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Articles 1 - 30 of 111
Full-Text Articles in Law
Prosecutorial Storytelling Through Intrinsic Evidence, Brian Chen
Prosecutorial Storytelling Through Intrinsic Evidence, Brian Chen
Pepperdine Law Review
Crimes make for compelling stories. So juries make for an eager audience. Jurors want to—indeed, expect to—learn what the defendant did, how they did it, and why they deserve punishment. Capable prosecutors know how to deliver. Trial narratives empower jurors to link discrete pieces of evidence and infer facts from circumstantial proof. Only then can they render a verdict consistent with their sense of justice. Federal courts thus afford wide leeway for prosecutors to present their case as they please, with the evidence at their disposal. The Federal Rules of Evidence delineates the scope of that discretion. Under Rule 404(b), …
Racial Discrimination In Jury Selection: The Urgent Need For Sixth Amendment Protections For Black Capital Defendants, Claire Austin
Racial Discrimination In Jury Selection: The Urgent Need For Sixth Amendment Protections For Black Capital Defendants, Claire Austin
Marquette Benefits and Social Welfare Law Review
In the U.S., death row is made up of a disproportionate number of black persons. In capital trials, black defendants often face all white juries. The deep-rooted racial discrimination in the justice system impacts jury selection because prosecutors use peremptory strikes to remove black jurors from the jury panel. As the law stands today, the Sixth Amendment guarantee of an impartial jury made up of a fair representation of the jury applies only to the pool of jurors called in for jury service, not those who are actually selected to hear the case.
This comment analyzes the Supreme Court decision, …
This Isn't A Reality Show: How Social Media Livestreams Of High-Profile Criminal Trials May Violate One's Right To A Fair Trial, Ryan Fenn
St. John's Law Review
(Excerpt)
Since the invention of television in 1927, the American legal system faced drastic changes. In 1935, the first trial was broadcast to the public in the case of Bruno Hauptmann. During the trial, “[e]laborate telegraph equipment” was installed in the courtroom, with “sound and motion picture equipment . . . plainly visible in the [courtroom] balcony.” From 1935 on, broadcasting technology has been utilized in the courtroom to convey the inner workings of certain courts to the public, which has stimulated debate over whether the use of this technology is conducive to a fair trial under the Sixth and …
A Second Look For Children Sentenced To Die In Prison, Kathryn E. Miller
A Second Look For Children Sentenced To Die In Prison, Kathryn E. Miller
Articles
Scholars have championed “second look” statutes as a decarceral tool. Second look statutes allow certain incarcerated people to seek resentencing after having served a portion of their sentences. This Essay weighs the advantages and disadvantages of these statutes as applied to children sentenced to die in prison and argues that focusing on this small, discrete group may be a digestible entry point for more conservative states who fear widespread resentencing. Moreover, because early data indicates that children convicted of homicide and released as adults have very low recidivism rates, second look beneficiaries are likely to pose little threat to public …
The Informed Jury, Daniel Epps, William Ortman
The Informed Jury, Daniel Epps, William Ortman
Vanderbilt Law Review
The right to a criminal jury trial is a constitutional disappointment. Cases almost never make it to a jury because of plea bargaining. In the few cases that do, the jury is relegated to a narrow factfinding role that denies it normative voice or the ability to serve as a meaningful check on excessive punishment.
One simple change could situate the jury where it belongs, at the center of the criminal process. The most important thing juries do in criminal cases is authorize state punishment. But today, when a jury returns a guilty verdict, it authorizes punishment without any idea …
Re-Imprisonment Without A Jury Trial: Supervised Release And The Problem Of Second-Class Status, Stephen A. Simon
Re-Imprisonment Without A Jury Trial: Supervised Release And The Problem Of Second-Class Status, Stephen A. Simon
Cleveland State Law Review
The Supreme Court’s 2019 decision in United States v. Haymond shone a light on a practice that has not yet received attention commensurate with its significance: the re-imprisonment of individuals on supervised release without a jury trial. At first blush, the decision is most notable for setting bounds on the government’s ability to re-imprison individuals on supervised release without observing the constitutional rights normally available to defendants in criminal prosecutions. However, examination of the opinions reveals that the decision’s immediate doctrinal impact was quite limited. Moreover, although the three opinions issued in the case reflected disagreements among the Justices, all …
Criminal Justice Citizenship, Daniel S. Mcconkie Jr.
Criminal Justice Citizenship, Daniel S. Mcconkie Jr.
