Law Commons^™

Freedom Of Association For College Fraternities After Christian Legal Society And Citizens United, Mark D. Bauer

Mark D Bauer

The First Amendment and its associational rights and freedoms are not tested by popular groups or causes. Only controversy can help establish the limits of constitutional rights. Fraternities and sororities (“fraternities”) have certainly been controversial during their 236 years of existence.

Colleges often regulate fraternities more strictly than any other organization. Fraternity members may be barred from wearing their letters or mentioning their affinity during certain times of the year. Recruitment of new members is generally permitted only at certain times and in certain ways. Fraternity members may be required to engage in philanthropy or maintain a specific grade point …

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission And Structural Reform Of The American Workplace, Margo Schlanger, Pauline Kim

Margo Schlanger

In 2011, the United States Supreme Court struck down a class action suit alleging that Wal-Mart stores discriminated against female employees in pay and promotion decisions, making it more difficult to obtain certification of private employment discrimination class actions. As a result, the role of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in seeking structural reform of the workplace, always of substantial influence, has gained in comparative importance. Yet there is remarkably little written about the EEOC’s large-scale injunctive cases. This Article addresses this major gap in scholarship. Using both qualitative case studies and a new quantitative dataset, we test existing theories …

The Eu’S Ets And Global Aviation: Why “Local Rules” Still Matter In A Globalized World And Why They Might Matter Even More In The Future, Michael Buenger

Michael Buenger

Over the last 60 years, the globe’s most powerful states and blocs of states (hereinafter “states”) have put considerable effort into coordinating international activities through the use of formal treaties and the acceptance of broad concepts of customary law. Yet in recent years entirely new forms of international lawmaking have emerged as evidenced by the rise of supernational institutions like the EU, non-state actors, and the unilateral extension of municipal law to shape global behavior. The EU’s unilateral extension of the ETS to global aviation is an example of this later development. Because of their economic size and political acumen, …

Reversing The Extinction Vortex For The Rarest Species: How States Can Overcome Esa’S Weak Criminal Penalty Clauses, Gail L. Grabowsky, E. Britt Bailey

Gail L Grabowsky

This paper was inspired through real life experiences in the authors’ home state of Hawaii. In 2009 the persecution of several endangered species, specifically Hawaiian monk seals and green sea turtles, led to large public outcry and ultimately a criminal conviction for the shooting of a pregnant monk seal. The perpetrator of this crime received a three-month jail sentence and a twenty-five dollar fine. The public viewed the penalty as outrageously lenient, particularly since the species now contains fewer than 1200 individuals and is declining at greater than four percent per annum. The State of Hawaii responded to this situation …

Culture And The Rule Of Law: Cautions For Constitution-Making, David Pimentel

David Pimentel

Constitution-making in developing and post-conflict countries is a growth industry throughout the world. A country needing a new constitution will necessarily feel pressure to adopt, to "import," constitutional texts and principles from other, perhaps more developed nations, knowing that (1) such concepts have been tried and proven in other successful nations, and (2) they meet internationally-recognized minimum standards. A constitution, however, is, and must be, both a product of and a reaction to the society’s culture, and that includes its legal tradition, its history, and its ideology. Unless constitutions are drafted in cultural context, the best intentions are likely to …

Arbitral Autonomy, Liaquat Ali Khan

Ali Khan

This Article presents concrete proposals to amend the current arbitration law for minimizing court intervention into arbitration proceedings and enforcement of arbitral awards. As a method of dispute resolution, arbitration offers an alternative to litigation. Yet arbitration is frequently interspersed with litigation. As a true alternative, arbitration should be, and can be, autonomous, that is, litigation-free. Arbitral autonomy fails when parties go to court to challenge validity of the arbitration agreement, to obtain emergency relief, or to contest enforceability of the award, among other reasons. To accomplish litigation-free arbitration, first, the need to go to court must be minimized; second, …

Against Juvenile Sex Offender Registration, Catherine L. Carpenter

Catherine L Carpenter

Against Juvenile Sex Offender Registration Catherine L. Carpenter* Abstract Imagine if you were held accountable the rest of your life for something you did as a child? This is the Child Scarlet Letter in force: kids who commit criminal sexual acts and who pay the price with the burdens and stigma of sex offender registration. And in a game of “how low can you go?,” states have forced children as young as nine and ten years old onto sex offender registries, some with registration requirements that extend the rest of their lives. It is both unremarkable and true that children …