Admiralty Commons^™

Originalism And The Difficulties Of History In Foreign Affairs, Eugene Kontorovich

Faculty Working Papers

This Article spotlights some of the idiosyncratic features of admiralty law at the time of the founding. These features pose challenges for applying the original understanding of the Constitution to contemporary questions of foreign relations. Federal admiralty courts were unusual creatures by Article III standards. They sat as international tribunals applying international and foreign law, freely hearing cases that implicated sensitive questions of foreign policy, and liberally exercising universal jurisdiction over disputes solely between foreigners. However, these powers did not arise out of the basic features of Article III, but rather from a felt need to opt into the preexisting …

Beyond The Article I Horizon: Congress’S Enumerated Powers And Universal Jurisdiction Over Drug Crimes, Eugene Kontorovich

Faculty Working Papers

This paper explores the Article I limits faced by Congress in exercising universal jurisdiction (UJ) – that is, regulating extraterritorial conduct by foreigners with no affect on or connection the U.S. While UJ is becoming increasingly popular in Europe for the punishment of human rights offenses, Congress's primary use of UJ today is under the Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act. This obscure law allows the U.S. to punish for violating U.S. drug laws foreign defendants on foreign vessels in international waters. The MDLEA's UJ provisions raise fundamental questions about the source and extent of Congress's constitutional power to regulate purely …

U.S. Policy And The United Nations Convention On The Law Of The Sea, John E. Noyes

Faculty Scholarship

This essay examines U.S. attitudes toward the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea. Part I characterizes different U.S. perspectives toward foreign policy and international law, noting how these different viewpoints shape attitudes toward U.S. acceptance of the Convention. Part II then compares three concerns that U.S. Convention opponents have raised (relating to navigational freedom, U.S. participation in international institutions, and U.S. leadership in international affairs) to the perspectives associated with of one of the several different foreign policy approaches. Many followers of historically-predominant U.S. foreign policy approaches do not share the concerns of Convention opponents. However, even if …

Legal Interoperability Issues In International Cooperation Measures To Secure The Maritime Commons, Craig Allen

Books

Contains papers submitted at a workshop sponsored by the William B. Ruger Chair of National Security Economics, Newport, Rhode Island 6-8 November, 2006.

A Complete Property Right Amendment, John H. Ryskamp

ExpressO

The trend of the eminent domain reform and "Kelo plus" initiatives is toward a comprehensive Constitutional property right incorporating the elements of level of review, nature of government action, and extent of compensation. This article contains a draft amendment which reflects these concerns.

Bond Repudiation, Tax Codes, The Appropriations Process And Restitution Post-Eminent Domain Reform, John H. Ryskamp

ExpressO

This brief comment suggests where the anti-eminent domain movement might be heading next.

Saving Salvage: Avoiding Misguided Changes To Salvage And Finds Law, Christopher Z. Bordelon

San Diego International Law Journal

In recent years, as technology permitting previously impossible underwater salvage operations has become available, ancient principles of the laws of salvage and of finds as applied to sunken ships have come under attack. Those who would limit or preclude the application of salvage and finds principles and the conduct of salvage operations in the context of shipwrecks have advocated changes in both the common law of admiralty and in related statutory law. They have also supported an international convention on the subject. Academic commentary favoring heightened preservation praises these developments and promotes further initiatives to protect the "underwater cultural heritage" …

Breaking The Bank: Revisiting Central Bank Of Denver After Enron And Sarbanes-Oxley, Celia Taylor

ExpressO

No abstract provided.

Flags Of Convenience Before The Law Of The Sea Tribunal, Tullio Treves

San Diego International Law Journal

Reflagged vessels and vessels flying flags of convenience (two phenomena that most often coexist) are frequent features in cases brought before the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS or the Tribunal). Of all the cases decided by the Tribunal, only the Southern Bluefin Tuna cases and the MOX Plant case had nothing to do with this phenomenon; and only the former, which concerns fishing, somehow involves ships.

International Marine Environment Law: A Case Study In The Wider Caribbean Region, Benedict C. Sheehy

ExpressO

Abstract: This study examines the effectiveness of international marine environment law in controlling and abating contamination of the marine environment in the Wider Caribbean Region. The main international agreement covering the region is the Cartagena Convention which came into force in 1983. This convention, initiated by the UNEP under its Regional Seas Program, is considered one of the most successful of the programs. The study examines that claim in light of events since the adoption of the Cartagena Convention by the majority of nations bordering on the region. Mexico, because of its stature as a leading Latin American nation, is …

Enjoy The Donut: A Regulatory Response To The White Paper On Preserventing Invasion Of The Great Lakes By Exotic Species, Sandra B. Zellmer

Faculty Law Review Articles

No abstract provided.

Federalism In The Era Of International Standards: Federal And State Government Regulation Of Merchant Vessels In The United States (Part Iii), Craig H. Allen

Articles

No abstract provided.

