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Articles 301 - 330 of 404
Full-Text Articles in Administrative Law
Administrative Law - President's Power To Remove, Rex B. Martin
Administrative Law - President's Power To Remove, Rex B. Martin
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff had been appointed to the board of directors of the Tennessee Valley Authority by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The statute creating this public corporation gives the President power to remove any director who appoints or promotes lower officials on the basis of anything other than merit. Congress is authorized to remove a member of the board by a concurrent resolution of the two houses. Plaintiff was summarily removed by the President and sued to recover his salary for the whole of the prescribed nine-year term of office. Held, that the plaintiff, having …
Administrative Law - National Labor Relations Board - Permissible Scope Of Cease And Desist Orders, Rex B. Martin
Administrative Law - National Labor Relations Board - Permissible Scope Of Cease And Desist Orders, Rex B. Martin
Michigan Law Review
The National Labor Relations Board found that the Express Publishing Company had refused to bargain collectively. Thereupon the board issued an order requiring the company: (1) to cease and desist refusing to bargain collectively; and (2) to cease and desist in any manner interfering with, restraining, or coercing its employees in the exercise of their rights to self-organization, to form, join, or assist labor organizations of their own choosing, and to engage in concerted activities for the purposes of collective bargaining or other mutual aid and protection as guaranteed in section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act. The circuit …
Constitutional Law - Due Process - Federal Price Control Under Commerce Clause For Milk And Coal Industries, Stark Ritchie
Constitutional Law - Due Process - Federal Price Control Under Commerce Clause For Milk And Coal Industries, Stark Ritchie
Michigan Law Review
As a natural concomitant of the prevailing laissez-faire economic philosophy, a strong feeling against any governmental regulation of business prevailed in American legislatures until well into the second half of the nineteenth century. Prices were considered to be especially immune to governmental tampering. The first step in the breakdown of the notion that government had no power over prices was the case of Munn v. Illinois. This decision introduced the doctrine that the legislature had the right to regulate prices in any business which the courts should find to be "affected with a public interest." Posed as a deceivingly …
Interstate Commerce - Motor Carrier Act Of 1935 - Power Of States To Regulate Interstate Carriers As To Sizes And Weight, Spencer E. Lrons
Interstate Commerce - Motor Carrier Act Of 1935 - Power Of States To Regulate Interstate Carriers As To Sizes And Weight, Spencer E. Lrons
Michigan Law Review
The Motor Carrier Act of 1935 provides, in section 204 (a) (1) and (2), that the Interstate Commerce Commission, in performing its duty of regulating interstate motor carriers, shall have power to "establish reasonable requirements with respect to . . . safety of operation and equipment." In section 225, the act authorizes the commission "to investigate and report on the need for Federal regulation of the sizes and weight of motor vehicles. . . ." These two sections, when read together, indicate that Congress felt that sizes and weight regulations deserved consideration apart from general safety regulations. The former are …
Labor Law - National Labor Relations Act - Necessity Of A Written Contract To Meet Requirement Of Good Faith Collective Bargaining, Rex B. Martin
Labor Law - National Labor Relations Act - Necessity Of A Written Contract To Meet Requirement Of Good Faith Collective Bargaining, Rex B. Martin
Michigan Law Review
Having found that the petitioner, by refusing to sign an agreement reached with the union, was refusing to bargain collectively, the National Labor Relations Board ordered it to bargain by signing a written agreement. The Circuit Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit directed enforcement of the board's order. On certiorari to that court, held that the board's order should be enforced. H.J. Heinz Co. v. National Labor Relations Board, (U. S. 1941) 61 S. Ct. 320, affirming (C. C. A. 6th, 1940) 110 F. (2d) 843.
