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Articles 31 - 55 of 55
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Study Of Law And India’S Society: The Galanter Factor, Robert Moog
The Study Of Law And India’S Society: The Galanter Factor, Robert Moog
Law and Contemporary Problems
Moog pursues three related themes or lines of inquiry that have marked her own research, the roots of which are to be found in Marc Galanter's earlier works and the broader law-and-society movement. These include, the significance of lower courts, the role of the local bar, and the evolution of alternatives to formal court proceedings all represent essential areas for exploration in the attempt to understand the successes and failures of the Indian justice system.
Can Might Make Right? The Use Of Force To Impose Democracy And The Arthurian Dilemma In The Modern Era, Scott Thompson
Can Might Make Right? The Use Of Force To Impose Democracy And The Arthurian Dilemma In The Modern Era, Scott Thompson
Law and Contemporary Problems
US President George W. Bush used force to bring the Taliban to its knees and create a fledgling democracy in Afghanistan, then invaded Iraq with the end goal of establishing a democracy there, as well. Meanwhile, presidential hopeful Barack Obama praised those who built democracy's arsenal to vanquish fascism, and who then built a series of alliances and a world order that would ultimately defeat communism, seeming to extol and vindicate the previous US efforts to impose democracy by force. These two leaders' struggles to nail down a definitive answer on whether force should ever be used to impose democracy …
From Branch Ministries To Selma: Why The Internal Revenue Service Should Strictly Enforce The Section 501(C)(3) Prohibition Against Church Electioneering, Sarah Hawkins
Law and Contemporary Problems
On Sunday, March 4, 2007, congregations in African American churches in Selma, Alabama, commemorated the forty-second anniversary of "Bloody Sunday," the 1965 Selma voting-rights march. Celebrating with them were Senators Hillary Rodham Clinton and Barack Obama, both candidates in the 2008 presidential election. Despite federal regulations prohibiting §501(3) nonprofit religious organizations from engaging in partisan political activities, Senators Clinton and Obama each made a campaign stop at prominent African American churches, delivering sermon-like speeches during Sunday services.
Justice In Many Rooms Since Galanter: De-Romanticizing Legal Pluralism Through The Cultural Defense, Mitra Sharafi
Justice In Many Rooms Since Galanter: De-Romanticizing Legal Pluralism Through The Cultural Defense, Mitra Sharafi
Law and Contemporary Problems
Sharafi explores the emergence of legal pluralism during 1970s and 80s and discusses its relation in the cultural defense. Legal pluralism was more than a methodological stance intended to help lawyers and anthropologists talk to each other; it was an ideological commitment. In the 1980s, scholars like Marc Galanter and Sally Merry inaugurated the legal-pluralist sequel to the "what-is-law" debate between legal positivists and natural-law advocate. There are two major changes in the conception of legal pluralism brought about by the works of Galanter and his colleagues. The first was the shift from the understanding of legal pluralism as a …
The “Haves” And “Have-Nots” Within The Organization, Elizabeth A. Hoffman
The “Haves” And “Have-Nots” Within The Organization, Elizabeth A. Hoffman
Law and Contemporary Problems
No abstract provided.
Jail Strip-Search Cases: Patterns And Participants, Margo Schlanger
Jail Strip-Search Cases: Patterns And Participants, Margo Schlanger
Law and Contemporary Problems
Schlanger talks about jail strip-search cases and its participants. Among the interesting features of these cases is that many different kinds of lawyers work on them. Plaintiffs' lawyers include employees of public-interest organizations; large law firm lawyers, often working pro bono, with a cooperating relationship with such a public-interest organization; lawyers with a private prisoners' rights or police-misconduct practice; and lawyers with a more varied or general class-action practice. This is somewhat unusual; the litigation bar has, by all accounts, grown increasingly specialized over the past several generations.
A Holistic Vision Of The Socio-Legal Terrain, Brian Z. Tamanaha
A Holistic Vision Of The Socio-Legal Terrain, Brian Z. Tamanaha
Law and Contemporary Problems
Tamanaha discusses Marc Galanter's holistic vision of the socio-legal terrain. Galanter's socio-legal vision has two central overlapping foci, and he always keeps an eye on each and on their interaction. The first focus is the official state legal system, which he examines from every conceivable angle: who becomes lawyers, how are they trained, how many lawyers are there, what are the circumstances of their work environment, who pays for their services. Galanter also focuses on what they are not doing (intentionally or otherwise), inquiring into the implications and consequences of their inaction. These inquiries extend from the official legal system …
Before Virtue: Halakhah, Dharmasastra, And What Law Can Create, Donald R. Davis Jr.
Before Virtue: Halakhah, Dharmasastra, And What Law Can Create, Donald R. Davis Jr.