College of Law Faculty Publications
The American criminal justice system is fundamentally democratic and should reflect an ideal of citizenship that is equal, participatory, and deliberative. Unfortunately, the outcomes of criminal cases are now almost always determined by professionals (prosecutors, defense attorneys, and judges) instead of by juries. This overly bureaucratized system of adjudication silences the voice of the people. A better system would strengthen “criminal justice citizenship,” which refers to the right of the citizenry to participate, directly and indirectly, in the criminal justice system and to deliberate in its workings.
The three key principles of criminal justice citizenship are membership, participation, and deliberation. …
The Defamation Injunction Meets The Prior Restraint Doctrine, Doug Rendleman
The Defamation Injunction Meets The Prior Restraint Doctrine, Doug Rendleman
San Diego Law Review
This article maintains that, under defined circumstances, a judge should be able to grant an injunction that forbids the defendant’s proved defamation. It analyzes the common law of defamation, the constitutional prior restraint doctrine, the constitutional protection for defamation that stems from New York Times v. Sullivan, and injunctions and their enforcement.
In Near v. Minnesota, the Supreme Court expanded protection for expression by adding an injunction to executive licensing as a prior restraint. Although the Near court circumscribed the injunction as a prior restraint, it approved criminal sanctions and damages judgment for defamation. An injunction that forbids the defendant’s …
Down To The Last Strike: The Effect Of The Jury Lottery On Criminal Convictions, Scott Kostyshak, Neel U. Sukhatme
Down To The Last Strike: The Effect Of The Jury Lottery On Criminal Convictions, Scott Kostyshak, Neel U. Sukhatme
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
How much does luck matter to a criminal defendant in a jury trial? We use rich data on jury selection to causally estimate how parties who are randomly assigned a less favorable jury (as proxied by whether their attorneys exhaust their peremptory strikes) fare at trial. Our novel identification strategy uniquely captures variation in juror predisposition using data unobserved by the econometrician but observed by attorneys. Criminal defendants who lose the “jury lottery” are more likely to be convicted than similarly-situated counterparts, with a significant increase (18-20 percentage points) for Black defendants. Our results are robust to alternate specifications and …
Casting Aspersions In Patent Trials, Daniel Harris Brean, Bryan P. Clark
Casting Aspersions In Patent Trials, Daniel Harris Brean, Bryan P. Clark
Daniel Harris Brean
Upside-Down Juries, Josh Bowers
Upside-Down Juries, Josh Bowers
Northwestern University Law Review
The practical disappearance of the jury trial ranks among the most widely examined topics in American criminal justice. But, by focusing on trial scarcity, scholars have managed to tell only part of the story. The unexplored first-order question is whether juries even do their work well. And the answer to that question turns on the kinds of work jury members are typically required to do. Once upon a time, trials turned upon practical reasoning and general moral blameworthiness. Modern trials have come to focus upon legal reasoning and technical guilt accuracy. In turn, the jury has evolved from a flexible …
Putting Equality To A Vote: Individual Rights, Judicial Elections, And The Arkansas Supreme Court, Billy Corriher
Putting Equality To A Vote: Individual Rights, Judicial Elections, And The Arkansas Supreme Court, Billy Corriher
University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review
No abstract provided.
Recent Development: Givens V. State: Preservation Of Allegedly Inconsistent Jury Verdicts In A Criminal Trial Must Be Made By Objection Before The Verdicts Are Rendered Final And The Jury Is Dismissed, Nicholas Mastracci
University of Baltimore Law Forum
The Court of Appeals of Maryland held that a defendant waives review of any issue as to allegedly inconsistent verdicts by failing to object before the verdicts become final and the court discharges the jury. Givens v. State, 449 Md. 433, 486, 144 A.3d 717, 748 (2016). Although the defendant in this case did not request plain error review, the court stated that the alleged inconsistent verdicts were not clear and obvious; therefore the four-factor plain error test was not met. Id. at 482, 144 A.3d at 746.
On November 15, 2011, several people including Dominic Givens ("Givens"), pulled up …
No Un Jurado De Mis Pares: Juror Exclusion Of Limited English Proficient Speakers., Michael Mccann
No Un Jurado De Mis Pares: Juror Exclusion Of Limited English Proficient Speakers., Michael Mccann
The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice
In the context of fulfilling civic duties as a citizen, accessibility to language assistance programs ensures every individual, including those with limited English proficiency (LEP), is afforded the opportunity to exercise their fundamental rights. Preservation of the integrity of the justice system must be provided in a comprehensive manner, not merely in one part of the legal proceedings or isolated to one part of the courthouse. LEP citizens should be integrated in public society, not disqualified from it. Statutes that create overly burdensome language proficiency standards create problems with the jury selection process. These standards limit and often deny LEP …
The English Fire Courts And The American Right To Civil Jury Trial, Jay Tidmarsh
The English Fire Courts And The American Right To Civil Jury Trial, Jay Tidmarsh
Journal Articles
This Article uncovers the history of a long-forgotten English court system, the “fire courts,” which Parliament established to resolve dispute between landlords and tenants in urban areas destroyed in catastrophic fires. One of the fire courts’ remarkable features was the delegation of authority to judges to adjudicate disputes without juries. Because the Seventh Amendment’s right to a federal civil jury trial depends in part on the historical practice of English courts in 1791, this delegation bears directly on the present power of Congress to abrogate the use of juries in federal civil litigation.
