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Articles 1 - 30 of 84
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Rule Of Law And Commercial Litigation In Myanmar, Alec Christie
The Rule Of Law And Commercial Litigation In Myanmar, Alec Christie
Washington International Law Journal
After nearly thirty years of self imposed isolation, Myanmar has reemerged as a significant potential destination for foreign investment. One of the key attractions of Myanmar as a destination for foreign investment is its legal system and historical commitment to the rule of law. With ASEAN membership and increasing levels of foreign investment in Myanmar, use of its legal system by foreign investors and their counsel has grown. The aim of this article is to outline, for both investors and legal professionals in other countries throughout the region, Myanmar's legal system and its practical operation in the area of commercial …
Law On Communications Interception During Criminal Investigations, Yohei Suda
Law On Communications Interception During Criminal Investigations, Yohei Suda
Washington International Law Journal
Whereas organized crime severely damages the peace and health of society, and increasingly it is extremely difficult to clarify the truth in criminal investigations without intercepting the telephone communications or other telecommunications of criminals in serious crimes committed by conspiracy, such as organized murder and unlawful trade of drugs or firearms, the purpose of this law is to set forth the requirements, procedures, and other matters that are relevant to the invasive action of intercepting telecommunications, as provided in the Code of Criminal Procedure (Law No. 131, 1948), and are essential for dealing appropriately with such crimes, in such a …
The Japanese Law On Communications Interception During Criminal Investigatons: Translator's Introduction, Yohei Suda
The Japanese Law On Communications Interception During Criminal Investigatons: Translator's Introduction, Yohei Suda
Washington International Law Journal
Japan enacted the Law on Communications Interception During Criminal Investigations last year to help control organized crime. The legislation is, in part, a reaction to domestic and international pressure that grew from recent, well-publicized crimes such as the Aur Shinrikyo attack on a Tokyo subway. The Interception Law is a powerful tool for Japanese law enforcement, however the question of whether the Interception Law violates Japan's constitutional rights to privacy and secrecy of communication has not yet been resolved.
Microfinance And Poverty Alleviation: Lessons From Indonesia's Village Banking System, Yoko Miyashita
Microfinance And Poverty Alleviation: Lessons From Indonesia's Village Banking System, Yoko Miyashita
Washington International Law Journal
Indonesia needs an aggressive poverty reduction strategy to counter the 1997 Asian financial crisis, which has propelled millions of its citizens into poverty. Microfinance is a proven method of reducing poverty and has been successfully used within Indonesia in government-supported programs. In addition to continuing its state-run microfinance programs, Indonesia should support increased non-governmental organization ("NGO") participation in microfinance programs by permitting NGOs to conduct the full range of activities of a state-run microfinance program. Such a move would help to ensure that microfinance services reach people with the least access to the formal financial sector.
Korean Attitues Towards Law, Chan Jin Kim
Korean Attitues Towards Law, Chan Jin Kim
Washington International Law Journal
Transformation is the key word to explain the Korean attitudes towards law. In the early 1950's, nation building gave impetus to economic growth and allowed Korea to quickly pass through the preliminary stages of development. Industrialization, urbanization and eventual emigration of the populace have, in many senses, displaced the traditional social value system based on Confucianism. However, a new value system has yet to take hold. The lack of such guidelines has left Koreans in a state of confusion in a world that continues to change. The Korean Constitution clearly mandates equal protection under the laws for all Koreans. However, …
One Country, Three Systems? Judicial Review In Macau After Ng Ka Lling, Judith R. Krebs
One Country, Three Systems? Judicial Review In Macau After Ng Ka Lling, Judith R. Krebs
Washington International Law Journal
The Ng Ka Ling decision by the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeals and its reversal by the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress, raise serious concerns regarding the adequacy of judicial review and the protection of the rule of law in the new special administrative regions under China's "One Country, Two Systems" approach. Judicial review lies at the forefront of this controversy because it largely delineates the contours of local autonomy and the extent to which those who experience legal violations will have remedies. This Comment explores the roots of the conflict in Hong Kong and examines whether …
