Law Commons^™

Exile On Main Street: Competing Traditions And Due Process Dissent, Colin Starger

All Faculty Scholarship

Everybody loves great dissents. Professors teach them, students learn from them, and journalists quote them. Yet legal scholars have long puzzled over how dissents actually impact the development of doctrine. Recent work by notable empirical scholars proposes to measure the influence of dissents by reference to their subsequent citation in case law. This Article challenges the theoretical basis for this empirical approach and argues that it fails to account for the profound influence that uncited dissents have exerted in law. To overcome this gap in the empirical approach, this Article proposes an alternative method that permits analysis of contextual and …

'Leveling The Playing Field' With Contract Principles, Stephen A. Gerst

Stephen A Gerst

No abstract provided.

California Drops The Ball: The Lack Of A Clear Approach To Recklessness In Sport Injury Litigation, Joseph Hnylka

Faculty Scholarship

Joseph Hnylka, California Drops the Ball: The Lack of a Clear Approach to Recklessness in Sport Injury Litigation, 1 Virginia Sports & Entertainment Law Journal 77 (2012).

Responsible Corporate Officer Doctrine: When Is Falling Down On The Job A Crime?, Kathleen M. Boozang

Saint Louis University Journal of Health Law & Policy

No abstract provided.

The Persistence Of Proximate Cause: How Legal Doctrine Thrives On Skepticism, Jessie Allen

Articles

This Article starts with a puzzle: Why is the doctrinal approach to “proximate cause” so resilient despite longstanding criticism? Proximate cause is a particularly extreme example of doctrine that limps along despite near universal consensus that it cannot actually determine legal outcomes. Why doesn’t that widely recognized indeterminacy disable proximate cause as a decision-making device? To address this puzzle, I pick up a cue from the legal realists, a group of skeptical lawyers, law professors, and judges, who, in the 1920s and 1930s, compared legal doctrine to ritual magic. I take that comparison seriously, perhaps more seriously, and definitely in …

The Slippery Shelf: Ceding The Public Trust To Administrative Ambivalence In Offshore Development, Rachel Ganong

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

No abstract provided.

Virginia Should Abolish The Archaic Tort Defense Of Contributory Negligence And Adopt A Comparative Negligence Defense In Its Place, Peter Nash Swisher

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.

Locking In Wedlock: Reconceptualizing Marriage Under A Property Model, Ruth Sarah Lee

Ruth S Lee

Legal commentators have long understood divorce laws to reflect our cultural and ideological understanding of the role of marriage, but have criticized topical divorce laws for either failing to match up with current notions of fairness, or for under-compensating at least one party. As divorce laws have evolved, the way we conceptualize marriage has also evolved. Marriage has been modeled as, inter alia, a commitment, a governance, a promise, a tort-doctrinal duty, a status, and now more popularly, a contract or a partnership. Each model provides its own corollary for fairness and opportunism between spouses, possible remedies upon divorce, and …

History Repeats Itself: The Post-Furman Return To Arbitrariness In Capital Punishment, Lindsey S. Vann

University of Richmond Law Review

Part I of this comment provides a brief review of Furmanandthe circumstances leading to the decision. Part II discusses thefactors indicating current arbitrariness and other recurring factors surrounding the American death penalty. Part III examines the development of the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause since Furman. Finally, Part IV discusses how the Supreme Court should apply its contemporary Eighth Amendment doctrine to the current circumstances surrounding the imposition of the death penalty.

A Positive Political Theory Of Rules And Standards, Tonja Jacobi, Frank Cross, Emerson Tiller

Tonja Jacobi

How judges choose between rules and standards fundamentally shapes case outcomes and the development of broader doctrine. While the literature has much to say about the relative merits of rules versus standards, it has largely failed to produce a comprehensive explanation of how judges make that choice. This Article takes a novel approach, using Positive Political Theory to examine the incentives of higher court judges and the information available to them about how lower court judges will be likely to use those doctrinal tools. By taking seriously both how substantive and ideological judicial preferences shape the choice over doctrinal form …

Dominant Search Engines: An Essential Cultural & Political Facility, Frank Pasquale

Faculty Scholarship

When American lawyers talk about "essential facilities," they are usually referring to antitrust doctrine that has required certain platforms to provide access on fair and nondiscriminatory terms to all comers. Some have recently characterized Google as an essential facility. Antitrust law may shape the search engine industry in positive ways. However, scholars and activists must move beyond the crabbed vocabulary of competition policy to develop a richer normative critique of search engine dominance.