Parliament enacted fire-courts legislation on eight occasions …
Peer Review: Navigating Uncertainty In The United States Jury System, Anna Offit
Peer Review: Navigating Uncertainty In The United States Jury System, Anna Offit
Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters
This Article examines American prosecutors’ approaches to uncertainty during voir dire. At different points during trial preparation— and during jury selection itself—lawyers draw on multiple interpretive systems to make sense of ordinary citizens. Taking Assistant United States Attorneys in a federal jurisdiction in the Northeast United States as a case study, and drawing on ethnographic research, I focus on three systems prosecutors alternately (and sometimes simultaneously) use to evaluate jurors: (1) probabilistic and evaluative analogies, (2) juror-types generated from the details of criminal cases, and (3) local knowledge stemming from prosecutors’ relationships and experiences outside of the courtroom. I show …
Mixing Law And Equity Causes Of Action Does Not Preclude A Jury Trial, Philip M. Halpern
Mixing Law And Equity Causes Of Action Does Not Preclude A Jury Trial, Philip M. Halpern
Pace Law Review
This article addresses the issue of the preclusion of jury trials in actions which contemplate both legal and equitable relief. Part II of this article addresses the constitutional and statutory history of New York Civil Practice Law and Rules (“CPLR”) Section 4101 concerning issues triable by a jury and the dichotomy between those actions triable by a jury and equitable actions triable by the court alone. Part III of this article addresses the interplay between CPLR Sections 4101 and 4102, concerning demand and waiver of trial by jury, and the analysis developed by the courts to determine whether a jury …
To Instruct, Or Not To Instruct, That Is The Question, Jared Guemmer
To Instruct, Or Not To Instruct, That Is The Question, Jared Guemmer
Missouri Law Review
In State v. Jackson, the Supreme Court of Missouri considered whether a trial court must instruct the jury regarding a lesser included offense. Specifically, it confronted this question in the context of a “nested” lesser included offense: an offense whose elements are entirely subsumed by the greater offense, and the greater offense has some “differential element” that the State bears the burden to prove. The court ultimately concluded that a jury instruction on such a lesser included offense, when requested by the defendant, must always be granted. A judge’s refusal to grant the requested instruction jeopardizes the defendant’s right to …
Foreign Sovereign Immunity - Rex V. Cia. Pervana De Vapores, S.A., Richard O. Ward
Foreign Sovereign Immunity - Rex V. Cia. Pervana De Vapores, S.A., Richard O. Ward
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
International Mass Tort Litigation: Forum Non Conveniens And The Adequate Alternative Forum In Light Of The Bhopal Disaster, Stephen L. Cummings
International Mass Tort Litigation: Forum Non Conveniens And The Adequate Alternative Forum In Light Of The Bhopal Disaster, Stephen L. Cummings
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Gradually Exploded: Confrontation Vs. The Former Testimony Rule., Tim Donaldson
Gradually Exploded: Confrontation Vs. The Former Testimony Rule., Tim Donaldson
St. Mary's Law Journal
Observing live court testimony allows a jury to determine witness credibility. This is called demeanor evidence. Allowing the introduction of transcripts of prior testimony by a witness offends a defendant's right to confrontation guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution. Loss of demeanor evidence can heighten sensitivity surrounding the constitutional demands of unavailability and an opportunity for cross-examination. But the loss of this evidence is discounted when dealing with the admissibility of prior testimony as long as a defendant was formerly afforded an opportunity to cross-examine. Demeanor evidence, however, is still treated as a non-essential component of …
Court Of Appeals Of New York, People V. Henriquez, Nicholas Melillo
Court Of Appeals Of New York, People V. Henriquez, Nicholas Melillo
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Newsroom: Yelnosky On State Pension Dispute, Roger Williams University School Of Law
Newsroom: Yelnosky On State Pension Dispute, Roger Williams University School Of Law
Life of the Law School (1993- )
No abstract provided.