Administrative Law - Scope Of Judicial Review - Doctrine Of The Ben Avon Case- Independent Determination By Court Of Both Law And Facts Where Confiscation Question Involved, Alfred I. Rothman
Michigan Law Review
A recent decision by the United States Supreme Court renders desirable a reexamination of the scope of judicial review of orders and decisions made by administrative bodies, and more specifically a reexamination of the doctrine of the Ben Avon case. There are several possibilities as to the finality that may be accorded to administrative fact determinations: first, findings may be conclusive and binding upon the reviewing court; second, they may be conclusive if supported by substantial evidence; third, they may be subject to independent determination by the court. To what extent, if any, the scope of review should take the …
Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act - Right Of Prospective Bidder To Question Wage Determination Of Secretary Of Labor, David Loeb
Michigan Law Review
Complainants, small steel companies in eastern Pennsylvania, Maryland and Connecticut, brought this action to enjoin the secretary of labor and others from applying the provisions of the Public Contracts Act, as construed, to the iron and steel industry. It was contended that the secretary's wage determination was the result of an erroneous interpretation of the word "locality" as included in the act. The district court dismissed the complaint. Upon appeal the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia granted the injuction. On certiorari, held, reversed. The complainants have no standing in court to sue. Perkins v. Lukens Steel …
Constitutional Law-Delegation Of Legislative Power - Utah Milk Control Act, Edward S. Biggar
Constitutional Law-Delegation Of Legislative Power - Utah Milk Control Act, Edward S. Biggar
Michigan Law Review
The Utah Milk Control Act declared the necessity of stabilizing the production and distribution of market milk, for the purpose of insuring "a continuous and adequate supply of pure, wholesome milk." The state board of agriculture was authorized to fix prices and regulate the surplus of milk in particular marketing areas. Provision was made for public hearings to precede the board's issuance of regulatory orders. In fixing prices, the board was directed to consider the cost of "producing, handling, pasteurizing, and distributing" the milk to be sold. There was no requirement that the orders promulgated contain any specific provisions. Pursuant …
Labor Law - Back Pay - Requirement Of Deduction For Reimbursement Of Governmental Relief Agencies, Rex B. Martin
Labor Law - Back Pay - Requirement Of Deduction For Reimbursement Of Governmental Relief Agencies, Rex B. Martin
Michigan Law Review
Having found that the petitioner, by discharging employees for union activities, had engaged in an unfair labor practice, the National Labor Relations Board ordered the employees' reinstatement with back pay, less monies received during the period of discharge for work performed upon federal, state, county, municipal or other work-relief projects, and the payment of this amount received to the appropriate fiscal agencies of the government or governments which. supplied the funds for the work-relief projects. The Circuit Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit directed enforcement of the board's order. On petition for a writ of certiorari to that court, …
Administrative Law - Review Of Administrative Orders - Elimination Of The "Negative" Order Doctrine, Robert J. Miller
Administrative Law - Review Of Administrative Orders - Elimination Of The "Negative" Order Doctrine, Robert J. Miller
Michigan Law Review
The recent decision of the Supreme Court in Rochester Telephone Corporation v. United States is of importance in determining the reviewability of administrative orders that are negative in character. In the principal case, under authority of the Federal Communications Act the Federal Communications Commission issued a general order directing that every telephone carrier file statements concerning its business and affairs. The Rochester Telephone Corporation, the petitioner, failed to file such statements, claiming it was not subject to the commission's jurisdiction because of an exemption under section 2(b) (2) of the Communications Act of 1934. This section provides that the commission …
Subjective Judicial Review Of The Federal Communications Commission, Harry P. Warner
Subjective Judicial Review Of The Federal Communications Commission, Harry P. Warner
Michigan Law Review
The basis for judicial review of administrative agencies in one form or another is the Union Pacific rule, originally developed to govern the relationship between the courts and the Interstate Commerce Commission. Variations in the application of this judicial formula to different agencies have been shaped for the most part by the character of the governmental power exercised and the nature of the subject matter under review. For example, the judicial control exercised over taxing authorities is circumscribed by the sovereign demand for revenue essential to the maintenance of government. The scope of judicial review has been extended in deportation …
Some Problems In The Enforcement Of The Antitrust Laws, Wendell Berge
Some Problems In The Enforcement Of The Antitrust Laws, Wendell Berge
Michigan Law Review
There has been much discussion through the years about the evils of monopoly, monopolistic practices, and unreasonable restraints of trade. We have always paid lip service to the ideal of free competition. But we have done little in this country to cope with these evils. We have done little to make our competitive ideal effective.