In this chapter, I sketch a new concept of "essential cultural and political facility," which can help policymakers recognize and address situations where a bottleneck has become …

The Four Pillars Of Constitutional Doctrine, Suzanna Sherry

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

Constitutional interpretation, and thus constitutional doctrine, is inevitably controversial. Judges, scholars, lawyers, politicians, and the American public all disagree among themselves, not only about the correct constitutional outcome but even about the right approach to constitutional interpretation. We are unlikely to reach consensus on whether we should read the Constitution as a living and evolving document or instead read it in accordance with a fixed original meaning, much less on whether it does or does not protect campaign contributions, reproductive rights, affirmative action policies, gun ownership, or any of the other contested issues that have recently come before the Supreme …

Foundational Facts And Doctrinal Change, Suzanna Sherry

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

Doctrine is at the center of law and legal analysis. This Article argues that we have fundamentally misunderstood its nature. The conventional approach to legal doctrine focuses on theory and applications. What is the doctrine designed to do and how does it function? But many doctrines cannot be adequately understood or evaluated under the conventional model because they contain an additional, hidden element. They are built on foundational facts: potentially contested factual assumptions embedded in the doctrinal structure itself. Foundational facts are judges' generalized and invisible intuitions about how the world works. Whether a defendant acted in a particular way …

Much Ado About Nothing Much: Protestant Episcopal Church In The Diocese Of Virginia V. Truro Church, Henry L. Chambers Jr., Isaac A. Mcbeth

University of Richmond Law Review

This essay reviews the issues the Supreme Court of Virginia resolved in Truro and notes important issues it did not resolve. Part II supplies the factual background and procedural history ofthe dispute. Part III summarizes the court's opinion and the reasoning underlying its determination that Virginia Code section57-9(A) is not applicable to this particular action. Part IV critiques the opinion, noting the issues the court resolved and how it resolved them. Part V briefly addresses issues that remain unresolved by the court's decision and discusses the implications of leaving those issues unresolved. Part VI presents the authors' conclusions.

The Head-On Collision Of Gasperini And The Derailment Of Erie: Exposing The Futility Of The Accommodation Doctrine, Armando Gustavo Hernandez

Armando G. Hernandez

A simple truism we all learned in our childhood was that the square pegs did not fit into the circular shaped cut-outs. Greek philosophers often struggled with this very same conundrum of squaring the circle. In 1996, the Supreme Court decided Gasperini v. Center for Humanities, Inc., 518 U.S. 415 (1996). The case required application of the Court's Erie jurisprudence. Many commentators hailed the case as the ideal moment to clarify the Court's esoteric body of law. However, writing for a six vote majority, Justice Ginsburg held that state law (the square) and federal law (the circle) could be accommodated. …

In Defence Of The Doctrine Of Forum Non Conveniens, Dan Jerker B. Svantesson

Dan Svantesson

This article examines the doctrine of forum non conveniens as applied in Hong Kong, Australia, the US and Sweden, and considers the criticism that has been raised against the doctrine. The author argues that some of this criticism is valid, some of it is valid only in relation to some countries’ application of the doctrine, and some of the criticism is unfounded. The author concludes that the test applied in Hong Kong and most other common law jurisdictions - the clearly or distinctly more appropriate forum test - is the better option. The author goes on to make a number …

A Suggested Solution To The Problem Of Intestate Succession In Nontraditional Family Arrangements: Taking The “Adoption” (And The Inequity) Out Of The Doctrine Of “Equitable Adoption”, Irene D. Johnson

Saint Louis University Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Destroyed Community Property, Damaged Persons, And Insurers’ Duty To Indemnify Innocent Spouses And Other Co-Insured Fiduciaries: An Attempt To Harmonize Conflicting Federal And State Courts’ Declaratory Judgments, Willy E. Rice

Faculty Articles

Perhaps because of habit or a strong aversion to risks, consumers purchase a considerable amount of insurance generally, and consumers purchase property, indemnity, and liability insurance in particular. Typically, national property and casualty insurers sell property, indemnity, and liability insurance contracts. As a result, those insurers sales and revenues increase from year to year. At the dawn of the 21st century, foreign property and casualty insurers are realizing similar successes.

It is expected that anxious or prudent consumers would insure themselves and their various property interests against strangers, strange events, and perils over which consumers have little control or influence. …

Less Is More: Decluttering The State Action Doctrine, Julie K. Brown

Missouri Law Review

The focus of this law summary is the tenuous distinction between state and private actors, examining both the various state action determinative tests proffered by the United States Supreme Court as well as the circuit courts' application of these tests. Although the Supreme Court has dealt extensively with the issue of state action, and circuit courts have faithfully applied the highest court's tests, problems remain. Many of the Supreme Court's tests are very narrow, proffered in response to carefully defined factual situations. Therefore, whether explicitly in the opinion or a result of later interpretation, most of these tests can only …

Oy Vey! The Bernstein Exception: Rethinking The Doctrine In The Wake Of Constitutional Abuses, Corporate Malfeasance And The “War On Terror”, Breana Frankel

Breana Frankel

Abstract OY VEY! THE BERNSTEIN EXCEPTION: RETHINKING THE DOCTRINE IN THE WAKE OF CONSTITUTIONAL ABUSES, CORPORATE MALFEASANCE AND THE “WAR ON TERROR” Breana Frankel, Assistant Professor, Chapman University School of Law The “Bernstein doctrine” is a classic example of the exception swallowing the rule. The Bernstein exception allows the Executive to intercede in act of state cases when it determines that adjudication would not harm U.S.-foreign relations. The Exception was initially intended solely to permit victims of Nazi war crimes to recover in United States courts. However, in the more than 50 years since its inception, the Bernstein doctrine has …

An Overview Of The Doctrine Of The Piercing Of The Corporate Veil As Applied By Latin American Countries: A U.S. Legal Creation Exported To Civil Law Jurisdictions, Joseph Mauricio Bello

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

Piercing the corporate veil is a doctrine created within the United States (U.S.) common law system.