A Proposal To Bring The Becca Bill's Runaway-Detention Provisions Into Compliance With Juveniles' Procedural Due Process Rights, Carrie A. Tracy
A Proposal To Bring The Becca Bill's Runaway-Detention Provisions Into Compliance With Juveniles' Procedural Due Process Rights, Carrie A. Tracy
Washington Law Review
The Becca Bill, enacted in Washington State in 1995, changed the way Washington treats runaway juveniles. The Bill creates a series of secure crisis residential centers and authorizes law enforcement officers to take juvenile runaways into custody and place them in these secure facilities. The facilities must keep the admitted juveniles for at least twenty-four hours but no more than five days. This Comment argues that the Becca Bill, which provides no judicial review of the commitment to detention, violates the procedural due process requirements of Washington and U.S. constitutions. While courts have extended procedural due process protection to juveniles' …
Clearly Defining Preclusive Corporate Lock-Ups: A Bright-Line Test For Lock-Up Provisions In Delaware, Michael G. Hatch
Clearly Defining Preclusive Corporate Lock-Ups: A Bright-Line Test For Lock-Up Provisions In Delaware, Michael G. Hatch
Washington Law Review
Merger mania currently grips the United States as corporations scramble to find merger partners to achieve strategic goals. In their quest for a competitive advantage, large corporations are increasingly willing to use hostile takeovers to deny competitors the benefits of a strategic mergers. In response, merging corporations have granted record-breaking lockup. provisions in an attempt to protect their deals. Delaware's current framework for evaluating the validity of lock-up provisions requires courts to apply different levels of scrutiny depending on the form of the transaction. However, Delaware courts have inconsistently applied the correct standard and have failed to identify preclusive lock-ups. …
State V. Parker: Searching The Belongings Of Nonarrested Vehicle Passengers During A Search Incident To Arrest, H. Matthew Munson
State V. Parker: Searching The Belongings Of Nonarrested Vehicle Passengers During A Search Incident To Arrest, H. Matthew Munson
Washington Law Review
The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and Article I, Section 7 of the Washington Constitution generally require a warrant supported by probable cause to conduct a search or seizure. One exception to these requirements is a search incident to arrest, which permits the police to search arrested persons and the area within the arrestee's reach for weapons and evidence. Prior to State v. Parker, when police arrested an occupant of an automobile in Washington, they could search the entire passenger compartment of the vehicle with the exception of locked containers. In State v. Parker, a plurality of …
Doctoring Prescriptions: Federal Barriers To Combating Prescription Drug Fraud Against On-Line Pharmacies In Washington, Eric M. Peterson
Doctoring Prescriptions: Federal Barriers To Combating Prescription Drug Fraud Against On-Line Pharmacies In Washington, Eric M. Peterson
Washington Law Review
Prescription drug abuse represents a significant portion of drg abuse in the United States. Drug-seeking individuals alter, steal, or forge prescriptions to sustain their own dependence on prescription medications or to divert the drugs to sell to others at inflated rates. On-line pharmacies are a relatively new source for prescription medications and a potential target for prescription drug fraud. The federal government recently enacted the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (E-SIGN), which governs electronic signatures and preempts inconsistent provisions of state laws, such as the Washington Electronic Authentication Act (WEAA). WEAA is a legal framework that could …
Impeaching Lying Parties With Their Statements During Negotiation: Demysticizing The Public Policy Rationale Behind Evidence Rule 408 And The Mediation-Privilege Statutes, Lynne H. Rambo
Washington Law Review
Virtually all American jurisdictions have laws—either rules of evidence or mediation-privilege statutes or both—that exclude from evidence statements that parties make during negotiations and mediations. The legislatures (and sometimes courts) that have adopted these exclusionary rules have invoked a public policy rationale: that parties must be able to speak freely to settle disputes, and they will not speak freely if their statements during negotiation can later be admitted against them. This rationale is so widely revered that many courts have relied on it to prohibit the use of negotiation statements to impeach, even when the inconsistency of the negotiation statement …