Administrative Law - Taxation - Power Of Board To Adopt Rules And Regulations - Inflexibility Of Prior Ruling By Reenactment Of Statute Without Change, William F. Anderson
Administrative Law - Taxation - Power Of Board To Adopt Rules And Regulations - Inflexibility Of Prior Ruling By Reenactment Of Statute Without Change, William F. Anderson
Michigan Law Review
The respondent oil company in computing its net income for the years 1929-1930 for the purpose of applying the depletion deduction provisions of the Revenue Act of 1928 refused to deduct certain development expenditures, although it had deducted those development expenditures in computing its taxable net income for these years. Under the rule-making power of section 23 (1) of that act, the commissioner defined "net income of the taxpayer" as used in section 114 (b)(3) as meaning gross income from the sale of gas and oil less certain deductions, including development expenses (if the taxpayer had elected to deduct development …
Constitutional Law - Carriers - Supersedure Of State Regulations By Federal Regulations - Regulation Of Hours Of Service Of Motor Vehicular Drivers - Effect Of Federal Motor Carrier Act Of 1935, Fred C. Newman
Michigan Law Review
Defendant, whose business was chiefly interstate, violated a statute of New Hampshire which regulated the hours of service of drivers of certain motor vehicles. The violation occurred after the passage of the Federal Motor Carrier Act of 1935, which, among other things, conferred authority upon the Interstate Commerce Commission "to establish reasonable requirements with respect to . . . maximum hours of service of employees" of common and contract carriers by motor vehicle in interstate commerce. At the time of the breach of the state statute, the Interstate Commerce Commission had not prescribed regulations as to hours of service. Defendant …
Labor Law - National Labor Relations Board - Remand Without Decision After Order To Enforce Is Filed In Circuit Court Of Appeals, Robert E. Sipes
Labor Law - National Labor Relations Board - Remand Without Decision After Order To Enforce Is Filed In Circuit Court Of Appeals, Robert E. Sipes
Michigan Law Review
The National Labor Relations Board filed its petition in the circuit court of appeals January 7, 1938, seeking enforcement of its order against petitioner, Ford Motor Company. Petitioner filed its answer and asked that the order be set aside. On May 2, 1938, the board moved to withdraw its petition without prejudice. On May 4, 1938, petitioner filed its petition asking the court to review and set aside the board's order. The board moved that the case be remanded to it for further proceedings. The court entered an order remanding the proceedings to the board for the purpose of setting …
Administrative Law - Labor Law - Federal Courts - Equity - Propriety Of Interrogatories Directed To The Members Of The National Labor Relations Board, Michigan Law Review
Administrative Law - Labor Law - Federal Courts - Equity - Propriety Of Interrogatories Directed To The Members Of The National Labor Relations Board, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The National Labor Relations Board brought a proceeding under section 10 of the National Labor Relations Act for the enforcement of an order to cease certain unfair labor practices, its petition stating that the board had considered the case before it and upon all the testimony and evidence made its findings of fact and issued its order. The answer alleged that the board did not consider the evidence but referred it to others for suggested findings of fact, and that with no opportunity to respondent to know of or criticize the suggestions they were adopted by the board without further …
Administrative Adjudication Of Contract Disputes: The Walsh-Healey Act, Walter Gellhorn, Seymour L. Linfield
Administrative Adjudication Of Contract Disputes: The Walsh-Healey Act, Walter Gellhorn, Seymour L. Linfield
Michigan Law Review
The ashes of the National Recovery Act were scarcely cool before evils, sought to be abated by the statute, once more manifested themselves in virulent form. Temptation to increase hours of labor, often with the accompaniment of sharp reductions in wages, and to utilize more freely the services of child laborers, was resisted by many employers. But it was resisted with ever diminishing success in the face of grim competition for a none too voluminous business. Out of disillusion and disappointment was born the Walsh-Healey Act, to salvage from the Blue Eagle at least a few of its less conspicuous …
Administrative Law - Separation Of Powers - Delegation Of Executive Functions To The Judiciary, Collins E. Brooks
Administrative Law - Separation Of Powers - Delegation Of Executive Functions To The Judiciary, Collins E. Brooks