The New Doctrinalism In Constitutional Scholarship And Heller V. District Of Columbia, Brannon P. Denning

Brannon P. Denning

This brief essay examines an apparent new trend in constitutional scholarship that focuses less on the fixing of constitutional meaning--the usual focus of constitutional theory--and more on the rules courts develop to implement constitutional commands. This new doctrinalism offers a way forward from the stalemated debates of constitutional theory, and perhaps can bridge the oft remarked upon divide between academics on the one hand, and judges and practitioners on the other. While the New Doctrinalism has already attracted critics who question whether interpretation and doctrine can meaningfully be separated, the essay concludes that its emergence is a welcome one in …

A Question Of Fairness: Should Noerr-Pennington Immunity Extend To Conduct In International Commerical Arbitration?, Randy D. Gordon

Randy D. Gordon

Doctrines Of Waste In A Landscape Of Waste, John A. Lovett

Missouri Law Review

While I do not deny that classic waste cases - conflicts between life tenants and future interest holders over alleged instances of voluntary waste - are less common today than they used to be (but perhaps not as uncommon as some might think), my goals in this article are to reawaken readers to the importance of waste doctrine, to suggest that the great days of waste may not be completely in the past, to recommend some new uses for waste cases as teaching tools, and generally to urge a renewed appreciation for waste - an appreciation that Dale Whitman, for …

Revisiting The Doctrine Of Intergenerational Equity In Global Environmental Governance, Lynda M. Collins

Dalhousie Law Journal

In the absence of binding international enforcement mechanisms, global environmental governance must rely on a legal framework that has widespread normative force around the world. In addition, such a framework should be sufficiently detailed and pragmatic to allow for effective implementation, should achieve the goal of environmental protection, and should be reasonable in terms of the level of sacrifice expected of the present generation, particularly in the developing world. Itis arguedthat the comprehensive doctrine ofintergenerational equity is an effective and appropriate legal framework for global environmental governance. The doctrine ofintergenerational equityposits thepresent generation of humans as simultaneously beneficiaries of the …

“Ask Your Doctor If This Product Is Right For You”: Perez V. Wyeth Laboratories, Inc., Direct-To-Consumer Advertising And The Future Of The Learned Intermediary Doctrine In The Face Of The Flood Of Vioxx® Claims, Corey Schaecher

Saint Louis University Public Law Review

No abstract provided.

Docketology, District Courts And Doctrine, David A. Hoffman, Alan J. Izenman, Jeffrey Lidicker

All Faculty Scholarship

Empirical legal scholars have traditionally modeled trial court judicial opinion writing by assuming that judges act rationally, seeking to maximize their influence by writing opinions in politically important cases. Support for this hypothesis has reviewed published trial court opinions, finding that civil rights and other "hot" topics are more likely to be explained than purportedly ordinary legal problems involved in resolving social security and commercial law cases. This orthodoxy comforts consumers of legal opinions, because it suggests that they are largely representative of judicial work. To test such views, we collected data from a thousand cases in four different jurisdictions. …

Do Ask And Do Tell: Rethinking The Lawyer’S Duty To Warn In Domestic Violence Cases, Margaret B. Drew, Sarah Buel

Faculty Publications

Empirical data document that while domestic violence victims face high risk of recurring abuse, batterers’ lawyers may be privy to information that could avert further harm. Attorneys owe a duty of confidentiality to their clients that can be breached only in extraordinary circumstances, such as when counsel learns her client plans to commit a crime. To resolve the tension between client confidentiality and victim safety, this Article argues that, in the context of domestic violence cases, lawyers have an affirmative duty to (1) screen battering clients who have indicated a likelihood of harming others, (2) attempt to dissuade them from …

Rejecting The Collateral Consequences Doctrine: Silence About Deportation May Or May Not Violate Strickland’S Performance Prong, Sarah Keefe Molina

Saint Louis University Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Vexing Problem Of Authority In Humanitarian Intervention: A Proposal, Fernando R. Tesón

Scholarly Publications

As is well known, the doctrine of humanitarian intervention raises a host of thorny issues: the threshold for intervention, the question of proportionality, the problem of last resort, the dilemma of whether or not to codify standards and procedures, and so forth. In this paper I will not address those issues; crucial and controversial as they are; I will assume that they have been somehow settled. I will also assume that it is desirable to find alternatives to unilateral intervention. The question, then, becomes this: who should authorize humanitarian intervention? Any acceptable authorizing procedure must avoid over-intervention and abuse on …