Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Constitutional Law (870)
- Civil Rights and Discrimination (115)
- Criminal Law (109)
- Jurisprudence (76)
- Courts (74)
-
- First Amendment (65)
- Law and Society (59)
- Legal History (56)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (54)
- Criminal Procedure (51)
- Supreme Court of the United States (48)
- Fourth Amendment (40)
- Judges (40)
- Comparative and Foreign Law (36)
- International Law (36)
- State and Local Government Law (36)
- Education Law (35)
- Public Law and Legal Theory (35)
- Health Law and Policy (33)
- Arts and Humanities (32)
- Legal Studies (31)
- Administrative Law (30)
- Law and Gender (27)
- Family Law (25)
- Property Law and Real Estate (24)
- Fourteenth Amendment (21)
- Legislation (21)
- Sexuality and the Law (21)
- Civil Procedure (20)
- Institution
-
- Washington and Lee University School of Law (158)
- William & Mary Law School (120)
- University of North Carolina School of Law (91)
- American University Washington College of Law (59)
- The University of Akron (58)
-
- Case Western Reserve University School of Law (50)
- Chicago-Kent College of Law (48)
- Pace University (46)
- University of Georgia School of Law (41)
- University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School (31)
- Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law (29)
- BLR (28)
- University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law (22)
- University of San Diego (19)
- Barry University School of Law (14)
- Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University (14)
- Northwestern Pritzker School of Law (13)
- Washington University in St. Louis (13)
- Georgetown University Law Center (12)
- Cornell University Law School (11)
- Florida A&M University College of Law (11)
- New York Law School (11)
- University of Tennessee College of Law (11)
- Valparaiso University (11)
- Boston University School of Law (10)
- Maurer School of Law: Indiana University (10)
- Syracuse University (10)
- University of Pittsburgh School of Law (10)
- University of South Carolina (10)
- West Virginia University (9)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Faculty Publications (221)
- Supreme Court Case Files (154)
- All Faculty Scholarship (85)
- Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals (58)
- Faculty Scholarship (58)
-
- Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications (46)
- Scholarly Works (46)
- Akron Law Faculty Publications (44)
- Popular Media (32)
- Working Paper Series (29)
- Articles (27)
- Journal Articles (19)
- University of San Diego Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper Series (19)
- Law Faculty Scholarship (16)
- James Goold Cutler Lecture (15)
- Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press (14)
- Con Law Center Articles and Publications (14)
- Scholarship@WashULaw (13)
- George Mason University School of Law Working Papers Series (11)
- Journal Publications (11)
- Law Faculty Publications (11)
- Articles & Chapters (10)
- Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works (10)
- Articles by Maurer Faculty (9)
- College of Law - Faculty Scholarship (9)
- College of Law Faculty Scholarship (9)
- NULR Online (9)
- Rutgers Law School (Newark) Faculty Papers (9)
- Faculty Publications & Other Works (8)
- Historical and Topical Legal Documents (8)
- File Type
Articles 31 - 60 of 1154
Full-Text Articles in Law
Trade's Mini-Deals, Kathleen Claussen
Trade's Mini-Deals, Kathleen Claussen
Articles
The modern consensus is that U.S. trade law is made through statute and through large congressional-executive agreements, both of which maintain Congress' constitutional primacy over the regulation of foreign commerce. Contrary to this understanding, however, short, targeted agreements negotiated by the U.S. executive with foreign trading partners - recently referred to as "mini-deals" - have become a fixture of the trade law landscape over the last three decades in staggering number. More than 1,200 such agreements govern the movement of goods and services in and out of the United States from and to 130 countries. Such deals are not only …
Evolving Standards Of Irrelevancy?, Joanmarie Davoli
Evolving Standards Of Irrelevancy?, Joanmarie Davoli
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Escaping Circularity: The Fourth Amendment And Property Law, João Marinotti
Escaping Circularity: The Fourth Amendment And Property Law, João Marinotti
Articles by Maurer Faculty
The Supreme Court’s “reasonable expectation of privacy” test under the Fourth Amendment has often been criticized as circular, and hence subjective and unpredictable. The Court is presumed to base its decisions on society’s expectations of privacy, while society’s expectations of privacy are themselves presumed to be based on the Court’s judgements. As a solution to this problem, property law has been repeatedly propounded as an allegedly independent, autonomous area of law from which the Supreme Court can glean reasonable expectations of privacy without falling back into tautological reasoning.
