world of trial court litigation. Few cases went to trial. Plaintiffs lost about half their lawsuits. When plaintiffs did win, they won very little money. Regarding the bite taken out of the street railway company, the Superior Court was a flea.

Professor Gary Schwartz and Judge Richard Posner …

Eliminating Cash Bail In Washington State—Amending Criminal Rule 3.2, Simran Kaur

Seattle University Law Review

This Note discusses the following three parts. Part I provides an overview of the cash bail system, its history, and its contemporary use in Washington state. Part II presents the effects of bail on pretrial release, analyzing low-income and racial inequalities and the adverse impacts it can have on the accused. Part III focuses on solutions and alternatives to the cash bail system, using other states as case studies.

Promoting Corporate Diversity: The Uncertain Role Of Institutional Investors, Jill Fisch

Seattle University Law Review

Two developments are having an impact on corporate decisions. One is the increased engagement by institutional intermediaries and a shift in the focus of that engagement from corporate governance to environmental and social issues. The other is a heightened societal awareness of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) issues, particularly the importance of diversity in corporate leadership. This Article considers the intersection between the two. It describes how institutional investors have focused their attention on increasing diversity in corporate leadership, the potential motivations for that focus, and the impact of that focus, to date. It highlights the tensions that result from …

America’S Hidden Citizens: The Untold Stories Of The Unconscionable Deportations Of Its International Adoptees, Halley Cody

Seattle University Law Review

This Note addresses how the U.S. should rectify the harms it has perpetrated on non-citizen adoptees by amending the current deportation statutes to prevent their deportation. Part I addresses the history of adoption in the U.S. and related effects on immigration law. Part II highlights the stories of Adam Crapser and Philip Clay, who were adopted by American families who failed to naturalize them as minors, and who were subsequently deported after they sustained criminal records. Part III examines the policy goals behind deportation as a consequence of criminal convictions, as well as remedies instituted to prevent unwarranted deportation and …

Inadequate Privacy: The Necessity Of Hipaa Reform In A Post-Dobbs World, Katherine Robertson

Seattle University Law Review

Part I of this Comment will provide an overview of HIPAA and the legal impacts of Dobbs. Part II will discuss the anticipatory response to the impacts of Dobbs on PHI by addressing the response from (1) the states, (2) the Biden Administration, and (3) the medical field. Part III will discuss the loopholes that exist in HIPAA and further address the potential impacts on individuals and the medical field if reform does not occur. Finally, Part IV will argue that the reform of HIPAA is the best avenue for protecting PHI related to reproductive healthcare.

Universal Forms Of Influence: Support For Women On Boards, Cindy A. Schipani, Paula J. Caproni

Seattle University Law Review

There are various efforts underway to increase gender diversity on corporate boards, including legislation in California, a recent SEC approved comply or explain rule for companies listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange, and efforts by institutional investors such as State Street and BlackRock to recognize the value diversity brings to corporate decisionmaking. Although some of these efforts are being contested in the courts, many companies have begun to comply with these initiatives.

This Article is organized as follows. Part I provides an overview of several efforts to increase gender diversity on boards along with numerous research studies showcasing the benefits …

“Statistics Are Human Beings With The Tears Wiped Away”: Utilizing Data To Develop Strategies To Reduce The Number Of Native Americans Who Go Missing, Lori Mcpherson, Sarah Blazucki

Seattle University Law Review

On New Year’s Eve night, 2019, sixteen-year-old Selena Shelley Faye Not Afraid attended a party in Billings, Montana, about fifty miles west of her home in Hardin, Montana, near the Crow Reservation. A junior at the local high school, she was active in her community. The party carried over until the next day, and she caught a ride back toward home with friends in a van the following afternoon. When the van stopped at an interstate rest stop, Selena got out but never made it back to the van. The friends reported her missing to the police and indicated they …

Nestlé V. Doe: A Death Knell To Corporate Human Rights Accountability?, Phillip Ayers

Seattle University Law Review

The Supreme Court in Nestlé v. Doe held that foreign plaintiffs who claimed to be victims of overseas tortious conduct by corporate defendants had no jurisdiction to sue in federal courts using the Alien Tort Statute. This Comment looks at the history of the Alien Tort Statute, from its inspiration, long dormancy, and recent reinvigoration beginning in the 1980s. The Comment then explores the background of Nestlé and its issues with child slavery in its cocoa supply chain. From there, the Comment analyzes the Nestlé v. Doe decision, and posits an alternative outcome. Finally, this Comment looks for a new …

