Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- International Law (89)
- Antitrust and Trade Regulation (33)
- Economics (31)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (31)
- Comparative and Foreign Law (30)
-
- Law and Economics (30)
- Intellectual Property Law (27)
- Commercial Law (25)
- Law and Society (17)
- Business Organizations Law (14)
- Science and Technology Law (14)
- Dispute Resolution and Arbitration (12)
- Human Rights Law (12)
- Internet Law (12)
- Law and Politics (12)
- Public Law and Legal Theory (12)
- Banking and Finance Law (11)
- Environmental Law (11)
- Health Law and Policy (11)
- Constitutional Law (10)
- Consumer Protection Law (10)
- Jurisprudence (10)
- Agriculture Law (9)
- Computer Law (8)
- Conflict of Laws (8)
- Contracts (8)
- Food and Drug Law (8)
- Government Contracts (8)
Articles 91 - 109 of 109
Full-Text Articles in Law
Not Enough? An Examination Of China’S Compliance With The Intentions Of The Trips Accord, Jonathan Mark W.W. Chu
Not Enough? An Examination Of China’S Compliance With The Intentions Of The Trips Accord, Jonathan Mark W.W. Chu
ExpressO
As China is in its third year as a member of the World Trade organization, there is much anticipation as to whether its protection of intellectual property rights is up to international standards. Being one of the largest trading nations in the world, much attention has been given to China’s development since its accession to the WTO. The US Chamber of Commerce has recently made a visit to China in order to examine its progress on implementing WTO rules and the WTO’s Sixth Session of the Ministerial Conference will be hosted by Hong Kong, China. As an increasing amount of …
Test Of Multilateralism In International Trade: U.S. Steel Safeguards, Y.S. Lee
Test Of Multilateralism In International Trade: U.S. Steel Safeguards, Y.S. Lee
ExpressO
The highly publicized safeguard measures applied by the United States to an array of steel products in 2002 became one of the biggest and the most controversial trade disputes in recent history. Virtually all major trading nations in the world, including European Communities, Japan, China, Brazil, Korea, New Zealand, Switzerland and Norway were the direct parties to this dispute with the United States. The contentious legal grounds of the U.S. safeguard measures as well as the lack of adequate consultations between the United States and its trading counterparts have brought the international community close to a full-scale trade war. This …
Trips' Rebound: How The Agreement On Trade-Related Aspects Of Intellectual Property Rights ("Trips") Can Ricochet Back Against The United States: An Historical Analysis, Donald Harris
ExpressO
No abstract provided.
Patent Wars In The Valley Of The Shadow Of Death: The Pharmaceutical Industry, Ethics And Global Trade, Uche Ewelukwa
Patent Wars In The Valley Of The Shadow Of Death: The Pharmaceutical Industry, Ethics And Global Trade, Uche Ewelukwa
ExpressO
No abstract provided.
How Do The Social Benefits And Costs Of The Patent System Stack Up In Pharmaceuticals?, Daniel J. Gifford
How Do The Social Benefits And Costs Of The Patent System Stack Up In Pharmaceuticals?, Daniel J. Gifford
ExpressO
This paper explores the workings of the patent system in the context of the generation of new pharmaceutical products. First it identifies the relevant characteristics of the patent system and its relation to the market. The paper concedes that, in general, the patent system is probably the best way of generating new technology, in substantial part because that system uses the market to provide both incentives and rewards. The paper also identifies downsides of this patent/market system: deadweight loss and the unresponsiveness of that patent/market system to the needs of the poor. The paper then explores the social costs and …
Partnerships With Monarchs: Univeiling And Re-Examining The Pattern Of "Third World" Economic Development In The Petroleum And Energy Sector, Diane M. Bales
Partnerships With Monarchs: Univeiling And Re-Examining The Pattern Of "Third World" Economic Development In The Petroleum And Energy Sector, Diane M. Bales
ExpressO
No abstract provided.
