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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Law
Regulating Artificial Intelligence In International Investment Law, Mark Mclaughlin
Regulating Artificial Intelligence In International Investment Law, Mark Mclaughlin
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
The interaction between artificial intelligence (AI) and international investment treaties is an uncharted territory of international law. Concerns over the national security, safety, and privacy implications of AI are spurring regulators into action around the world. States have imposed restrictions on data transfer, utilised automated decision-making, mandated algorithmic transparency, and limited market access. This article explores the interaction between AI regulation and standards of investment protection. It is argued that the current framework provides an unpredictable legal environment in which to adjudicate the contested norms and ethics of AI. Treaties should be recalibrated to reinforce their anti-protectionist origins, embed human-centric …
Legal Dispositionism And Artificially-Intelligent Attributions, Jerrold Soh
Legal Dispositionism And Artificially-Intelligent Attributions, Jerrold Soh
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
It is conventionally argued that because an artificially-intelligent (AI) system acts autonomously, its makers cannot easily be held liable should the system's actions harm. Since the system cannot be liable on its own account either, existing laws expose victims to accountability gaps and need to be reformed. Recent legal instruments have nonetheless established obligations against AI developers and providers. Drawing on attribution theory, this paper examines how these seemingly opposing positions are shaped by the ways in which AI systems are conceptualised. Specifically, folk dispositionism underpins conventional legal discourse on AI liability, personality, publications, and inventions and leads us towards …
User Guided Abductive Proof Generation For Answer Set Programming Queries, Avishkar Mahajan, Martin Strecker, Meng Weng (Huang Mingrong) Wong
User Guided Abductive Proof Generation For Answer Set Programming Queries, Avishkar Mahajan, Martin Strecker, Meng Weng (Huang Mingrong) Wong
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
We present a method for generating possible proofs of a query with respect to a given Answer Set Programming (ASP) rule set using an abductive process where the space of abducibles is automatically constructed just from the input rules alone. Given a (possibly empty) set of user provided facts, our method infers any additional facts that may be needed for the entailment of a query and then outputs these extra facts, without the user needing to explicitly specify the space of all abducibles. We also present a method to generate a set of directed edges corresponding to the justification graph …
Gauging The Acceptance Of Contact Tracing Technology: An Empirical Study Of Singapore Residents’ Concerns With Sharing Their Information And Willingness To Trust, Ee-Ing Ong, Wee Ling Loo
Gauging The Acceptance Of Contact Tracing Technology: An Empirical Study Of Singapore Residents’ Concerns With Sharing Their Information And Willingness To Trust, Ee-Ing Ong, Wee Ling Loo
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments began implementing various forms of contact tracing technology. Singapore’s implementation of its contact tracing technology, TraceTogether, however, was met with significant concern by its population, with regard to privacy and data security. This concern did not fit with the general perception that Singaporeans have a high level of trust in its government. We explore this disconnect, using responses to our survey (conducted pre-COVID-19) in which we asked participants about their level of concern with the government and business collecting certain categories of personal data. The results show that respondents had less concern with …
Building Legal Datasets, Jerrold Soh
Building Legal Datasets, Jerrold Soh
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
Data-centric AI calls for better, not just bigger, datasets. As data protection laws with extra-territorial reach proliferate worldwide, ensuring datasets are legal is an increasingly crucial yet overlooked component of “better”. To help dataset builders become more willing and able to navigate this complex legal space, this paper reviews key legal obligations surrounding ML datasets, examines the practical impact of data laws on ML pipelines, and offers a framework for building legal datasets.
Medical Ai, Standard Of Care In Negligence And Tort Law, Gary Kok Yew Chan
Medical Ai, Standard Of Care In Negligence And Tort Law, Gary Kok Yew Chan
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
AI is increasingly utilised in the provision of medical services to diagnose diseases, treat illnesses and perform surgery. There is growing evidence that AI can outperform human doctors in diagnoses. Nonetheless, AI is not immune from errors. This paper discusses the potential tort liabilities of doctors and hospitals arising from the use of AI in medical services provision, in particular, the standard of care expected of them under the tort of negligence applicable to Singapore and Malaysia. This issue is examined by reference to competing considerations such as efficiency, the promotion of medical innovations, the relevance of ethical guidelines applicable …
Simulating Subject Communities In Case Law Citation Networks, Jerrold Tsin Howe Soh
Simulating Subject Communities In Case Law Citation Networks, Jerrold Tsin Howe Soh
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
We propose and evaluate generative models for case law citation networks that account for legal authority, subject relevance, and time decay. Since Common Law systems rely heavily on citations to precedent, case law citation networks present a special type of citation graph which existing models do not adequately reproduce. We describe a general framework for simulating node and edge generation processes in such networks, including a procedure for simulating case subjects, and experiment with four methods of modelling subject relevance: using subject similarity as linear features, as fitness coefficients, constraining the citable graph by subject, and computing subject-sensitive PageRank scores. …
Data Regulation With Chinese Characteristics, Henry S. Gao
Data Regulation With Chinese Characteristics, Henry S. Gao
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
The regulation of data has increasingly become a common feature of trade agreements. While all regulators would agree on the need to strike a balance between the clashing interests of different stakeholders, their approaches often differ in practice. The various regulatory approaches often reflect the different legal, political, economic, social and cultural backgrounds of different countries. Thereby, it is important to understand the inherent logic and mechanisms of the different regulatory regimes.In this chapter, the focus lies on China, which is not only home to the largest e-commerce market in the world, but also has one of the most tightly …