Corporate Governance And Gender Equality: A Study Of Comply-Or-Explain Disclosure Regulation, Aaron A. Dhir, Sarah Kaplan, Maria Arabella Robles

Seattle University Law Review

In 2020, the Nasdaq Stock Market filed a proposal with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission seeking permission to adopt a board diversity-related disclosure requirement for its listed companies. In 2021, the SEC approved the proposal, thus entrenching Nasdaq’s position as the most significant stock exchange to date to mandate listing rules that reflect the intention of diversifying corporate boardrooms. Nasdaq’s movement into the diversity space is not the first attempt to address homogeneous boards in the U.S. In 2009, the SEC adopted a rule requiring publicly traded firms to report on whether they consider diversity in identifying director nominees. …

Judicial Ethics And The Eradication Of Racism, Dontay Proctor-Mills

Seattle University Law Review

In 2020, the Washington Supreme Court entrusted the legal community with working to eradicate racism from its legal system. Soon after, Washington’s Commission on Judicial Conduct (hereinafter the Commission) received a complaint about a bus ad for North Seattle College featuring King County Superior Court Judge David Keenan. Along with a photo of Judge Keenan’s face, the ad included the following language: “A Superior Court Judge, David Keenan got into law in part to advocate for marginalized communities. David’s changing the world. He started at North.” The Commission admonished Judge Keenan for violating the Code of Judicial Conduct, in part …

Table Of Contents, Seattle University Law Review

Seattle University Law Review

Table of Contents

Why Corporate Boards Should Include Lgbtq+ People, Jeremy Mcclane, Darren Rosenblum

Seattle University Law Review

Corporate boardrooms sit at the heart of most of society’s most consequential decisions but fall far short of the diversity of our society. The current movement toward board diversification aims to remedy the underrepresentation of marginalized groups on corporate boards. More recently, some efforts have included LGBTQ+ people, even though the basis for their inclusion on corporate boards remains largely unstated. This Article examines both the normative and instrumental bases for LGBTQ+ inclusion in board diversity initiatives, articulating unspoken assumptions and linking LGBTQ+ people to the broader inclusion effort. In so doing, it begins to surface the unique issues LGBTQ+ …

Investment Bankers And Inclusive Corporate Leadership, Afra Afsharipour

Seattle University Law Review

Few major deals happen without the engagement and advice of investment bankers. Whether a company is undertaking an initial public offering or engaging in a large merger or acquisition deal, investment bankers play a central role in advising corporate executives. Successful investment bankers are devoted to cultivating relationships with executives. And these relationships place bankers in a position to earn tens of millions in fees for their advisory and service roles in connection with corporate dealmaking. Investment bankers’ constant endeavors to nurture relationships with executives, while also maximizing their own ability to enhance fees, commonly leads to allegations of double-dealing, …

Selective Patronage, Omari Scott Simmons

Seattle University Law Review

Contemporary academic corporate governance narratives have a blind spot. They focus on institutions, rules, regulations, processes, procedures, intermediaries, and market forces. Yet, missing in this narrative, is the impact of corporate leadership. Ignoring the “black box” of corporate leadership, particularly individual actors, renders an incomplete descriptive assessment as well as potential miscalculations. The examination of key historical figures and their corporate activism provides an important lens through which to identify potential challenges and opportunities related to the contemporary ESG movement.

Generally, this essay examines corporate leadership’s potential to address socio-political issues through the prism of Civil Rights Movement activism. Specifically, …

Reframing The Dei Case, Veronica Root Martinez

Seattle University Law Review

Corporate firms have long expressed their support for the idea that their organizations should become more demographically diverse while creating a culture that is inclusive of all members of the firm. These firms have traditionally, however, not been successful at improving demographic diversity and true inclusion within the upper echelons of their organizations. The status quo seemed unlikely to move, but expectations for corporate firms were upended after the #MeToo Movement of 2017 and 2018, which was followed by corporate support of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement in 2020. These two social movements, while distinct in many ways, forced firms to rethink …

Women In Shareholder Activism, Sarah C. Haan

Seattle University Law Review

Even a cursory review of the history of American environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) shareholder activism reveals the presence of women leaders. This Article sketches some of this history and interrogates the role of women in the shareholder activism movement. That movement typically has involved claims by minority shareholders to corporate power; activists are nearly always on the margins of power, though minority shareholders may, collectively, represent a majority interest. This Article ascribes women’s leadership in shareholder activism to their longstanding position as outsiders to corporate organization. Women’s participation in shaping corporate policy—even from the margins—has provided women with …