Privately Subsidized Recycling Schemes And Their Potential Harm To The Environment Of Developing Countries: Does International Trade Law Have A Solution?, Arie Reich
ExpressO
The article discusses the problem of privately subsidized recycling schemes that are common in the developed countries and that may in certain circumstances harm the environment of developing countries as a result of the asymmetry in economic development and environmental protection between them and the developed countries where the products originate. This may happen, for instance, when such products are exported to developing countries and have a negative impact on the economic viability of collection and recycling of their own waste. Newly established and still struggling recycling plants, unsupported by private or governmental subsidies or other protective measures prevailing in …
Will The Wto Turn Green? The Implications Of Extending Observer Status To Multilateral Environmental Agreements, Richard L. Skeen
Will The Wto Turn Green? The Implications Of Extending Observer Status To Multilateral Environmental Agreements, Richard L. Skeen
ExpressO
This article addresses whether the WTO should extend permanent observer status to multilateral environmental agreements and analyzes the impact of injecting environmental issues into the multilateral trading system. The paper begins with a chronological analysis of the transition from the GATT governance of international trade to the formation of the WTO and will also examine influences upon the formation and the agenda of the Committee on Trade and the Environment. The discussion continues with a look at the Committee on Trade and the Environment’s first year of progress and discussion of the critical report entitled Special Studies 4: Trade and …
After The Argentine Crisis: Can The Imf Prevent Corruption In Its Lending? A Model Approach, Juan Carlos Linares
After The Argentine Crisis: Can The Imf Prevent Corruption In Its Lending? A Model Approach, Juan Carlos Linares
ExpressO
This paper focuses on curtailing the corruption inherent in the lending practices of the IMF and, subsequently, preventing another economic disaster as has occurred in Argentina. In fact, if it is at all to succeed in future attempts to restore a state’s monetary and fiscal standing, the IMF should incorporate language of the Accounting and Record-keeping provisions of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act into its loan agreement policies, thereby conditioning its loans upon transparency and good governance over borrowed funds. Part I of this article introduces corruption and its affect on international lending. Part II describes the IMF and …
Beggar-Thy-Neighbor? Why The Wto Appellate Body’S Enforcement Of A Rigorous “Parallelism Requirement” Limits The Exemption Of Regional Trade Agreement Partners From The Application Of Safeguard Measures, Jordan Taylor
ExpressO
The recent WTO Appellate Body decision in U.S. – Steel Safeguards provided a new wrinkle in the AB’s treatment of Regional Trade Agreement members who seek to exempt each other from the application of safeguard measures. Previously, the AB had supported a rigorous “parallelism requirement” compelling Members to equate the scope of the countries investigated with the scope of the countries upon which the safeguard measures would be applied before it would consider whether Article XXIV provided an affirmative defense permitting the exclusion of RTA partners from the application of such measures. Where there was an impermissible “gap” as between …
Arthritic Flexibilities: Analysis Of Wto Action Regarding Paragraph 6 Of The Doha Declaration On The Trips Agreement And Public Health, Brook K. Baker
Arthritic Flexibilities: Analysis Of Wto Action Regarding Paragraph 6 Of The Doha Declaration On The Trips Agreement And Public Health, Brook K. Baker
ExpressO
This paper explores the tortured history of developing countries’ pursuit of access to affordable generic medicines that they are unable to produce efficiently on their own. Having lost rights to treat medicines as essential commodities and as generalized exceptions to patent protections in the WTO TRIPS Agreement, developing countries and public health activists temporarily reasserted the primacy of health over profits in the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health in November of 2001. However, since most developing countries lack meaningful pharmaceutical capacity to manufacture medicines efficiently on their own, they needed flexibility to import medicines from countries …
The Dogmatic And Practical Implications Of Article 78 Of The United Nations Convention On Contracts For The International Sale Of Goods (Cisg) On Claims For Interest Under International Sales Contracts. , Friso Garbers
ExpressO
The paper deals with the current controversy in regard to the interpretation of article 78 Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG). In particular, the determination of the interest rate is discussed in detail.