Trust In And Ethical Design Of Carebots: The Case For Ethics Of Care, Gary Kok Yew Chan
Trust In And Ethical Design Of Carebots: The Case For Ethics Of Care, Gary Kok Yew Chan
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
The paper has two main objectives: to examine the challenges arising from the use of carebots as well as to discuss how the design of carebots can deal with these challenges. First, it notes that the use of carebots to take care of the physical and mental health of the elderly, children and the disabled as well as to serve as assistive tools and social companions encounter a few main challenges. They relate to the extent of the care robots’ ability to care for humans, potential deception by robot morphology and communications, (over)reliance on or attachment to robots, and the …
Revisiting The Law Of Confidence In Singapore And A Proposal For A New Tort Of Misuse Of Private Information, Cheng Lim Saw, Zheng Wen Samuel Chan, Wen Min Chai
Revisiting The Law Of Confidence In Singapore And A Proposal For A New Tort Of Misuse Of Private Information, Cheng Lim Saw, Zheng Wen Samuel Chan, Wen Min Chai
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
This article critically examines the recent Court of Appeal decision in I-Admin (Singapore) Pte Ltd v Hong Ying Ting [2020] 1 SLR 1130 and its implications for the law of confidence. The article begins by setting out the decision at first instance, and then on appeal. It argues that the Court of Appeal’s “modified approach” fails to meaningfully engage the plaintiff ’s wrongful gain interest and places the law’s emphasis primarily, if not wholly, on the plaintiff ’s wrongful loss interest. The new framework also appears to have been influenced by English jurisprudence, which has had a long but unhelpful …
Coronavirus: Pandemics, Artificial Intelligence And Personal Data: How To Manage Pandemics Using Ai And What That Means For Personal Data Protection, Warren B. Chik
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
This chapter discusses the hearing of essential and urgent court matters in the Singapore courts during the COVID-19 pandemic. On 27 march 2020, the Singapore judiciary notified courst users that remote hearings were to be implemented for certain types of hearings by means of video and telephone conferencing facilities. Court users were also provided with indicative lists of matters which might be considered essential and urgent.
An Ecosystem Approach To Ethical Ai And Data Use: Experimental Reflections, Mark Findlay, Josephine Seah
An Ecosystem Approach To Ethical Ai And Data Use: Experimental Reflections, Mark Findlay, Josephine Seah
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
While we have witnessed a rapid growth of ethics documents meant to guide artificial intelligence (AI) development, the promotion of AI ethics has nonetheless proceeded with little input from AI practitioners themselves. Given the proliferation of AI for Social Good initiatives, this is an emerging gap that needs to be addressed in order to develop more meaningful ethical approaches to AI use and development. This paper offers a methodology-a 'shared fairness' approach-aimed at identifying AI practitioners' needs when it comes to confronting and resolving ethical challenges and to find a third space where their operational language can be married with …
Rethinking Mistake In The Age Of Algorithms: Quoine Pte Ltd V B2c2 Ltd, Vincent Ooi, Kian Peng Soh
Rethinking Mistake In The Age Of Algorithms: Quoine Pte Ltd V B2c2 Ltd, Vincent Ooi, Kian Peng Soh
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
Good traders remove emotion from the decision-making process. Automated trading algorithms have enabled this, allowing one to trade round the clock, and without the constant need to monitor one’s investments. But software has gremlins. Given the vast amounts of money involved in such trades, it was only a matter of time before disputes involving automated trading software came before the courts. The decision in Quoine v B2C2 (“Quoine”) represents the first time an apex court in the Commonwealth has ruled on the applicability of contractual principles to situations involving automated trading software.
Coronavirus: Pandemics, Artificial Intelligence And Personal Data: How To Manage Pandemics Using Ai And What That Means For Personal Data Protection, Warren B. Chik
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
This chapter discusses the hearing of essential and urgent court matters in the Singapore courts during the COVID-19 pandemic. On 27 march 2020, the Singapore judiciary notified courst users that remote hearings were to be implemented for certain types of hearings by means of video and telephone conferencing facilities. Court users were also provided with indicative lists of matters which might be considered essential and urgent.
Busting Myths And Dispelling Doubts About Covid-19, Mark Findlay
Busting Myths And Dispelling Doubts About Covid-19, Mark Findlay
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
The Centre for AI and Data Governance (CAIDG) at Singapore Management University (SMU) has embarked over past months on a programme of research designed to confront concerns about the pandemic and its control. Our interest is primarily directed to the ways in which AI-assisted technologies and mass data sharing have become a feature of pandemic control strategies. We want to know what impact these developments are having on community confidence and health safety. In developing this work, we have come across many myths that need busting.
Automation Tax Vs Robot-Tax, Vincent Ooi
Automation Tax Vs Robot-Tax, Vincent Ooi
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
The positive impact of developments in technology on the economy has historically outweighed the disruptive impact on employment. Society has benefited from the efficiency gains derived from the application of technology in production, while workers displaced by these technologies have largely been successfully retrained and employed in other jobs. However, the pace of development of the “Fourth Industrial Revolution” now presents a risk of mass displacement of human labour, particularly in tasks that are repetitive and menial. The “Fourth Industrial Revolution” is characterised by significant progress in a closely-linked cluster of areas such as robot dexterity, machine learning, processing power, …
Personal Data Protection Act 2012: Understanding The Consent Obligation, Man Yip
Personal Data Protection Act 2012: Understanding The Consent Obligation, Man Yip
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
The Personal Data Protection Act 20121 (“PDPA”) provides the baseline standards of protection of personal data and works in tandem with existing law to provide comprehensive protection. The birth of the legislation clearly signals Singapore’s commitment to protect the collection, use and disclosure of personal data in the age of big data and its awareness of the importance of such protection in strengthening Singapore’s position as a leading commercial hub. Significantly, the PDPA protection model balances “both the rights of individuals to protect their personal data” against “the needs of organisations to collect, use or disclose personal data for legitimate …