Ex Parte Young And Federal Remedies For Human Rights Treaty Violations, David Sloss
Ex Parte Young And Federal Remedies For Human Rights Treaty Violations, David Sloss
Washington Law Review
The doctrine of Ex parte Young is typically described as an exception to the immunity granted by the Eleventh Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. This Article contends that the Young doctrine also stands for the proposition that the Supremacy Clause creates an implied right of action for injunctive relief against state and local government officers who violate federal statutes or treaties. That right of action is available to plaintiffs who seek to enforce federal statutes or treaties against government officers unless Congress foreclosed the availability of a Young remedy when it enacted the statute, or the treaty makers foreclosed the …
Fundamental Protection Of A Fundamental Right: Full Recovery Of Child-Rearing Damages For Wrongful Pregnancy, Patricia Baugher
Fundamental Protection Of A Fundamental Right: Full Recovery Of Child-Rearing Damages For Wrongful Pregnancy, Patricia Baugher
Washington Law Review
The U. S. Constitution and Washington statutes protect the right to choose not to have a child as a fundamental right. When a healthy child is born after contraceptive methods fail due to physician negligence, parents can sue on a "wrongful pregnancy" cause of action. In all jurisdictions recognizing wrongful pregnancy, parents may recover damages for medical expenses associated with pregnancy and childbirth. A controversy exists, however, concerning whether parents may recover the ordinary expenses of child rearing. While some states allow full recovery of these expenses, and other states allow recovery of the economic expense offset by the emotional …
Long Live The Dead Hand: A Case For Repeal Of The Rule Against Perpetuities In Washington, Keith L. Butler
Long Live The Dead Hand: A Case For Repeal Of The Rule Against Perpetuities In Washington, Keith L. Butler
Washington Law Review
The common law rule against perpetuities has had a storied career spanning several centuries and two legal systems. The rule developed to curb the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few, and to limit the control of property by those no longer alive to use it. Legendary for its complexity, the rule has undergone statutory reform in many states; some states have gone so fara s to repeal the rule outright. Washington has embraced two of the major reforms of the rule and is considering repeal. This Comment argues that the rule, even with reform, no longer serves …
Toward Transaction-Specific Standards Of Directorial Fiduciary Duty In The Tracking-Stock Context, Jeffrey J. Schick
Toward Transaction-Specific Standards Of Directorial Fiduciary Duty In The Tracking-Stock Context, Jeffrey J. Schick
Washington Law Review
In recent years, diversified corporations have increasingly turned to tracking stocks to uncouple high-growth businesses, especially Internet-related operations, from more static business entities. Tracking stock is a unique type of common stock that represents an interest in the financial performance of particular business groups within a diversified parent corporation. However, the tracked business groups are not independent of the parent corporation, and the parent's board of directors still governs the affairs of each business group. This creates unique conflicts for directors who must please multiple groups of stockholders whose interests are not always consistent. Delaware courts have not announced a …
Profile, Summer 2000, Vol. 10, No. 1
Implementation Of 30-Year Land Use Rights For Farmers Under China's 1998 Land Management Law: An Analysis And Recommendations Based On A 17 Province Survey, Roy Prosterman, Brian Schwarzwalder, Ye Jianping
Implementation Of 30-Year Land Use Rights For Farmers Under China's 1998 Land Management Law: An Analysis And Recommendations Based On A 17 Province Survey, Roy Prosterman, Brian Schwarzwalder, Ye Jianping
Washington International Law Journal
Recent legal and policy measures demonstrate the commitment of China's central leadership to the development and implementation of a legal framework providing long-term, secure land tenure to its nearly 800 million farmers. The results of a 17 province, 1,621 household survey conducted in August 1999 show that considerable progress has already been made toward this goal. However, a number of key issues related to both the implementation of existing legal rules and the development of additional legislation addressing rural land rights must be addressed for the process to be complete.