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff applied to the county board of public welfare for a pension award under a state Old Age Assistance Act. In conformity to the act, an investigation was made by the county board and the facts were submitted, with a recommendation for an award, to the State Department of Public Welfare for approval. The latter, however, overruled the award, whereupon plaintiff applied to the circuit court for a trial de novo, as provided for by the statute, and was successful. On appeal from the court's order allowing the award, held, the statutory provision for a de novo review by …
Administrative Law - Requirements Of "Full Hearing", Collins E. Brooks
Administrative Law - Requirements Of "Full Hearing", Collins E. Brooks
Michigan Law Review
The late Professor Ernst Freund once wrote, "A judicial hearing involves two things: that the party be heard as to his own case and that he hear the case against him." Were the words "quasi-judicial" to be substituted for the word "judicial" in Dr. Freund's definition, it would be difficult more concisely to paraphrase the two decisions of the United States Supreme Court in the case of Morgan v. United States. Fifty suits, later consolidated for purposes of trial, were started by certain market agencies of the Kansas City Stockyards to enjoin the enforcement of an order of the …
The Doctrine Of Administrative Trespass In French Law: An Analogue Of Due Process, Armin Uhler
The Doctrine Of Administrative Trespass In French Law: An Analogue Of Due Process, Armin Uhler
Michigan Law Review
The French droit administratif, since Dicey's critical and unsympathetic comments in his lectures and works on the English constitution, has continued to attract a great deal of interest in the English-speaking world. In this country the more recent references to the system known by that name are prompted by something more than academic curiosity. Unprecedented expansion of administrative activity, particularly on the part of the federal government, has focused attention on many problems which have become acute because of that fact. Unquestionably, one of the most vexing among them is the question of review of administrative action upon the …
Governmental Powers, State And National, Under Our Constitutional System, Orie Leon Phillips
Governmental Powers, State And National, Under Our Constitutional System, Orie Leon Phillips
Michigan Law Review
We are living in a day when democracy is receding and the totalitarian state is advancing on many fronts. Three great nations have accepted as their governmental system authoritarian collectivism. Under the totalitarian systems, the right of the individual to think freely, to engage in free enterprise, to enjoy personal liberty, and to work out his own destiny is taken away. Instead, there is a regimentation of human beings, where everyone's thought, everyone's time, everyone's labor, and at last everyone's life, are at the disposal of a supreme authority. Of course, such a system means the vesting of tremendous powers …
Law Departments And Law Officers In American Governments, John A. Fairlie
Law Departments And Law Officers In American Governments, John A. Fairlie
Michigan Law Review
On all levels of government, national, state and local, the need for the services of professional lawyers has been recognized. In addition to the judges of the higher courts, there are other law officers, whose function it is to give legal advice and assistance to the various executive administrative agencies, and to act as attorneys for the government and its officials in proceedings before the judicial courts in the enforcement of criminal laws and in other cases where the government or its officials are parties or are concerned with the legal problems involved. Little attention has been given to the …
Constitutional Law - Separation Of Powers - Validity Of Statute Requiring Reference Of Disputes To Commissioner Of Labor, Edward D. Ranson
Constitutional Law - Separation Of Powers - Validity Of Statute Requiring Reference Of Disputes To Commissioner Of Labor, Edward D. Ranson
Michigan Law Review
The plaintiff was conducting a private employment agency under a license issued by the commissioner of labor. The defendant, a movie actress, secured an engagement through the plaintiff's influence, pursuant to a contract. A dispute arose as to the amount of compensation due the plaintiff under the terms of the contract. A statute required reference of such disputes to the commissioner of labor, who was to hear and determine the same. Within ten days a dissatisfied party could appeal to the superior court and have a hearing de novo. The plaintiff, failing to comply with the statute, commenced the action …
Administrative Law - Investigating Powers Of Federal Commissioners - Securities And Exchange Commission, Brackley Shaw
Administrative Law - Investigating Powers Of Federal Commissioners - Securities And Exchange Commission, Brackley Shaw
Michigan Law Review
A recent decision in the Circuit Court of Appeals upholding the constitutionality of the powers of search granted to the Securities and Exchange Commission in the Securities Act of 1933 brings to the fore again the question of the extent to which the Federal Government may validly investigate and demand the production of the books and records of private businesses.