Such an approach presupposes that property law is not itself circular. If …
When Patients Are Their Own Doctors: Roe V. Wade In An Era Of Self-Managed Care, Yvonne F. Lindgren
When Patients Are Their Own Doctors: Roe V. Wade In An Era Of Self-Managed Care, Yvonne F. Lindgren
Faculty Works
The Supreme Court in Roe v. Wade framed the abortion right as a right to make the abortion decision in consultation with a “responsible physician.” Under this framing, doctors were cast in the role of medical “gatekeepers” to mediate patient access to abortion. In the ensuing years, the doctor-patient relationship has become the site of restrictive abortion regulations in many states. This Article argues that Roe’s framing suffers from a foundational flaw: While the gatekeeper framing may have been appropriate in the Roe era when abortion was surgical and non-clinical abortions were potentially lethal, today, medication abortion—a two-drug non-surgical regimen …
Medication Abortion Exceptionalism, Greer Donley
Medication Abortion Exceptionalism, Greer Donley
Articles
Restrictive state abortion laws garner a large amount of attention in the national conversation and legal scholarship, but less known is a federal abortion policy that significantly curtails access to early abortion in all fifty states. The policy limits the distribution of mifepristone, the only drug approved to terminate a pregnancy so long as it is within the first ten weeks. Unlike most drugs, which can be prescribed by licensed healthcare providers and picked up at most pharmacies, the Food and Drug Administration only allows certified providers to prescribe mifepristone, and only allows those providers to distribute the drug to …
The Lawfulness Of The Fifteenth Amendment, Travis Crum
The Lawfulness Of The Fifteenth Amendment, Travis Crum
Scholarship@WashULaw
One of the most provocative debates in constitutional theory concerns the lawfulness of the Reconstruction Amendments’ adoptions. Scholars have contested whether Article V permits amendments proposed by Congresses that excluded the Southern States and questioned whether those States’ ratifications were obtained through unlawful coercion. Scholars have also teased out differences in how States were counted for purposes of ratifying the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments. This debate has focused exclusively on the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments, dismissing the Fifteenth Amendment as a mere sequel.
As this Essay demonstrates, the unique issues raised by the Fifteenth Amendment’s ratification adds important nuance to …
Covid-19, Churches, And Culture Wars, John D. Inazu
Covid-19, Churches, And Culture Wars, John D. Inazu
Scholarship@WashULaw
The First Amendment’s Free Exercise Clause often requires courts to balance competing interests of the highest order. On the one hand, the Constitution recognizes the free exercise of religion as a fundamental right. On the other hand, the government sometimes has compelling reasons for limiting free exercise, especially in situations involving dangers to health and safety. The shutdown and social distancing orders issued during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic not only restricted free exercise but also limited what many people consider to be the core of that exercise: religious worship. But the orders did so in order to …
Localizing Human Rights In Cities, Tamar Ezer
Clouded Precedent: Tandon V. Newsom And Its Implications For The Shadow Docket, Alexander Gouzoules
Clouded Precedent: Tandon V. Newsom And Its Implications For The Shadow Docket, Alexander Gouzoules
Faculty Publications
The Supreme Court’s “shadow docket”—the decisions issued outside its procedures for deciding cases on the merits—has drawn increasing attention and criticism from scholars, commentators, and elected representatives. Shadow docket decisions have been criticized on the grounds that they are made without the benefit of full briefing and argument, and because their abbreviated, per curiam opinions can be difficult for lower courts to interpret.
A spate of shadow docket decisions in the context of free-exercise challenges to COVID-19 public health orders culminated in Tandon v. Newsom, a potentially groundbreaking decision that may upend longstanding doctrines governing claims brought under the Free …
Federalism, Free Competition, And Sherman Act Preemption Of State Restraints, Alan J. Meese
Federalism, Free Competition, And Sherman Act Preemption Of State Restraints, Alan J. Meese
Faculty Publications
The Sherman Act establishes free competition as the rule governing interstate trade. Banning private restraints cannot ensure that competitive markets allocate the nation's resources. State laws can pose identical threats to free markets, posing an obstacle to achieving Congress's goal to protect free competition.