Law and Contemporary Problems
Davis, referring to the traditional Jewish and Hindu legal texts, addresses on what law creates or produces. He focuses on both Jewish and Hindu jurisprudence claim that law can create--a human, not a biological homo sapiens, but rather the full ideal of what humans were meant to be. He argues that it is the essential indistinguishability of law and religion in both traditional Judaism and Hinduism that permits the ideal human to be created through religious law.
Legal Limits On Religious Conversion In India, Laura Dudley Jenkins
Legal Limits On Religious Conversion In India, Laura Dudley Jenkins
Law and Contemporary Problems
In contemporary India, government assessments of the legitimacy of conversions tend to rely on two assumptions: first, that people who convert in groups may not have freely chosen conversion, and second, that certain groups are particularly vulnerable to being lured into changing their religion. These assumptions, which pervade the anticonversion laws as well as related court decisions and government committee reports, reinforce social constructions of women and lower castes as inherently naive and susceptible to manipulation. Here, Jenkins contends to carefully scrutinized the assumptions since like "protective" laws in many other contexts, such laws restrict freedom in highly personal, individual …
Afterword, Marc Galanter
Afterword, Marc Galanter
Law and Contemporary Problems
Galanter expresses his appreciation to the wide-ranging collection of articles that flatteringly claim to be inspired or influenced by his work. He determines that apart from a few side trips to the UK and to Israel, all of his works have been clustered in two regions widely separated in both space and culture: predominantly India at first, then predominantly the US, and a mix of both.
When Do Facts Persuade? Some Thoughts On The Market For “Empirical Legal Studies”, Elizabeth Chambliss
When Do Facts Persuade? Some Thoughts On The Market For “Empirical Legal Studies”, Elizabeth Chambliss
Law and Contemporary Problems
Chambliss talks about how Marc Galanter has devoted himself to combating the "jaundiced view" of the civil-justice system. Armed initially with great faith in the power of social science, Galanter and other socio-legal scholars of his generation, as well as many who have followed, have tried to combat misinformation in law and policy with the findings from systematic research--as if the facts would speak for themselves.
An Appreciation Of Marc Galanter’S Scholarship, John Lande
An Appreciation Of Marc Galanter’S Scholarship, John Lande
Law and Contemporary Problems
Lande highlights three of Marc Galanter's works to illustrate qualities that seem especially worth emulating. He includes extended excerpts of his writing because his concepts and language are so evoctive that paraphrasing often does not do them justice. Galanter's works that Lande focuses, include the classic articles, "Why the "Haves" Come Out Ahead: Speculations on the Limits of Legal Change"; and "Case Congregations and Their Careers". The professor's recent book, Lowering the Bar: Lawyer Jokes and Legal Culture, is also featured. The book is the culmination of much of his work on American law.
Monitoring Compliance With Unratified Treaties: The Ilo Experience, Laurence R. Helfer
Monitoring Compliance With Unratified Treaties: The Ilo Experience, Laurence R. Helfer
Law and Contemporary Problems
Helfer challenges the conventional wisdom that the delegation of authority to the International Labor Organization (ILO) involves only modest sovereignty costs. Heifer explains that the ILO has increasingly exercised the authority to monitor compliance with unratified labor treaties and recommendations, and that the exercise of this authority has significant effects. He further notes that this type of monitoring authority is not confined to the ILO, but in fact exists in several other international institutions and issue areas. The case of the ILO therefore suggests that some important delegations arise and thrive outside of the formal channels of authority. This makes …
When, What, And Why Do States Choose To Delegate?, Barbara Koremenos
When, What, And Why Do States Choose To Delegate?, Barbara Koremenos
Law and Contemporary Problems
Koremenos demonstrates that international delegation is an important and nontrivial empirical phenomenon. Using an extensive data set created from the United Nations Treaty Series, she finds that almost half of all international agreements involve delegation of some kind. By exploring the institutional design choices of international delegation, she finds that dispute resolution is the most commonly delegated function and often involves externally delegating authority to an existing arbitration tribunal or an international court. Furthermore, she finds that external delegation in particular increases with the existence of complex cooperation problems such as enforcement and uncertainty and with the heterogeneity and number …
Delegation Success And Policy Failure: Collective Delegation And The Search For Iraqi Weapons Of Mass Destruction, Michael J. Tierney
Delegation Success And Policy Failure: Collective Delegation And The Search For Iraqi Weapons Of Mass Destruction, Michael J. Tierney
Law and Contemporary Problems
Tierney argues that international delegation can have important consequences, even for powerful states. In particular, he contends that the US delegation of inspection authority to United Nations weapons inspectors and to the International Atomic Energy Association after the Gulf War of 1990-91 entailed significant sovereignty costs by affecting the timing and costliness of the subsequent 2003 US invasion of Iraq. Among other things, he notes that the inspectors' independent behavior made it much more difficult for the US to assemble the type of multilateral coalition that would share the costs as it had in the earlier Gulf War. Tierney also …
Sovereignty And Delegation In International Organizations, David Epstein, Sharyn O'Halloran
Sovereignty And Delegation In International Organizations, David Epstein, Sharyn O'Halloran
Law and Contemporary Problems
No abstract provided.