Court Of Appeals Of New York - People V. Gajadhar, Joseph Maehr
Court Of Appeals Of New York - People V. Gajadhar, Joseph Maehr
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Juror Disclosiveness, Empathy, And Interpersonal Communication Competence On Jury Selection, Owen P. Terry
The Effects Of Juror Disclosiveness, Empathy, And Interpersonal Communication Competence On Jury Selection, Owen P. Terry
Honors Theses
The trial jury is one of the most basic elements of our court system and is vital for ensuring a fair trial for all parties involved in a case. This research was concerned with the final stage of the jury selection process in which attorneys are able to select, through various challenges, the jurors who are most well suited for service. Particularly, the goal of this research was to determine whether certain juror communicator characteristics, namely interpersonal communication competence and its derivatives, had effects upon jury selection. A sample of potential jurors completed questionnaires related to these characteristics, and the …
Limits On The Search For Truth In Criminal Procedure: A Comparative View, Jenia I. Turner
Limits On The Search For Truth In Criminal Procedure: A Comparative View, Jenia I. Turner
Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters
Across diverse legal traditions, the search for truth is a basic function of the criminal process. Uncovering the truth about the charged crime is regarded as an essential precondition to achieving justice, enforcing criminal law, and legitimating the verdict. Yet while truthseeking is a broadly accepted goal in the criminal process, no system seeks the truth at all costs. The search for truth must on occasion yield to considerations related to efficiency, democratic participation, and protection of individual rights.
Different jurisdictions around the world show different preferences with respect to the tradeoffs between these values and the search for truth …
Sentencing And Prior Convictions: The Past, The Future, And The End Of The Prior-Conviction Exception To "Apprendi", Nancy J. King
Sentencing And Prior Convictions: The Past, The Future, And The End Of The Prior-Conviction Exception To "Apprendi", Nancy J. King
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
This article traces the fascinating history of early efforts to identify defendants and their prior convictions as well as the evolving use of prior convictions in aggravating punishment; examines how contemporary repeat offender penalties fall short of punishment goals and contribute to the racially lopsided profile of punishment today; and critiques potential justifications for the prior conviction exception to the rule in Apprendi v. New Jersey, arguing that the exception should be abandoned. The article summarizes empirical research testing the relationship between prior convictions and examining the efficacy of repeat offender sentences in reducing recidivism; collects commentary on the use …
Constitutionality Of Caps: Upholding Missouri's Right To Jury Trial And The Non-Economic Damages Debate, The, Rachel Lawrence
Constitutionality Of Caps: Upholding Missouri's Right To Jury Trial And The Non-Economic Damages Debate, The, Rachel Lawrence
Missouri Law Review
This Note argues that the Watts decision appropriately invalidated the statutory limits on economic damages, finding non-economic caps on damages unconstitutional. Part II of this Note analyzes the facts and holding of Watts. Part III examines previous constitutional challenges to Missouri Revised Statutes chapter 538 and how the court interpreted constitutional language to reach its decision. Next, Part IV explains the court’s rationale in Watts. Last, Part V explains why the court was correct in declaring noneconomic damage caps unconstitutional and explores the policy issues behind statutory limitations on damages.
Some Important Causes For Settlement In American Civil Litigation, Felipe Forte Cobo
Some Important Causes For Settlement In American Civil Litigation, Felipe Forte Cobo
LLM Theses and Essays
This paper focuses on pure economic disputes such as contract, real property and tort conflicts, in which the economic efficiency model is very accepted. In this limited scenario, the consensual resolution of disputes is always more efficient than decisions made by a third-party decision-maker, whether from a post-trial or pre-trial perspective.
Considering that lower transaction costs drive parties towards settlement, part II of this essay provides an overview of the American costs of legal disputes, framing several issues that might be determinative to settlements. Part III explores how two specific American procedural institutes – discovery and civil jury trial – …
Litigation And Democracy: Restoring A Realistic Prospect Of Trial, Stephen Subrin, Stephen B. Burbank
Litigation And Democracy: Restoring A Realistic Prospect Of Trial, Stephen Subrin, Stephen B. Burbank
Stephen N. Subrin
In this essay we review some of the evidence confirming, and some of the reasons underlying, the phenomenon of the vanishing trial in federal civil cases and examine some of the costs of that phenomenon for democratic values, including in particular democratic values represented by the right to a jury trial under the Seventh Amendment. We discuss the Supreme Court’s recent pleading decisions in Twombly and Iqbal as examples of procedural attacks on democracy in four dimensions: (1) they put the right to jury trial in jeopardy; (2) they undercut the effectiveness of congressional statutes designed to compensate citizens for …