The Sherman Act would thus override anticompetitive state laws under ordinary preemption standards. Nonetheless, the Supreme Court rejected such preemption in Parker v. Brown, creating the "state action doctrine." Parker and its progeny hold that state-imposed restraints are immune from Sherman Act preemption, even if they impose significant harm on out-of-state consumers. Parker's progeny …
The Modest Impact Of The Modern Confrontation Clause, Jeffrey Bellin, Diana Bibb
The Modest Impact Of The Modern Confrontation Clause, Jeffrey Bellin, Diana Bibb
Faculty Publications
The Sixth Amendment's Confrontation Clause grants criminal defendants the right "to be confronted with the witnesses against" them. A strict reading of this text would transform the criminal justice landscape by prohibiting the prosecution's use of hearsay at trial. But until recently, the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Clause was closer to the opposite. By tying the confrontation right to traditional hearsay exceptions, the Court's longstanding precedents granted prosecutors broad freedom to use out-of-court statements to convict criminal defendants.
The Supreme Court's 2004 decision in Crawford v. Washington was supposed to change all that. By severing the link between the …
Exacting Inclusion: Property Theory, The Character Of Government Action, And Implicit Takings, Donald J. Smythe
Exacting Inclusion: Property Theory, The Character Of Government Action, And Implicit Takings, Donald J. Smythe
Faculty Scholarship
Recent takings cases challenging inclusionary housing ordinances tap into an ongoing controversy about whether government interventions in the housing market do more harm than good; but they also raise much more general questions about takings law. This Article uses the controversy raised by recent housing cases to probe the relationship between the Supreme Court’s regulatory takings jurisprudence and its exaction takings jurisprudence and to suggest a more coherent approach to implicit takings. The Court’s exaction takings jurisprudence is well-designed if it is applied appropriately. As a general matter, it encourages the mitigation of socially harmful nuisances, incentivizes developers to make …
The Expressive Fourth Amendment, Karen Pita Loor
The Expressive Fourth Amendment, Karen Pita Loor
Faculty Scholarship
After the eight-minute and forty-six second video of George Floyd’s murder went viral, cities across the United States erupted in mass protests with people outraged by the death of yet another Black person at the hands of police. The streets were flooded for months with activists and community members of all races marching, screaming, and demonstrating against police brutality and for racial justice. Police—like warriors against enemy forces—confronted overwhelmingly peaceful protesters with militarized violence and force. Ultimately, racial justice protesters and members of the media brought lawsuits under section 1983 of the Civil Rights Act in the district courts of …
Rétrospectives Et Perspectives Sur La Place Du Droit Comparé Dans La Jurisprudence Du Conseil Constitutionnel, Elisabeth Zoller
Rétrospectives Et Perspectives Sur La Place Du Droit Comparé Dans La Jurisprudence Du Conseil Constitutionnel, Elisabeth Zoller
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
Brnovich V. Democratic National Committee: Examining Section 2 Of The Voting Rights Act, Arturo Nava
Brnovich V. Democratic National Committee: Examining Section 2 Of The Voting Rights Act, Arturo Nava
Duke Journal of Constitutional Law & Public Policy Sidebar
In Brnovich, the Court will determine whether Arizona’s out-of-precinct (OOP) policy and its ballot-collection law violate Section 2 of the VRA. The Ninth Circuit held that both voting provisions violate Section 2. The Supreme Court should affirm the Ninth Circuit’s decision, invoking the Section 2 Results Test adopted by multiple circuits, and find that a fact-specific inquiry should be preserved in assessing vote-denial claims. At a minimum, the Court should avoid establishing a bright-line rule as proposed by critics of the Section 2 Results Test. Such a rigid rule runs the risk of masking the nuances that the courts …
Reconsidering Section 1983'S Nonabrogation Of Sovereign Immunity, Katherine Mims Crocker
Reconsidering Section 1983'S Nonabrogation Of Sovereign Immunity, Katherine Mims Crocker
Faculty Publications
Motivated by civil unrest and the police conduct that prompted it, Americans have embarked on a major reexamination of how constitutional enforcement works. One important component is 42 U.S.C. § 1983, which allows civil suits against any "person" who violates federal rights. The U.S. Supreme Court has long held that "person" excludes states because Section 1983 flunks a condition of crystal clarity.