Developing Internationally Uniform Liability Principles For Harms From Genetically Modified Organisms , Ryan C. Hansen
Developing Internationally Uniform Liability Principles For Harms From Genetically Modified Organisms , Ryan C. Hansen
ExpressO
This paper analyzes the current legal principles regarding liabillity for harms from genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the U.S. and E.U., as well as the various international policies and mechanisms affecting GMOs
Wto Plus: Creating Liberal Investment Through Regulating Tax Incentives, Jeremiah Johnson
Wto Plus: Creating Liberal Investment Through Regulating Tax Incentives, Jeremiah Johnson
ExpressO
The World Trade Organization’s (WTO) narrow reading of the Agreement on Trade Related Investment Measures (TRIMs) should be expanded to prohibit specific and targeted tax incentives aimed at attracting foreign investment. These tax incentives restrict investment and trade liberalization. This paper proposes that trade and investment are intrinsically linked, and as such, the WTO is the proper forum to regulate investment measures. This paper argues the case against specific foreign investment attracting tax incentives. These incentives do little to actually attract investment, and are harmful to development. Individual tax incentives also limit the collective global benefits of investment. This paper …
A Gradual Shift In U.S. Privacy Laws Towards A Comprehensive Regime , Kamaal R. Zaidi
A Gradual Shift In U.S. Privacy Laws Towards A Comprehensive Regime , Kamaal R. Zaidi
ExpressO
This paper examines the current trends in a predominantly sectoral U.S. privacy regime that appears to be becoming more comprehensive in nature with respect to data privacy protection. This trend has been greatly attributed to the European Union's comprehensive position on data privacy protection. This paper investigates the growth in U.S. data privacy protection in relation to federal and state legislative history, federal administrative procedures, and private industry efforts. This shift from sectoral to comprehensive regimes is significant in the backdrop of U.S-EU trade relations.
A Broader View Of Corporate Inversions: The Interplay Of Tax, Corporate And Economic Implications, Orsolya Kun
A Broader View Of Corporate Inversions: The Interplay Of Tax, Corporate And Economic Implications, Orsolya Kun
ExpressO
Multinational corporations have, in substantial numbers, moved their corporate residence from the U.S. to Bermuda, for the purpuse of minimizing U.S. taxation on their worldwide income. This study reviews the forms of these "corporate inversion transactions," and explores their tax implications, as well as their corporate governance implications and motivations. It is the first scholarly study to examine the corporate governance implications of inversions, and it concludes that previously unexplored aspects of the change of corporate domicile result in substantial reduction of accountability of directors and officers and significant impediments to enforcement of shareholder rights.
Atca, Doe V. Unocal: A Paquete Habana Approach To The Rescue, John Haberstroh
Atca, Doe V. Unocal: A Paquete Habana Approach To The Rescue, John Haberstroh
ExpressO
The article's centerpiece is the Ninth Circuit litigation (Doe v. Unocal) charging Unocal Corp. with complicity in the Burma’s government’s use of forced labor. The article first examines the Alien Tort Claims Act, under which the action is brought, through an exploration of that statute’s original purpose and historical context. The article then looks at the modern revival of ATCA in international human rights claims, and finally closely considers the Unocal litigation, in particular the September 18, 2002 decision favoring the plaintiffs. (The 2002 decision is undergoing review by an en banc panel of the Ninth Circuit, with the panel’s …
Institutional And Substantive Reform Of The Anti-Dumping And Subsidy Agreements – Lessons From The Israeli Experience, Arie Reich
ExpressO
This article proposes several amendments to the Anti-Dumping (AD) Agreement and the chapter on Countervailing Duties (CVD) of the Subsidies Agreement, drawing from the experience of the State of Israel in AD and CVD administration over more than a decade. In particular, the Article argues for the need for international regulation of the institutional settings of such administration within Member States. To this end, provisions should be added to the relevant WTO agreements that relate to the nature and composition of the national administering authorities, with the guiding principle being to ensure independence of the authorities and objectivity, fairness and …
Imf Conditionality As Investment Regulation - A Theoretical Analysis, Daniel R. Kalderimis
Imf Conditionality As Investment Regulation - A Theoretical Analysis, Daniel R. Kalderimis
ExpressO
This article examines the intersection between the International Monetary Fund (“IMF”) and foreign investment. Although the IMF was not originally designed to regulate foreign investment, IMF policies have famously required capital account liberalization as a condition for access to IMF credit. This article explores the implications of such conditionality and finds it problematic. Investment conditionality is outside the IMF’s mandate, difficult to reconcile with other existing investment regulation instruments, inimical to democracy and potentially destabilizing to the debtor country, and ineffective at ensuring long-term stable change. These conclusions necessitate a reappraisal of the governance and operations of the IMF.