Foreword, Curtis A. Bradley, Judith G. Kelley
Foreword, Curtis A. Bradley, Judith G. Kelley
Law and Contemporary Problems
No abstract provided.
International Delegations And The Values Of Federalism, Neil S. Siegel
International Delegations And The Values Of Federalism, Neil S. Siegel
Law and Contemporary Problems
Siegel argues that the relationship between an international delegation and the values thought to be promoted by a federal structure of government depends upon what would happen in the absence of the international delegation. Focusing on the effect of international delegation on US subnational states, Siegel explains that when the delegation replaces regulation by the federal government that would have displaced state choices anyway, then the effect on federalism values depends on the relative inclinations of the federal government and the international body to decentralize.
International Delegation And State Sovereignty, Oona A. Hathaway
International Delegation And State Sovereignty, Oona A. Hathaway
Law and Contemporary Problems
Hathaway rebuts the claim that state sovereignty almost always suffers when states delegate authority to international institutions. Critics of delegation err, she contends, by overemphasizing the costs but losing sight of some of the substantial benefits of cooperation. She considers the challenge to sovereignty posed by international delegation by focusing on recent debates over the influence of international legal commitments on domestic governance.
The Globalization Of Health And Safety Standards: Delegation Of Regulatory Authority In The Sps Agreement Of The 1994 Agreement Establishing The World Trade Organization, Tim Buthe
Law and Contemporary Problems
Buthe examines why states delegated regulatory authority in the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures, an integral part of the founding treaty of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Buthe argues that, to explain this case of international delegation, principal-agent theory must be complemented by an analysis of cost-benefit calculations of the relevant domestic interest groups. Given these domestic interests, governments decided to institutionalize international cooperation on SPS measures outside of the WTO because they believed that such delegation would minimize the political costs of the loss of policymaking autonomy. Buthe notes, however, that in retrospect it …
Negotiate Or Litigate? Effects Of Wto Judicial Delegation On U.S. Trade Politics, Judith L. Goldstein, Richard H. Steinberg
Negotiate Or Litigate? Effects Of Wto Judicial Delegation On U.S. Trade Politics, Judith L. Goldstein, Richard H. Steinberg
Law and Contemporary Problems
Goldstein and Steinberg argue that the World Trade Organization Appellate Body has been able to use its authority to engage in judicial lawmaking to reduce trade barriers in ways that would not otherwise have been possible through negotiation. This lawmaking authority was not the result of a purposeful delegation; rather, it was an unintended byproduct of the creation of an underspecified set of rules and procedures. There is nevertheless a high rate of compliance with Appellate Body decisions because decentralized enforcement can induce domestic importers to lobby for trade liberalization. In the US, this judicial lawmaking may also allow the …
Delegating To International Courts: Self-Binding Vs. Other-Binding Delegation, Karen J. Alter
Delegating To International Courts: Self-Binding Vs. Other-Binding Delegation, Karen J. Alter
Law and Contemporary Problems
Alter highlights the diverse nature of international delegations to courts. She argues that the roles and tasks delegated to international courts increasingly mimic in form and content the broad variety of tasks delegated to courts in liberal democracies, but that delegating these tasks to international courts is fundamentally different than delegating them to domestic courts because of the implications for national sovereignty. Whereas international courts were initially established to be dispute-resolution bodies, they now also perform administrative review, enforcement, and even constitutional review. Alter explains how each of these judicial roles binds other actors, binds states, or both.
The Concept Of International Delegation, Curtis A. Bradley, Judith G. Kelley
The Concept Of International Delegation, Curtis A. Bradley, Judith G. Kelley
Law and Contemporary Problems
Bradley and Kelley define and clarify the concept of international delegation from both a legal and a social-science perspective. They begin by presenting a definition of international delegation as a grant of authority by two or more states to an international body to make decisions or take actions. They also identify eight types of authority that states may grant: legislative, adjudicative, regulatory, monitoring and enforcement, agenda-setting, research and advice, policy implementation, and redelegation. International bodies will often exercise more than one type of authority, and there will sometimes be uncertainties about whether a particular type of authority fails into a …