The Battle Against Software Piracy: Software Copyright Protection In The Philippines, Grace P. Nerona
The Battle Against Software Piracy: Software Copyright Protection In The Philippines, Grace P. Nerona
Washington International Law Journal
The Philippines enacted the Intellectual Property Code ("IPC") on June 6, 1997 to comply with its World Trade Organization ("WTO") treaty obligations and to respond to U.S. concerns regarding intellectual property protection in the Philippines. The IPC streamlines administrative procedures, increases criminal penalties for copyright infringement, and provides copyright protection for computer software. Despite the enactment of the IPC, the United States has kept the Philippines on its Special 301 "Watch List" of intellectual property rights violators. The United States maintains that the level of intellectual property protection in the Philippines is inadequate and ineffective, particularly in the areas of …
Domestic Technological Innovation: An Approach To Solving South Korea's Labor Problems, Jeffrey F. Dickerman
Domestic Technological Innovation: An Approach To Solving South Korea's Labor Problems, Jeffrey F. Dickerman
Washington International Law Journal
When Korea' became a democracy in 1987, Korea's militant labor movement erupted into a series of nationwide protests and explosive labor strikes. As a consequence, Korea's new democratic government enacted progressive labor laws aimed at increasing wages and improving working conditions for laborers. However, these new progressive labor laws lowered the productivity of businesses. Consequently, many Korean goods could no longer compete in the global market and Korean businesses faced bankruptcy. Tension now exists between Korean businesses and workers as each side attempts to regulate the Korean workweek. The competing interests between business and workers can be balanced by domestic …
Choosing A Mechanism For Land Redistribution In The Philippines, Andre Sawchenko
Choosing A Mechanism For Land Redistribution In The Philippines, Andre Sawchenko
Washington International Law Journal
The Philippines' Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program needs changes because it is not efficiently achieving social justice for the rural poor in the present, nor is it establishing a framework for equitable economic growth in the future. A land reform program in the Philippines can accomplish its objectives only to the extent that it redistributes land. Market assisted land reform, the recently developed land reform model being championed by the World Bank, provides little hope for the quick and extensive redistribution of land needed in the Philippines. The best way for the Philippine government to modify its land reform program is …
Judicial Reform In China: New Regulations For A Lay Assessor System, Di Jiang
Judicial Reform In China: New Regulations For A Lay Assessor System, Di Jiang
Washington International Law Journal
After a long history of the "rule of social rituals" and the "rule under man," China is reforming its legal structures, trying to achieve the rule of law. To realize this goal, China needs a more effective judicial deliberative body. To help define a system that is compatible with China's practical needs and promotes its social modernization, this Article examines the western jury and assessor systems and compares them to China's lay assessor system.
Primus Inter Pares: Is The Singapore Judiciary First Among Equals?, Karen Blőchlinger
Primus Inter Pares: Is The Singapore Judiciary First Among Equals?, Karen Blőchlinger
Washington International Law Journal
Chief Justice Yong Pung How has implemented many changes in the Singapore judicial system since his appointment to the post in 1990. The reforms have concentrated on active case management, providing mediation as an alternative mechanism to resolve disputes, and implementing information technology in the courtroom. One of the results of these reforms is that the backlog of cases has been eliminated and the judicial system has become dramatically more efficient. However, an increased efficiency in judicial administration cannot be justified if it is attained at the expense of restricting access to justice. This Comment reviews the judicial reforms in …
Lawyer Communications On The Internet: Beginning The Millennium With Disparate Standards, Louise L. Hill
Lawyer Communications On The Internet: Beginning The Millennium With Disparate Standards, Louise L. Hill
Washington Law Review
Lawyer communications on the Internet constituting commercial speech are subject to state ethics rules governing lawyer advertising and communication. Because each state operates as a separate entity with its own rules that govern the lawyers of its jurisdiction, the profession is faced with disparate standards on a jurisdictional basis. Of the forty-three states that have adopted the Model Rules of Professional Conduct, four-fifths have standards on lawyer communications that vary from those in the Model Rules. Not only is there variation in the rules themselves, but differences exist in the specific applicability and interpretation of these rules to components of …
Beating Again And Again And Again: Why Washington Needs A New Rule Of Evidence Admitting Prior Acts Of Domestic Violence, Linell A. Letendre