This Article reconsiders that conclusion--in legalese, Section 1983's nonabrogation of sovereign immunity--along multiple dimensions. Beginning with a negative critique, this Article argues that because the Court invented the crystal-clarity standard so long after Section 1983's enactment, the caselaw …
International Decision Commentary: Houngue Éric Noudehouenou V. Republic Of Benin, Olabisi D. Akinkugbe
International Decision Commentary: Houngue Éric Noudehouenou V. Republic Of Benin, Olabisi D. Akinkugbe
Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press
The judgment in Houngue Éric Noudehouenou v. Republic of Benin adds to the growing body of human rights jurisprudence on national electoral processes in Africa’s international courts. The decision demonstrates the growing importance of Africa’s regional and sub-regional courts as an alternative venue for opposition politicians, activists, and citizens to mobilize and challenge election processes and constitutional amendment processes where the playing field in their state is uneven. In turn, it reinforces the pivotal role of the regional and sub-regional courts in consolidating democratic governance in Africa, and reveals the limits of assessing the performance of Africa’s international courts solely …
Divided Court Issues Bright-Line Ruling On Fourth Amendment Seizures, Jeffrey Bellin
Divided Court Issues Bright-Line Ruling On Fourth Amendment Seizures, Jeffrey Bellin
Popular Media
No abstract provided.
Free To Hate: Hate Crimes' Intertwinement With The Evolution Of Free Speech In The United States, Lee F. Paulson
Free To Hate: Hate Crimes' Intertwinement With The Evolution Of Free Speech In The United States, Lee F. Paulson
Honors Theses
In response to the growing tension between civil liberties and civil rights, this research investigates the relationship between the relative expansiveness of free speech and a the nationwide propensity for hate crimes. I argue that government’s legal limitations of speech influence the development of linguistic and hierarchical norms in a national culture. Given structural inequality’s association to violence and crimes of intimidation, I hypothesize that as the government expands the legal bounds of free speech, the national propensity for hate crimes decreases. Text analyses of 50 influential freedom of expression rulings in the United States (U.S.) Supreme Court from 1919-2019 …
Are We Still Not Saved? Race, Democracy, And Educational Inequality, Lia Epperson
Are We Still Not Saved? Race, Democracy, And Educational Inequality, Lia Epperson
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
Thirty-four years ago, in his seminal book, "And We Are Not Saved: The Elusive Quest for Racial Justice," Derrick Bell provided a critical view of American history and constitutional jurisprudence to illustrate the challenges the United States faces in reaching true equality. In his enlightened observations about the structure of our republic, Bell refers to “the American contradiction.” To see true progress toward meaningful equality, he contends, we must reckon with the challenging truth of our history—that we are a nation founded on this “constitutional contradiction”... In his work, Professor Bell argued that this American contradiction, “shrouded by myth,” serves …
Pure Privacy, Jeffrey Bellin
Pure Privacy, Jeffrey Bellin
Faculty Publications
n 1890, Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis began a storied legal tradition of trying to conceptualize privacy. Since that time, privacy's appeal has grown beyond those authors' wildest expectations, but its essence remains elusive. One of the rare points of agreement in boisterous academic privacy debates is that there is no consensus on what privacy means.
The modern trend is to embrace the ambiguity. Unable to settle on boundaries, scholars welcome a broad array of interests into an expanding theoretical framework. As a result, privacy is invoked in debates about COVID-19 contact tracing, police body cameras, marriage equality, facial recognition, …
The Biden Administration's First Hundred Days: An Lgbtq Perspective, Arthur S. Leonard
The Biden Administration's First Hundred Days: An Lgbtq Perspective, Arthur S. Leonard
Articles & Chapters
No abstract provided.
, The American Constitution In The Cycle Of Kali Yuga: Eastern Philosophy Greets Western Democracy, Shiv Narayan Persaud
, The American Constitution In The Cycle Of Kali Yuga: Eastern Philosophy Greets Western Democracy, Shiv Narayan Persaud
Journal Publications
This paper will explore the above-mentioned questions while taking into consideration the intent and overarching tenets of the Constitution in relation to the precepts of Kali Yuga. The hope is to generate discourse on some of the trappings of the Constitution and constitutional democracy in an ever changing and increasingly diverse and segmented society-a nation with a multiplicity of cultures with distinctive beliefs and moral systems. Emphatically stated, the intent is not to examine every article or amendment of the Constitution; this would be presumptuous. The intent is to foster an examination of the Constitution as the overall architectural framework …
Rulifying Reasonable Expectations: Why Judicial Tests, Not Originalism, Create A More Determinate Fourth Amendment, Michael Gentithes
Rulifying Reasonable Expectations: Why Judicial Tests, Not Originalism, Create A More Determinate Fourth Amendment, Michael Gentithes
Con Law Center Articles and Publications
For decades, commentators have decried the Supreme Court’s Fourth Amendment search jurisprudence as a hopelessly confusing jumble. Critics save their harshest barbs for the judicially created “reasonable expectations of privacy” test, suggesting that it provides little guidance and leaves search cases open to wide judicial discretion. Motivated by such critiques, several Justices have recently claimed that an originalist approach could replace the reasonable expectations test, limit judicial discretion, and clarify the Fourth Amendment’s meaning.
