Law Commons^™

Proposed Citizens Right To Standing Act-Finding The Keys To Unlock The Courthouse Doors, Harold W. Wood, Jr.

Seattle University Law Review

Recent Supreme Court decisions severely restrict the right of citizens to litigate in federal courts. The Court's standing requirements not only limit the ability of citizens to successfully invoke federal court jurisdiction, but also confuse lower courts and litigants attempting to apply the requirements. Standing requirements have met with increasing criticism. And Congress is now considering legislative modification of standing doctrine. Unfortunately, the Court's employment of constitutional foundations in establishing current standing requirements imposes substantial roadblocks Congress must avoid to enact remedial standing legislation. This comment examines the constitutional and pragmatic difficulties of statutory modification of standing requirements and recommends …

The United States Supreme Court: The 1978-79 Term, Paul C. Giannelli

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Kentucky Law Survey: Education: Teachers’ Rights, Keith Graham Hanley, Robert G. Schwemm

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

Tenure occupies an important place in the mind of any new teacher. During the past survey year, the Kentucky courts have demonstrated that this status is not only important to teachers generally; it is essential to continued job security. The aegis of tenure provides not only the substance of teachers’ rights but also the procedure used to protect those rights.

Discharged teachers have alleged violations of the 14th amendment of the U.S. Constitution in both its equal protection and due process aspects and violations of the Kentucky constitution. However, in each instance the courts have summarily dismissed these claims, preferring …

Ideology And History, David F. Forte

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

I do not dispute the philosophical validity of the theory of natural rights. Indeed, I support much, if not most, of the principles embodied in that theory. What I wish to discuss is that to which Dr. Vieira claims to have limited his discussion, viz., the belief that history, specifically American constitutional history, provides a sufficient base to support a natural rights theory. His attempt to find historical support is an instructive example of how ideology can distort the data of history and cause it to be portrayed in a strange and unreal light. Beyond that, Vieira's historical method also …

Documents From Carter's Contemplated Use Of Section 3 (1978), Robert J. Lipshutz, Office Of White House Counsel

Executive Branch Materials

Forms drafted in response to the possibility that President Carter might undergo hemorrhoid surgery under anesthesia. Handwritten notes at the end of the document relate to the draft language and the procedures for notifying congressional leaders of the transfer of powers. The author of the notes is unclear.

Statement On Constitutional Conventions, Society Of American Law Teachers

Statements

In 1978, The Board of Governors of the Society of American Law Teachers issued a statement on the issue of calling for a constitutional convention to amend the Constitution.

The Ohio Bill Of Rights, Paul C. Giannelli

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Board Of Curators Of The University Of Missouri V. Horowitz: Academic Versus Judicial Expertise, R. Lawrence Dessem

Faculty Publications

In Board of Curators of the University of Missouri v. Horowitz' the United States Supreme Court rejected the argument that public university students are constitutionally entitled to a hearing prior to their dismissal from school for academic reasons. In ruling against a former medical student at the University of Missouri-Kansas City, the Court concluded that "the determination whether to dismiss a student for academic reasons requires an expert evaluation of cumulative information and is not readily adapted to the procedural tools of judicial or administrative decisionmaking. ' In this article that conclusion and the several opinions in Horowitz will be …

Deprogramming Members Of Religious Sects , John E. Lemoult

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.

Should The Capital Vote In Congress? A Critical Analysis Of The Proposed D.C. Representation Amendment , U.S. Senator Orrin G. Hatch

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This article describes H.J. Res. 554, the proposed Amendment to obtain voting representation for D.C. It gives a historical overview of the District and its efforts to gain national representation, and presents a critical analysis of the case for District representation, including a summary of the arguments made in favor of the proposed amendment, as well as the constitutional and policy objections to the D.C. Amendment. The article concludes that proponents of the amendment conflate representation of the citizens of the District with representation of the District, and overlook its place as a neutral seat of government.

Note, A Dialogue On The Political Question Doctrine, Thomas B. Mcaffee, Christopher A. Johnson

Scholarly Works

Legal scholars have generally discussed the political question doctrine as part of the larger debate over the legitimacy of judicial review. Points of discordance aside, scholars have agreed that the doctrine is “a classic technique of judicial avoidance, a way of allowing a governmental decision to stand without involving the Court in supporting its legitimacy.” Thus, debate over the objectives, legitimacy and scope of the doctrine has traditionally proceeded from the unquestioned assumption that there exists a body of law which justifies judicial abstention from deciding some types of issues.

In recent years, however, some scholars have challenged the assumption …

National League Of Cities V. Usery―The Commerce Power And State Sovereignty Redivivus , Bernard Schwartz

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.

Juvenile Curfew Ordinances And The Constitution, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Recognizing that a legislature must decide whether to enact a juvenile curfew without the benefit of conclusive data on the effectiveness of such laws, the remainder of this Note will focus primarily upon the constitutional issues raised by such ordinances. The freedom of movement that is limited by a curfew is, it will be argued, an unenumerated right protected by the ninth and fourteenth amendments. The constitutional rights of juveniles, however, -are not necessarily coextensive with those of adults. Certain characteristics of juveniles-in particular, their lesser capacity for reason and self-control-imply that the strength of their right to freedom of …

A Proposal For Revision Of The Florida Constitution: Environmental Rights For Florida Citizens, Martha L. Harrell

Florida State University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Housing For The Elderly: Constitutional Limitations And Our Obligations, Ed Stafman

Florida State University Law Review

No abstract provided.