Federalism In The Era Of International Standards: Federal And State Government Regulation Of Merchant Vessels In The United States (Part Ii), Craig H. Allen

Articles

No abstract provided.

Federalism In The Era Of International Standards: Federal And State Government Regulation Of Merchant Vessels In The United States (Part I), Craig H. Allen

Articles

In examining federalism issues relevant to merchant vessels, this article will distinguish between those laws and regulations governing liability for harm and those which regulate safety. Federalism questions arise most frequently in the former, private, maritime law domain, when courts are called upon to determine judicial jurisdiction and the extent to which state law may be applied to adjudicate liability and damages in cases falling within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction. Less frequently, the federalism debate focuses on public maritime law, when states seek to regulate commercial vessel safety or vessel-source pollution.

This article will begin with an examination of …

Choice Of The Applicable Law In United States Maritime Law And The Venezuelan System, Daniel Eric Vielleville

LLM Theses and Essays

International maritime transport is an important means of transport in international trade. The vessels used in international maritime transport face unique dangers which necessitate maritime law that addresses the perils associated with maritime transport. Maritime law concerns many jurisdictions, which creates a special interest for the study of conflict of laws. There are private international maritime laws in addition to multilateral treaties. This paper analyzes the international approach that the United States takes in maritime conflict of laws, and compares it with the Venezuelan system of private international law. Venezuela is a civil law country with old maritime legislation which …

The Interpretation Of International Maritime Conventions In United States Law, Mark Weston Janis

Faculty Articles and Papers

In the United States, the interpretation of international maritime conventions is carried out within the general context of U.S. constitutional law. The Constitution's Article 11(2) provides that the President of the United States is granted the Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur. Article 111(2) extends the judicial power of the United States to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority. Article VI(2) instructs that the …

From Cutlass To Cat-O’-Nine Tails: The Case For International Jurisdiction Of Mutiny On The High Seas, George P. Smith Ii

Scholarly Articles

This article will first discuss the historical background of mutiny, describing several of the major mutinies at sea that have been of interest to legal historians. Then will come an analysis of the history of piracy and an exploration of its symbiotic relationship with mutiny. Subsequent analysis will be given over to municipal law provisions outlawing mutiny - with concentration placed on the postures taken by those nation-states which subscribe to or are guided by the common law. A study of those relevant principles of international law regarded as controlling, as a consequence of historical vectors of force and municipal …

The Law Of Piracy: Table Of Contents, Alfred P. Rubin

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

The Law Of Piracy: British Practice In The Nineteenth Century, Alfred P. Rubin

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

The Law Of Piracy: Appendices, Alfred P. Rubin

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

The Law Of Piracy: Bibliography, Alfred P. Rubin

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

The Law Of Piracy: The Evolution Of The Concept Of Piracy In England, Alfred P. Rubin

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

The Law Of Piracy: The United States Of America And The Law Of Piracy, Alfred P. Rubin

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

The Law Of Piracy: "Piracy" In The Twentieth Century, Alfred P. Rubin

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

The Law Of Piracy: Abbreviations, Alfred P. Rubin

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

The Law Of Piracy: Index, Alfred P. Rubin

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

The Recovery Of Shipwrecks In International Waters: A Multilateral Solution, Elizabeth Barrowman

Michigan Journal of International Law

This Note will examine the current state of international law concerning property rights to all types of wrecks discovered in international waters. It will show that a multilateral convention is needed to establish an international framework for property rights to shipwrecks of historical and archaeological value, to wrecks of military vessels, and to wrecks of commercial ships such as the Titanic. There may be obstacles to the establishment of a multilateral convention, but the international community must provide certainty to ownership questions, furnish protection for submarine antiquities, and prevent disputes arising from the wrongful salvage of military vessels.

United States V. Louisiana, Lewis F. Powell Jr.

Supreme Court Case Files

No abstract provided.

The Seas And International Law: Rules And Rulers, Mark Weston Janis

Faculty Articles and Papers

The recent developments in the law of the sea form only one chapter of a larger story which deals with the development of international law in general. This larger story has to do with the ways in which the rules of international law are perceived and how it is believed the world should be governed. This Article examines the tale of the law of the sea in the 1970's and 1980's in an historical perspective. It is especially important for Americans to remember the record of history. This is so not only because the United States is one of the …

Compensation And Reward For Saving Life At Sea, Steven F. Friedell

Michigan Law Review

This Article explores the life salvage rules under the general maritime law and under the 1912 life salvage statute. Surprisingly, some life salvors had greater rights under the general maritime law than they have under cases construing the statute. This Article suggests that courts have given insufficient attention to the purposes of the Brussels Salvage Convention of 1910, which inspired the 1912 statute, and that American courts should .remain free to recognize all rights that life salvors possessed before the Brussels Convention.

This Article then considers whether American courts should further expand the rights of life salvors by awarding life …