Beating Again And Again And Again: Why Washington Needs A New Rule Of Evidence Admitting Prior Acts Of Domestic Violence, Linell A. Letendre
Washington Law Review
Batterers in Washington who use violence to control their intimate partners routinely avoid conviction and punishment due to the difficulties of prosecuting domestic violence cases. Prosecutors often face complex problems, such as recanting victims, lack of other witnesses, and juries inherently biased against battered women. Although some Washington prosecutors have found ways to introduce evidence of prior domestic violence in certain limited circumstances, Washington Rule of Evidence 404(b) generally precludes the use of evidence showing prior domestic violence. This Comment argues that this evidence rule prevents the admission of highly probative evidence of prior abuse against current or past victims …
Bifurcation Unbound, Steven S. Gensler
Bifurcation Unbound, Steven S. Gensler
Washington Law Review
The bifurcation of issues in a federal trial under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 42(b) offers many benefits for both litigants and the judiciary. One of the greatest potential benefits of issue bifurcation is increased judicial efficiency. Frequently the jury's disposition of the first issue will obviate the need to try the remaining issues. Despite this efficiency potential, bifurcation is controversial. Historically, the opponents of bifurcation have leveled three primary criticisms against bifurcation: (1) that it skews verdict outcomes in favor of defendants, (2) that it infringes on the role of the civil jury, and (3) that it creates a …
One Crime, Many Convicted: Dissociative Identity Disorder And The Exclusion Of Expert Testimony In State V. Greene, Mary Eileen Crego
One Crime, Many Convicted: Dissociative Identity Disorder And The Exclusion Of Expert Testimony In State V. Greene, Mary Eileen Crego
Washington Law Review
In State v. Greene, the Supreme Court of Washington held that expert testimony about Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) was not admissible to support an insanity or diminished-capacity defense. Even though the court acknowledged DID as a generally accepted medical disorder, the court reasoned that such testimony would not be helpful to the trier of fact, as required by Washington Evidence Rule (ER) 702, because the court has not established a specific standard for determining the legal responsibility of a defendant with multiple personalities. This Note argues that the Greene court had sufficient scientific evidence to establish a legal standard …
Mail-Order Gun Kits And Fingerprint-Resistant Pistols: Why Washington Courts Should Impose A Duty On Gun Manufacturers To Market Firearms Responsibly, Amy Edwards
Washington Law Review
Plaintiffs have historically been unsuccessful in suing gun manufacturers for injuries inflicted by the criminal acts of third parties. Until recently, with one exception, courts uniformly found no basis for liability under either strict liability or general negligence claims. In three recent cases, however, courts have imposed a duty under negligent-marketing theories. These theories have yet to be tested in Washington. This Comment examines the potential viability of a lawsuit by victims of gun violence against gun manufacturers for negligent marketing in Washington. It ultimately concludes that Washington courts can and should impose a duty on gun manufacturers to refrain …
Actual Versus Legal Control: Reading Vicarious Liability For Copyright Infringement Into The Digital Millennium Copyright Act Of 1998, Charles S. Wright
Actual Versus Legal Control: Reading Vicarious Liability For Copyright Infringement Into The Digital Millennium Copyright Act Of 1998, Charles S. Wright
Washington Law Review
Title 11 of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 purports to limit the liability of Internet service providers that have been found vicariously liable for copyright infringement. However, by basing this limitation on the absence of the "benefit" and "control" elements of the common law test for vicarious liability, the plain language of Title II, codified at 17 U.S.C. § 512, appears to preclude statutory protection once a court has found a service provider vicariously liable. This Comment argues that courts must read a narrow definition of "actual" control into 17 U.S.C. § 512(c)(1)(B) in order to preserve the …
The Myth Of Property Absolutism And Modern Government: The Interacation Of Police Power And Property Rights, Philip A. Talmadge
The Myth Of Property Absolutism And Modern Government: The Interacation Of Police Power And Property Rights, Philip A. Talmadge
Washington Law Review
A new movement in America espousing a novel doctrine, property-rights absolutism, has gained some popular and political appeal. But the property rights absolutists tend to ignore the societal foundations of property, and especially de-emphasize the responsibilities property owners have to the community in which they live. They fail to consider properly the significance of the police power and its vital role in the American and Washington State constitutional systems. This Article debunks the newly minted mythology of the property-rights absolutists and places the police power and property rights in their proper historical perspective.