This Article provides a comprehensive defense of the reasonable expectations test against originalist calls to abandon it. It notes two flaws in the originalist response. First, …
The Jurisprudence Of The First Woman Judge, Florence Allen: Challenging The Myth Of Women Judging Differently, Tracy Thomas
The Jurisprudence Of The First Woman Judge, Florence Allen: Challenging The Myth Of Women Judging Differently, Tracy Thomas
Con Law Center Articles and Publications
A key question for legal scholars and political scientists is whether women jurists judge differently than men. Some studies have suggested that women judges are more likely to support plaintiffs in sexual harassment, employment, and immigration cases. Other studies conclude that women are more likely to vote liberally in death penalty and obscenity cases, and more likely to convince their male colleagues to join a liberal opinion. Yet other studies have found little evidence that women judge differently from men.
This article explores the jurisprudence of the first woman judge, Judge Florence Allen, to test these claims of gender difference …
Reclaiming The Long History Of The "Irrelevant" Nineteenth Amendment For Gender Equality, Tracy Thomas
Reclaiming The Long History Of The "Irrelevant" Nineteenth Amendment For Gender Equality, Tracy Thomas
Con Law Center Articles and Publications
The Nineteenth Amendment has been called an “irrelevant” amendment. The women’s suffrage amendment has been deemed insignificant as a constitutional authority, reduced to a historical footnote. In the Supreme Court canon, it has been diminished as a text that “merely gives the vote to women.” With the accomplishment of that simple task, the amendment has been assumed to offer little guidance to modern constitutional analysis or gender equality. The Nineteenth Amendment has become a “constitutional orphan,” disconnected from its historical origins and precedential place in constitutional jurisprudence.
This constricting view of the Nineteenth Amendment ignores the structural implications and significant …
Confrontation In The Age Of Plea Bargaining [Comments], William Ortman
Confrontation In The Age Of Plea Bargaining [Comments], William Ortman
Law Faculty Research Publications
No abstract provided.
Why Do The Poor Not Have A Constitutional Right To File Civil Claims In Court Under Their First Amendment Right To Petition The Government For A Redress Of Grievances?, Henry Rose
Faculty Publications & Other Works
Since 1963, the United States Supreme Court has recognized the constitutional right of entities and persons to pursue civil legal claims in American courts under the First Amendment right to petition government for redress of grievances. However, in a series of three cases decided by the Supreme Court in the early 1970’s - Boddie v. Connecticut, United States v. Kras and Ortwein v. Schwab - the Court inexplicably declined to address the appellants’ claims that they have a constitutional right to access the courts to seek resolution of their civil legal claims. In each of these three cases, the indigent …
Enforcement Of The Reconstruction Amendments, Alexander Tsesis
Enforcement Of The Reconstruction Amendments, Alexander Tsesis
Faculty Publications & Other Works
This Article systematically analyzes the delicate balance of congressional and judicial authority granted by the Reconstruction Amendments. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments vest Congress with powers to enforce civil rights, equal treatment, and civic participation. Their reach extends significantly beyond the Rehnquist and Roberts Courts’ narrow construction of congressional authority. In recent years, the Court has struck down laws that helped secure voter rights, protect religious liberties, and punish age or disability discrimination. Those holdings encroach on the amendments’ allocated powers of enforcement.
Textual, structural, historical, and normative analyses provide profound insights into the appropriate roles of the Supreme …
Enforcement Of The Reconstruction Amendments, Alexander Tsesis
Enforcement Of The Reconstruction Amendments, Alexander Tsesis
Faculty Publications & Other Works
This Article systematically analyzes the delicate balance of congressional and judicial authority granted by the Reconstruction Amendments. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments vest Congress with powers to enforce civil rights, equal treatment, and civic participation. Their reach extends significantly beyond the Rehnquist and Roberts Courts’ narrow construction of congressional authority. In recent years, the Court has struck down laws that helped secure voter rights, protect religious liberties, and punish age or disability discrimination. Those holdings encroach on the amendments’ allocated powers of enforcement.
Textual, structural, historical, and normative analyses provide profound insights into the appropriate roles of the Supreme …