State Taxation And The Supreme Court: Toward A More Unified Approach To Constitutional Adjudication?, Walter Hellerstein

Michigan Law Review

The first section of this Article examines three recent cases, each addressed to a different constitutional limitation on the scope of state tax power, that may be read as signifying a new approach: Michelin Tire Corp. v. Wages, which concerned the import-export clause; United States v. County of Fresno, which concerned the supremacy clause; and Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady, which concerned the commerce clause. Section II considers the implications of these decisions and explores -the possibility that they share an underlying doctrinal unity.

Judicial Protection Of Minorities, Terrance Sandalow

Articles

In United States v. Carolene Products Co., Justice Stone suggested by indirection that there "may be narrower scope for operation of the presumption of constitutionality" when courts are called upon to determine the validity "of statutes directed at particular religious . . . or national . . . or racial minorities."' In such cases, he explained, "prejudice against discrete and insular minorities may be a special condition, which tends seriously to curtail the operation of those political processes ordinarily to be relied upon to protect minorities, and which may call for a correspondingly more searching judicial inquiry."' Forty years later, …

Reason And The Fourth Amendment―The Burger Court And The Exclusionary Rule , Norman M. Robertson

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.

Power To Define The Constitutional Rights Of Defendants: Congress And The Federal Courts , Richard A. Givens

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.

From Washington To Arlington Heights And Beyond: Discriminatory Purpose In Equal Protection Litigation, Robert G. Schwemm

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

When the Supreme Court decided Washington v. Davis on June 7, 1976, it began a new era in civil rights law. Rejecting the contention that state action is unconstitutional solely because it operates to injure more blacks than whites, the Court held that proof of discriminatory purpose is necessary to establish a claim of racial discrimination under the equal protection clause. In two cases decided the following term—Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. and Castaneda v. Partida—the Court reaffirmed its commitment to the discriminatory purpose requirement, but was badly divided on how to apply the …

United States Trust Company Of New York V. New Jersey―The Contract Clause In A Complex Society, Robert A. Mctamaney

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.

Congressional Power Under The Appointments Clause After Buckley V. Valeo, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

This Note examines the constitutional power of Congress to control the selection of government officers. It first discusses the article II grant itself and concludes that the Court in Buckley correctly interpreted that provision to prohibit direct appointment by Congress of officers who are found to possess "significant authority." The Note then explores possible means not explicitly foreclosed in Buckley by which Congress might influence such appointments and argues that these alternatives are restricted by the same constitutional principles that prohibit direct congressional appointments.

Medical Malpractice Mediation Panels: A Constitional Analysis , Edward F. Seavers, Jr.

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.

Unnatural Acts And The Constitutional Right To Privacy: A Moral Theory , David A. J. Richards

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Constitutionality Of Punitive Damges In Libel Actions, Nicholas J. Jollymore

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.

Adjudication Of Federal Causes Of Action In State Court, Martin H. Redish, John E. Muench

Michigan Law Review

The first section of this article considers the power of state courts to hear federal cases. Since it is now well established that state courts have the constitutional power to adjudicate federal causes of action if Congress so desires, the significant questions concern the method by which the judiciary is to decipher congressional intent. Although the courts have no difficulty where Congress has explicitly addressed the issue of state court jurisdiction, problems do arise in situations where Congress has remained silent on the question. The first section critically examines the traditional criteria employed by the courts for determining congressional intent …

Student Due Process Rights In Academic Dismissals From The Public Schools, R. Lawrence Dessem

Faculty Publications

This article, however, goes beyond the argument that education is one of the most valuable benefits which government in this country provides. The thesis of the article is that education is not only very important to millions of Americans, but that students have constitutionally protected liberty and property interests in their public educations and the courts should therefore require notice and hearing prior to the deprivation of these interests, even when the deprivation is for strictly academic reasons.

Elimination Of Arbitrary Automobile Stops: Theory And Practice, Gary D. Stumpp

Fordham Urban Law Journal

The authority of the police to enforce the statutory restrictions governing vehicle and traffic laws has often been considered to be concomitant with a right to stop motorists arbitrarily to determine their compliance. Recently, some courts have eroded this power, to protect the constitutional rights guaranteed to individuals under the fourth amendment. In their consideration of these arbitrary automobile stops, the courts have utilized a balancing process. They consider the state interest in promoting public safety on the highways through the guaranteed enforcement of the relevant laws, as well as the duty of the police to detect and control crime. …

Eminent Domain--Blight Declaration--Extensive Delay In Initiating Condemnation After Declaration Of Blight May Constitute A Taking Under State Constitution, Janine P. Hornicek

Fordham Urban Law Journal

In 1958, the City of Trenton examined the possibility of redeveloping a large portion of its downtown area. In 1967, after a tortuous planning process, the land designated for redevelopment was declared blighted. Plaintiff, the owner of a large commercial building in this redevelopment area, alleged that in 1963 it began losing tenants because of the widespread publicity given to the threatened condemnation. After the 1967 declaration of blight, the area deteriorated markedly. By 1973, plaintiff’s building was almost entirely vacant, yielding $6,300 in rent compared to costs of $9,500 in insurance changes and $30,000 in annual property taxes. Plaintiff …

Towards A Constitutional Right To Counsel In Matrimonial Litigation, Gary R. Matano

Fordham Urban Law Journal

The marriage institution is the basic unit in the anatomical composition of American society as it exists today. The right to marry and the right to divorce when marriage fails have long been held in the highest esteem by our nation's courts. But some citizens of the State of New York are judicially denied the right to terminate their marriages because they are indigents. The court has denied indigents their requested assignments of counsel when the assistance of counsel was unquestionably necessary for prospective matrimonial litigants. The first problem posed by that holding is that it operates as a virtual …