#Metoo And The Corporation In Popular Culture, Brenda Cossman

Seattle University Law Review

#MeToo’s initial virtual explosion in the fall of 2017 was very much about Hollywood, with famous actresses speaking out against famous producers, media moguls and celebrities, exposing the ubiquity of sexual harassment and sexual violence in and around the entertainment industry. Since then, #MeToo has made its way into Hollywood representations without much irony. Films and television shows have explicitly taken up the #MeToo themes, exploring issues of sexual harassment and violence and its afterlives. Many television shows, from the relaunched version of Murphy Brown to Brooklyn Nine-Nine to The Good Fight have incorporated #MeToo themes into episodes exploring the …

Woke Capital Revisited, Jennifer S. Fan

Seattle University Law Review

Inclusive corporate leadership is now at the forefront of discussions related to corporate governance. Two corporate theories help to explain the rise in prominence of diversity, equity, and inclusion (“DEI”) efforts in corporate leadership. First, an expanded definition of corporate purpose which elevated the idea of the importance of stakeholders, contributed to the momentum from business and legal quarters for broader corporate inclusion. Second, the increasing publicness of corporations—the social expectation of how large, typically public corporations should act given their position of power—also led to corporations becoming more active in the DEI space. It is against this backdrop that …

Army Commander’S Role—The Judge, Jury, & Prosecutor For The Article 15, Anthony Godwin

Seattle University Law Review

Service members in the armed forces are bound by a different set of rules when compared to other U.S. citizens. Some of the normal safeguards and protections that civilians enjoy are much more restrictive for military service members, and this is generally for a good reason. Such restrictions are partly due to the complex demands and needs of the United States military. Congress and the President have entrusted military commanders with special powers that enable them to handle minor violations of law without needing to go through a full judicial proceeding. Non-judicial punishments (NJP), also known as Article 15s, are …

A Synthesis Of The Science And Law Relating To Eyewitness Misidentifications And Recommendations For How Police And Courts Can Reduce Wrongful Convictions Based On Them, Henry F. Fradella

Seattle University Law Review

The empirical literature on perception and memory consistently demonstrates the pitfalls of eyewitness identifications. Exoneration data lend external validity to these studies. With the goal of informing law enforcement officers, prosecutors, criminal defense attorneys, judges, and judicial law clerks about what they can do to reduce wrongful convictions based on misidentifications, this Article presents a synthesis of the scientific knowledge relevant to how perception and memory affect the (un)reliability of eyewitness identifications. The Article situates that body of knowledge within the context of leading case law. The Article then summarizes the most current recommendations for how law enforcement personnel should—and …

Regulation And The Geography Of Inequality, Ganesh Sitaraman, Christopher Serkin, Morgan Ricks

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

We live in an era of widening geographic inequality. Around the country, the spread between economically and culturally thriving places and those that are struggling has been increasing. "Superstar" cities like New York, San Francisco, Boston, and Atlanta continue to attract talent and grow, while the economies of other cities and rural areas are left behind. Troublingly, escalating geographic inequality in the United States has arrived hand in hand with serious economic, social, and political problems. Areas that are left behind have not only failed to keep up with their thriving peers; in many ways, they have stagnated and seen …

Kebijakan Penghapusan Izin Lingkungan Dalam Ruu Cipta Kerja Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Di Indonesia, Kornelius Benuf, Abram Robert Aritonang, Supriardoyo Simanjuntak

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

The government is currently discussing about Jobs Creation Bill on the implementation of national development. The drafting of Jobs Creation Bill is carriedout by applying the omnibus law system. However, on the Bill there are numbers of irregularities such as the removal of environmental permits and replaced with environmental agreements. This raises legal issues because the changes of terminology onthe Bill have juridical implications for the implementations of sustainable developments in Indonesia. This legal issue will be researched further in this study. The method used is normative juridical with secondary data in the form of primary legal materials ofthe Jobs …

Rekonseptualisasi Penyelesaian Sengketa Proses Pencalonan Pilkada, Supriyadi Supriyadi

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

This research aims to find the ideal concept of dispute resolution process in the regional head election, so far the practice of election dispute resolution is carried out by two institutions namely Bawaslu and PTTUN. As for the results of this study in the form of the first, philosophically the Bawaslu institution was born from the provisions of Article 22E paragraph (5) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which was interpreted to conduct supervision both in the narrow and broad sense (handling violations and dispute resolution) of the holding of elections or the elections. Second, the dualism …