Federal And State Cooperation Under The Constitution, Louis W. Koenig
Federal And State Cooperation Under The Constitution, Louis W. Koenig
Michigan Law Review
Federalism, as a system of government, is peculiar in that it involves a union of several autonomous political entities for · common purposes which may be achieved through apportioning the sum total of legislative power between a "national" or "central" government, on the one hand, and constituent "states" on the other. In our own federation, a written Constitution has sought to define the functions of both these centers of government, assigning to each certain spheres of influence upon all persons and property within a given territory. At the Constitutional Convention, the committee of detail carefully listed the powers of the …
Public Utilities - Rate Regulation - Reproduction Cost And Prudent Investment As Factors In Determining "Fair Value", Erwin B. Ellmann
Public Utilities - Rate Regulation - Reproduction Cost And Prudent Investment As Factors In Determining "Fair Value", Erwin B. Ellmann
Michigan Law Review
At a hearing conducted by the California Railroad Commission, the existing gas rates charged by a utility were deemed unreasonable, and a new schedule of rates was prescribed. The commission, in determining the rate base, used historical cost exclusively, and refused to attach any weight to the present cost of reproducing the properties. A three-judge federal court enjoined the enforcement of the rates without making a finding that as prescribed the rates were confiscatory. Held, by a majority of the Court, the trial court was without power to enjoin the enforcement of the rates, regardless of the method of …
Administrative Tribunals-Organization And Reorganization, E. Blythe Stason
Administrative Tribunals-Organization And Reorganization, E. Blythe Stason
Michigan Law Review
No doubt overhauling is needed. However, a consistent and rational theory for the integration of the independent agencies with the remainder of the governmental structure is a condition precedent to an intelligent overhauling. This article constitutes a groping for such a theory. First, I shall discuss some of the more significant attacks which have been made in recent years upon modern administrative organization. Then, the reasons for these attacks will be examined and appraised, for they reveal certain pathological conditions which need excision. Finally, and with all due deference to the other remedies that have been suggested, I shall venture …
Recent Developments In The Deportation Process, Reuben Oppenheimer
Recent Developments In The Deportation Process, Reuben Oppenheimer
Michigan Law Review
The process under which the United States, through the Department of Labor, deports aliens found to be unlawfully in this country is one of the oldest in American administrative law. It is also one of the most interesting, for this process deals almost entirely with persons as contrasted with property, and its development has been largely unimpeded by court decisions.
Businesses Subject To The National Labor Relations Act, Joseph H. Mueller
Businesses Subject To The National Labor Relations Act, Joseph H. Mueller
Michigan Law Review
Justice Holmes once remarked that, "the life of the law has not been logic; it has been experience." This observation is illustrated in a striking manner by the recent change in the attitude of the Supreme Court with respect to Congressional regulation of labor relations in the field of production. Holding that the National Labor Relations Act applied to the steel, automobile, and clothing industries, as well as to the agencies of interstate commerce, the Court restated existing doctrine relating to interstate commerce, giving it new direction and content.
Constitutional Law - Search And Seizure - Investigative Power Of Federal Trade Commission, Virginia M. Renz
Constitutional Law - Search And Seizure - Investigative Power Of Federal Trade Commission, Virginia M. Renz
Michigan Law Review
The Federal Trade Commission, acting pursuant to the joint resolution of Congress and the Federal Trade Commission Act, sought a writ of mandamus compelling the corporation to answer questionnaires relating to its total volume of business, net sales, net cost of materials, annual cash salary paid to each officer, etc. This information was demanded as part of a general investigation of the financial condition of agricultural products. The purpose of the investigation was to enable Congress to determine whether new legislation should be enacted or existing legislation amended. Held, the writ of mandamus should be granted. The Fourth Amendment …