Mencari Jejak Konsep Judicial Restraint Dalam Praktik Kekuasaan Kehakiman Di Indonesia, Dian Agung Wicaksono, Andi Sandi Antonius Tabusassa Tonralipu

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

The decision on judicial review of Laws by the Constitutional Court was allegedly not fully obeyed by the parties affected by the decision. One form of disobedience tothe judicial review decision by the Constitutional Courtwas shown by the Supreme Court concerning the decision related to the opening of the opportunity to submit a Peninjauan Kembali more than once, which was responded by the Supreme Court with internalregulations which emphasized that Peninjauan Kembali could only be done once.From the phenomenon, this research tries to trace the concept of judicial restraint in the practice of judicial power in Indonesia, as well as …

Social Justice In Law, Society And Development: A Marxism Perspective Of Indonesian Case, Ridwan Arifin, Vania Shafira Yuniar

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

This article explores about social justice in peoples lives according to Karl Marxs prespective of the concept of social class. It also discusses Marxs concept of the struggle of the social class to provide a solution for the proletariat, to free themselves from the chain of cruelty, violence and alienation in the capitalist system to achieve social justice. The essence of social justice in Karl Marxs prespective is that if a society has created a manifestation of self through compassion, and the collaboration of a classless society, without violence, and without oppression, and humans are free from all forms of …

Penghasilan Tidak Kena Pajak (Ptkp) Sebagai Bentuk Perlindungan Hak Ekonomi Dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia, Auditya Firza Saputra

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

As a ratifying State to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Ecosoc), the Government of Republic of Indonesia has legal obligation to implement steps of realization in effective and measurable manner in fulfilling, promoting, and protecting the economic, social and cultural rights of all its citizens. The issue is, to fulfil such obligation the State will require high amount of cost. The State is being sourced by the taxation policy. From many taxation policies, Income Tax become one of the most preffered segment. Unfortunately, the Income Tax policy, in practice, hardly optimizing due to many social economic …

Kelemahan Pengaturan Pengupahan Bagi Dokter Di Indonesia, Muhammad Nur

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

The results of the Junior Indonesian Doctors Network (JDN) survey on August 1-30 2018 stated that 26.24 percent of doctors in Indonesias main workplaces were still paid under three million rupiah per month. Then, there are 8.89 percent of doctors who are even paid under one and a half million rupiah per month. Due to the low salaries earned, many doctors end up having to take additional work hours in several practice locations to increase their income. In fact, other studies say that working continuously for doctors increases the risk of malpractice and endangers patients. Low wages also make doctors …

Kedudukan Dan Kewenangan: Badan Nasional Pengelola Perbatasan Di Indonesia, Putu Wahyu Widiartana

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

The vast condition of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia made Indonesia have several border areas stretching from Sabang to Merauke. Management of the countrys territories and border areas has been regulated in Law 43/2008 on State Territories. The National Border Management Agency (Badan Nasional Pengelola Perbatasan/BNPP) is the only institution tasked with managing border areas in Indonesia. The Minister of Home Affairs as the Head of BNPP leads and controls the implementation of the duties and functions of BNPP. In this study using Border Management Theory and Authority Theory. This research uses the normative legal research method which is the …

Aspek Hukum Peran Wakaf Tunai Pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19, Siska Lis Sulistiani, Intan Nurrachmi, Eva Misfah Bayuni

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

The development of cash waqf in Indonesia in the past 10 years is of particular concern. With the law No. 41 of 2004 concerning endowments became the initial foothold in the development of forms of cash endowments, including endowments of money, endowments sukuk, endowments of Islamic insurance policies and others. Of all the innovations of this waqf because waqf has more flexible properties to be able to make new breakthroughs that fit the needs of the times without reducing the essence of the waqf. The legal aspect of developing cash waqf is important because it will affect its position and …

Managing The Risk For Fintech Lending Amid The Global Pandemic Corona Virus, Trisadini Prasastinah Usanti, Fiska Silvia Raden Roro, Nur Utari Setiawati

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

The coronavirus (covis-19) is impacting all sectors across the world. Moreover, the covid-19 pandemic will accelerate change in the world economy. That brings both opportunity and danger, says Henry Curr in The Economist. In dealing with global disaster which impacts to the finance and economy world, such as the pandemic of covid-19, fintech lending offers the fastestand the most easy lending service for people in the whole business world nowdays. However, the easy process can cause various problems such as late payment and default in payment. Fintech will suffer from those risks and it can jeopardise the business. Moreover, most …